What is Bian Que's main contribution?

What contribution did Bian Que make in history?

Bian Que opposed the use of witchcraft to treat diseases, summed up the experience of predecessors, and founded four diagnostic methods: observation, sniffing, questioning and cutting.

Bian Que is the originator of traditional Chinese medicine, and the world respects him as an imperial doctor. From Sima Qian's immortal Historical Records and some ancient books in the pre-Qin period, we can see that Bian Que's life is both true and legendary. Bian Que created the diagnostic methods of looking, hearing, asking and feeling, which laid the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que lived in an era of rapid development of productive forces, drastic social changes and turbulence. It is also an era in which talents flow and emerge in large numbers. The competition mechanism in various countries has formed a social fashion of respecting talents and recruiting wise men. In order to enhance their strength, all countries are collecting useful materials. Qin was located in the west of the country and was received by the governors of the Central Plains. In order to change this situation, several princes in Qin attached great importance to attracting talents from eastern countries. In order to recruit talents, Qin adopted the method of collecting talents, creating a place for all kinds of talents to display their talents. In addition to attaching importance to the talents who govern the country, Qin also respects doctors. "Zhuangzi Lieyukou" said: "The king of Qin is sick and needs a doctor. People who spend money to get sick take a ride, and the more they get after being cured." Doctors are well paid, and famous doctors from all over the world come to Qin. It was in this situation that Bian Que became a native of A Qin.

Bian Que is good at internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs and other disciplines, using acupuncture, moxibustion, frying, scalding and other methods to treat diseases, and is known as the originator of medicine. Legend has it that he once saved Prince Guo. After Bian Que's death, Prince Guo thanked him for his reconstruction and buried his bones. The tomb is located in the east of Tsinghua Town, yongji city. When Bian Que was young, he was open-minded and eager to learn, and studied his medical skills assiduously. He applied his accumulated medical experience to ordinary people, traveled around the world, practiced medicine everywhere, and relieved people's suffering. Founder of TCM theory.

What are the main contributions of Bian Que and Hua Tuo to traditional medicine?

Bian Que laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine by "seeing, listening and asking questions", and Hua Tuo was an anesthetic. This is widely known and the most important contribution.

Hua tuo's medical skill is superb. He pioneered general anesthesia surgery and was called "the originator of surgery" by later generations. He is not only proficient in prescription science, but also admirable in acupuncture. Every time he uses moxibustion, as long as he takes one or two acupoints and moxibustion for seven or eight times, he will get well. When acupuncture is used, only one or two acupoints are used to tell the patient where the acupuncture sensation will reach. Then after the needle touched the place he said, the patient said, "Here we are." He pulled out the needle and recovered immediately. In addition, he created Jiaji point, "... dozens of points on the back, one inch or five inches apart ... moxibustion points clip the spine one inch up and down".

If the pathogenic factors stagnate in the body and acupuncture and drugs cannot be directly realized, he will use surgery to get rid of the patient. The "Ma Fei San" he used was the earliest anesthetic in the history of the world. Hua tuo used "Ma Fei San" to perform abdominal surgery, which pioneered general anesthesia surgery. This kind of general anesthesia operation is unprecedented in the medical history of our country and rare in the medical history of the world. Hua tuo is good at feeling the pulse and can correctly judge the prognosis of the disease according to it. He also made an important contribution to medical sports, founded the famous Wuqinxi, and Hua Tuo was also good at applying psychotherapy to treat diseases.

Bian Que

Invent four diagnostic methods

Bian Que applied the comprehensive diagnostic technology of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis of diseases, that is, four diagnostic methods summarized by Chinese medicine later: visiting the doctor (looking at the face, etc. ), sniffing (hearing what the patient has done recently makes him sick), asking (asking if he has done anything that can cause disease) and pulse diagnosis (seeing his pulse). At that time, Bian Que told them to look at the color, listen to the sound, write the shadow and feel the pulse. These diagnostic techniques are fully embodied in some of his medical records recorded in historical books. He is good at looking at the color, judging the disease and its course evolution and prognosis by looking at the color. For example, when he met the Marquis of Qi Huan, he judged that Marquis of Qi Huan was ill, but the disease was still superficial, and the location of the disease was only a part of the surface. He advised Qi Huanhou to receive treatment. If he didn't, his condition would get worse. Huan Hou refused treatment because he felt good about himself. Soon, when Bian Que met with Huan Hou again, he pointed out that his condition had deteriorated and the disease had developed into his vein, and persuaded him to receive treatment again to avoid further development of his condition. Huan Hou still refused treatment and was very unhappy, thinking that Bian Que was showing off and making money. When Bian Que saw him for the third time, he thought that his condition had worsened and the disease had entered the stomach. If he is not treated in time, it will be difficult to treat in the end. Huan Hou still ignored it. For the last time, Bian Que judged that Huan Hou was in critical condition and had gone deep into the bone marrow. He is terminally ill and cannot be treated. As expected, Qi Huanhou soon became ill and finally died. This case shows that Bian Que was able to make good use of the interview at that time, and the diagnosis level was quite high.

Bian Que's pulse diagnosis method is also outstanding, with a high level. History books praised Bian Que as the first doctor who applied pulse diagnosis to clinic. In the pre-Qin period, pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine was a three-part and nine-waiting diagnosis method, that is, pulse-taking was performed on the whole body according to the diagnosis method, including head and neck, upper limbs, lower limbs and the whole body. Bian Que's pulse diagnosis and its theory can be reflected in Diagnosis of Prince Guo. At that time, Prince Guo was unconscious and was judged to be a "corpse" according to pulse diagnosis. He believes that the patient's yin-yang pulse is unbalanced, the yang pulse sinks, and the yin pulse surges, that is, the yin-yang pulse is out of harmony, which leads to the disorder of the whole body pulse, so the patient shows a dead state. In fact, the patient didn't really die. Besides feeling the pulse, he also observed the patient's nose moving slightly. Combined with touching, he found that the body surface of his thigh was still warm, so he dared to make this judgment. Bian Que was the earliest doctor who used pulse diagnosis to judge diseases in Chinese history, and put forward the corresponding pulse diagnosis theory.

What contribution did Bian Que make to the social development of China?

Qin, whose real name is Yue, was born and died in an unknown year. According to legend, he was born in Bohai County (now Renqiu, Hebei Province) in Tian Ji, China during the Warring States Period, and he was also born in Qi (now Changqing, Shandong Province). Because of his superb medical skills, he was honored as an imperial doctor, so people at that time used the name of "Bian Que", the imperial doctor of the Yellow Emperor in ancient mythology, to call him. Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. According to legend, the famous classic of Chinese medicine "Difficult Classics" was written by Bian Que. Bian Que was a doctor in the Warring States Period. Bian Que, the originator of traditional medicine in China, made a special contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que (active in the early 4th century BC) was a doctor in China during the Warring States Period. Studying medicine in Chang Sangjun. He has rich experience in medical practice, opposes witchcraft to treat diseases, summarizes the experience of predecessors, and establishes four diagnostic methods: looking, listening, asking and cutting. He traveled all over the country to practice medicine and was good at all subjects. In Zhao, he is a "lower limb doctor" (gynecology), in Zhou, he is an "otorhinoparalysis doctor" (ENT), and in Qin, he is a "pediatrician" (pediatrics). Later, he was killed by Li Yi, a doctor of Qin State, because of the disease he was treating. His biography and medical records are contained in Historical Records, Biographies of Bian Que and Cang Gong, and Qin Er, Volume 4 of Warring States Policy. He is an advocate of pulse science. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, Bian Que has two books, Neijing and Waijing, but both of them have been lost.

Which dynasty did Bian Que, the imperial doctor, come from, and what historical contribution did Bian Que make?

(407 BC-3 BC10) This time is the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Historical contribution: established the treatment methods of seeing, listening and asking. Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine.

Which way does Bian Que go? What is the historical contribution of Bian Que, an imperial doctor?

Basic information of Bian Que:

Chinese Name: Bian Que Nationality: Eastern Zhou Nationality: Han Nationality Birthplace: Sanchuan County, Wei State (now tangyin county, Henan Province) Date of birth: 407 BC Date of death: 3 10 BC Occupation: Doctor's main achievements: famous doctors in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and representative works that laid the foundation for pulse diagnosis methods in traditional Chinese medicine: Difficult Classic (handed down from ancient times), Internal Classic and External Classic.

Which dynasty did Bian Que belong to? Qin, Ming Yue (5th century BC-4th century BC), first name. He was a famous doctor in the era of the Yellow Emperor. When I was young, I worked as a "housekeeper" equivalent to the position of private hotel manager. The shopkeeper Sang Jun comes and goes from time to time, and the magpies respect him very much. Chang Sangjun also thought that Bian Que was sincere, modest and prudent, and very shrewd, so he privately passed on his medical skills: "I'm forbidden. I want to pass it on to the public, so I won't let it out." The magpie said to him, "honor". Xiaojun gave Bian Que the medicine in his arms and said, "Drink the water in the pool above for thirty days, and you should know things." . Since then, I have studied Huang Qi's art with Chang Sangjun as my teacher.

Bian Que's medical skill is superb, so people call him Bian Que, a legendary famous doctor in the ancient Xuanyuan era. According to historical records, he was a doctor in Bohai County, while Dr. Lu meant that he was born in Shandong. It can be seen that "Bian Que" is a general term for people with superb medical skills in ancient times. Qin Yueren is also called "Bian Que". According to the legend of the ancients, doctors cure diseases and save lives, and they bring health and happiness wherever they go, just like magpies bring good news. Therefore, the ancients called those doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics "Bian Que". The doctor's name is Lu, and he was born in Shandong. He has excellent medical skills and profound knowledge. He traveled all over the country to save lives, so it is logical to be addressed as "Bian Que".

Bian Que is the originator of traditional Chinese medicine, and the world respects him as an imperial doctor. From Sima Qian's immortal Historical Records and some ancient books in the pre-Qin period, we can see that Bian Que's life is both true and legendary. Bian Que created the diagnostic methods of looking, hearing, asking and feeling, which laid the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que lived in an era of rapid development of productive forces, drastic social changes and turbulence. It is also an era in which talents flow and emerge in large numbers. The competition mechanism in various countries has formed a social fashion of respecting talents and recruiting wise men. In order to enhance their strength, all countries are collecting useful materials. Qin was located in the west of the country and was received by the governors of the Central Plains. In order to change this situation, several princes in Qin attached great importance to attracting talents from eastern countries. In order to recruit talents, Qin adopted the method of collecting talents, creating a place for all kinds of talents to display their talents. In addition to attaching importance to the talents who govern the country, Qin also respects doctors. "Zhuangzi Lieyukou" said: "The king of Qin is sick and needs a doctor. People who spend money to get sick take a ride, and the more they get after being cured." Doctors are well paid, and famous doctors from all over the world come to Qin. It was in this situation that Bian Que became a native of A Qin.

Bian Que is good at internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs and other disciplines, using acupuncture, moxibustion, frying, scalding and other methods to treat diseases, and is known as the originator of medicine. Legend has it that he once saved Prince Guo. After Bian Que's death, Prince Guo thanked him for his reconstruction and buried his bones. The tomb is located in the east of Tsinghua Town, yongji city. When Bian Que was young, he was open-minded and eager to learn, and studied his medical skills assiduously. He applied his accumulated medical experience to ordinary people, traveled around the world, practiced medicine everywhere, and relieved people's suffering. Founder of TCM theory.

Because Bian Que has traveled around the world all his life and visited many places, there are some disputes about the birthplace of Bian Que. Ancient books recorded people from Sanchuan County (now tangyin county, Anyang City, Henan Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It's hard to say that Zhang Shoujie's "Justice in Historical Records" in the Tang Dynasty quoted the Yellow Emperor's eighty-one: "(Qin Yueren) was born in Lu, and was named Doctor Lu." Lu, in today's Shandong Changqing. "Bohai County" is in the south-central and northwest of Shandong Province. "Zheng" is in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The creation of a person's life includes: difficult menstruation and four diagnoses (namely, looking, smelling, asking and feeling).

Bian Que is good at using pulse-cutting, color-looking, listening, shape-writing, acupuncture, stone-picking, steaming and ironing, * * and other diagnosis and treatment methods. He was once known as the founder of famous doctors in internal medicine, surgery, otorhinolaryngology, down jacket (gynecology), pediatrics and other disciplines. He is the author of classic medical works such as Bian Que Neijing, Bian Que Waijing and Difficult Classics, and his medical skills are quite profound. Later, jealous of Qin Wuwang's doctor Li Yi, he sent someone to assassinate Li Yi.

Bian Que's greatest contributions in his life are as follows: ① His study and medical career were the earliest, which laid the foundation for the establishment and development of traditional medicine in China, so he was called the "medical ancestor"; ......

What influence and significance did Zhang Zhongjing, Warren, Li Shizhen and Bian Que have on China and the world?

Later generations called Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases "the ancestor of prescription science" and called the prescriptions listed in this book "classic prescriptions".

Hometown of imperial doctor

Treatise on Febrile Diseases also has many explanations on acupuncture, moxibustion, warm ironing, rubbing medicine and ear blowing. In addition, many first-aid methods, such as hanging and food poisoning, have been collected, which are quite unique. Among them, the rescue of hanging is very similar to modern artificial respiration. These are all valuable materials of Chinese medicine.

Treatise on Febrile Diseases has established Zhang Zhongjing's important position in the history of traditional Chinese medicine, and with the passage of time, the scientific value of this monograph has become more and more obvious, and it has become an important medical book that every practitioner must read in the future. . Zhang Zhongjing was also called a "medical sage" by later generations because of his outstanding contribution to medicine. Zhang Zhicong, a physician in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Those who don't know the four books can't be Confucianism, and those who don't know the whole book (treatise on febrile diseases) can't be doctors." After that, the book spread overseas and was highly praised by foreign medical circles, becoming an important book for research. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than a thousand Chinese and foreign scholars who have sorted out, annotated and studied Treatise on Febrile Diseases since the Jin Dynasty. Nearly 200 scholars have studied Treatise on Febrile Diseases since the reign of Kangping in neighboring Japan (equivalent to the Song Dynasty in China). In addition, the medical development of Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Mongolia and other countries has also been affected and promoted to varying degrees. Treatise on febrile diseases and synopsis of golden chamber are still one of the main basic courses offered in medical colleges and universities in China.

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese medicine surgery had reached a fairly high level, but with the passage of time and the continuous progress of Chinese medicine in theory and practice methods.

Huatuo Huatuo, an imperial doctor, is one of the few outstanding surgeons in the medical history of China. Good at using anesthesia, acupuncture, moxibustion and other methods, good at thoracotomy. The surgical method is not the mainstream treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine based on the culture of "respecting Confucianism". Under the Confucian thought of "the strength of the body is what parents receive", surgery has not developed on a large scale in Chinese medicine.

Most diseases can be cured by acupuncture, drugs and other treatment methods, and these painful, seriously injured and broken meridians are gradually replaced by more "civilized" and "simple" internal treatment methods. Under this condition, Chinese medicine has also made great progress, and many other medicines have to admit that it is beyond science and the theory is exquisite and profound.

Although all of Hua Tuo's medical books were burned, his academic thoughts did not completely die out, especially in the study of traditional Chinese medicine. His disciple Upp is a famous pharmacist, and many contents in Upp's Materia Medica can be seen in later medical books.

Li Shizhen: Compendium of Materia Medica consists of 16 parts, 52 volumes, about 1.9 million words. The book contains 15 18 kinds of drugs collected from various herbs, and 374 kinds of drugs are added on the basis of predecessors, accounting for 1892 kinds, including 1 195 kinds of plants; A total of 1 1096 prescriptions of ancient pharmacists and folk prescriptions were collected; There are more than 1 100 pictures of drug morphology in front of the book. This masterpiece has absorbed the essence of herbal works of past dynasties, corrected the previous mistakes as much as possible, supplemented the shortcomings, and made many important discoveries and breakthroughs. It is the most systematic, complete and scientific medical work in China up to16th century.

Compendium of Materia Medica has not only made great contributions to the development of pharmacology in China, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of medicine, botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry in the world. It has been translated into more than ten languages such as Japanese, French, German, English, Latin, Russian and Korean, and published abroad. This book creates a classification system of drugs step by step according to their natural properties. This classification method is one of the important methods of modern biological taxonomy, which is one and a half centuries earlier than the Natural System written by Linnai, the founder of modern plant taxonomy, and is known as the "Dictionary of Oriental Medicine".

Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. According to legend, the famous classic of Chinese medicine "Difficult Classics" was written by Bian Que.

Bian Que laid the foundation of traditional medical diagnostics in China. No wonder Sima Qian praised him and said, "Bian Que speaks medicine, and he abides by the right things. Keeping the number of wisdom, future generations will repair (obey) the order, which is easy to change. "

He summed up predecessors' and folk experiences all his life, combined with his own medical practice, and made outstanding contributions to Chinese medicine in diagnosis, pathology and treatment. Bian Que's medical experience occupies an important position in the medical history of China, and has a great influence on the development of China medicine. Therefore, the medical community has always regarded Bian Que as the founder of ancient medicine in China, calling him a "saint of China" and "founder of ancient medicine". Fan Wenlan called him "the first person to sum up experience" in General History of China. ...

What did Bian Que invent during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

Bian Que

Chinese name: Bian Que.

Alias: Qin Yueren.

Gender: male

Year: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period

Date of birth and death: 407-3 BC10.

Name: Bian Que.

Country or region: China.

Subject: medical scientists

Invention: Neijing and Waijing

biography

Bian Que was a doctor in the Warring States Period. The surname is Qin and the name is Yue. He was a native of Bohai Mo (now Renqiu City, Hebei Province) in Qi State. Bian Que, the originator of traditional medicine in China, made a special contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. When Bian Que was young, he was open-minded and eager to learn, and studied his medical skills assiduously. He applied his accumulated medical experience to ordinary people, traveled around the world, practiced medicine everywhere, and relieved people's suffering. Because of his superb medical skills, he cured many diseases for the people, and Zhao's working people gave him the title. Bian Que is said to be a famous doctor in the era of the Yellow Emperor.

Bian Que has the principle of "six treatments" for medical treatment and medical practice: first, those who rely on power and arrogance will die; Second, people who are greedy for money regardless of their lives die; Third, overeating, people who eat impermanently die; Fourth, the condition is too deep to seek medical treatment as soon as possible; Fifth, the patient is too weak to take medicine; Sixth, I believe in witchcraft and don't believe in the cure of medical ethics. On the basis of summarizing the medical experience of predecessors, Bian Que created the methods of looking (looking at color), smelling (listening), asking (asking about illness) and feeling the pulse to diagnose diseases. Among these four diagnostic methods, Bian Que is especially good at interrogation and pulse diagnosis. At that time, Bian Que's pulse diagnosis technique was superb and famous all over the world.

Bian Que (active in the early 4th century BC) was a doctor in China during the Warring States Period. Studying medicine in Chang Sangjun. He has rich experience in medical practice, opposes witchcraft to treat diseases, summarizes the experience of predecessors, and establishes four diagnostic methods: looking, listening, asking and cutting. He traveled all over the country to practice medicine and was good at all subjects. In Zhao, he is a "lower limb doctor" (gynecology), in Zhou, he is an "otorhinoparalysis doctor" (ENT), and in Qin, he is a "pediatrician" (pediatrics). Later, he was killed by Li Yi, a doctor of Qin State, because of the disease he was treating. His biography and medical records are contained in Historical Records, Biographies of Bian Que and Cang Gong, and Qin Er, Volume 4 of Warring States Policy. He is an advocate of pulse science. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, Bian Que has two books, Neijing and Waijing, but both of them have been lost.

There is a tomb of Bian Que at the foot of Queshan Mountain in the suburb of Jinan. The stone tablet in front of the tomb is "The Tomb of Lu Medicine in the Spring and Autumn Period", which reads "Reorganization in the 18th year of Qing Qianlong (1753)".

Bian Que traveled around the world, seeing doctors for you and treating people, and became famous all over the world. His skills are very comprehensive and know everything. I heard that Handan respects women, so I brought a doctor (gynecology). In Luoyang, because of his great respect for the elderly, he became a doctor specializing in geriatric diseases. Qin people love children most, and he became a pediatrician there. Wherever he is, he is famous.

One day, Zhao Jianzi, a doctor in the State of Jin, was ill. I was in a coma for five days and five nights, and everyone was scared. After reading it, Bian Que said that his blood was normal and there was nothing to be afraid of. He will wake up in less than three days. Then two and a half days later, he really woke up.

Once, when I passed by the State of Guo, I saw that people there were praying for disaster, so I asked who was ill. The palace warlock said that the prince had been dead for a long time. Bian Que inquired about the details, thinking that the prince was suffering from the sudden fainting and unconsciousness of "corpse syncope", and his breathing was weak as death, so he went to see him for treatment. He asked his disciples to grind the needle stone and stab Baihui point, and made a five-point iron medicine. After mixing eight reduction drugs, the prince actually sat up, just like ordinary people. Continue to replenish yin and yang, and two days later, the prince fully recovered. Since then, there have been rumors that Bian Que can "come back to life", but Bian Que denied that he could not save the dead, but could only cure the diseases of those who should be alive.

On another occasion, when I came to Qi, I knew that he was famous, so I hosted a banquet. After seeing Qi Huangong, he said, "The king is ill, which is between his skin. If he is not treated, the situation will get worse." Qi Huangong didn't believe it. He was very unhappy. Five days later, Bian Que went to see him again and said, "Your Majesty's illness has reached his veins, and it will get worse if he doesn't treat it." Qi Huangong still don't believe it, and even more unhappy. Five days later, when Bian Que saw Qi Huangong again, he said, "The disease has already arrived in the stomach, and it will be more serious without treatment." Qi Huangong was very angry. He doesn't like being told that he is ill. Five days passed again. This time, when Bian Que saw Qi Huangong, he quickly avoided it. Qi Huangong was puzzled and sent someone to ask. Bian Que said: "When the disease is between the skin, it can be cured by ironing medicine;" In terms of blood vessels, acupuncture and bianshi can be used to achieve therapeutic effects; When in the stomach, it can also be achieved through the power of wine; But if you get sick to the bone marrow, you can't cure it. Now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow. ......

Bian Que's influence on later generations.

Bian Que laid the foundation of traditional medical diagnostics in China. No wonder Sima Qian praised him and said, "Bian Que speaks medicine, and he abides by the right things. Keeping the number of wisdom, future generations will repair (obey) the order, which is easy to change. " He summed up predecessors' and folk experiences all his life, combined with his own medical practice, and made outstanding contributions to Chinese medicine in diagnosis, pathology and treatment. Bian Que's medical experience occupies an important position in the medical history of China, and has a great influence on the development of China medicine. Therefore, the medical community has always regarded Bian Que as the founder of ancient medicine in China, calling him a "saint of China" and "founder of ancient medicine". Fan Wenlan called him "the first person to sum up experience" in General History of China.