What do the layers of the compass mean?

The mysterious tool of tianwei, Feng Shui masters explore auspicious places. Besides observing with their eyes, they also use some tools, the most important of which is the compass, which is regarded as a "compass", meaning all-encompassing and latitude and longitude. The appearance of compass and its complexity have a long process.

During the Three Dynasties, people chose the base site of the palace through divination. After choosing, they need to determine the right heart. It was probably decided by the sun and the stars. There is a saying in "Poem, National Style and Prescription": "Set it in the center, make it in the Chu palace, slap it in the sun, and make it in the Chu room". According to the explanation, the fixed star, also known as the camp star, appears in the middle of the sky at dusk in October. The ancients thought that palaces could be built at this time. "slap to the sun" is to use the shadow of the sun to determine the direction of east, west, north and south, which is actually "returning to the earth" According to the relevant information of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the Shang Dynasty had mastered this technology. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Bi" is based on a wooden pole, the word "A" refers to a crossbar at the upper end of the wood at noon, the words "Yi" and "*" refer to a standing wood, and the word "stone" is like a wooden stick stuck in the soil. These things can be used to measure the shadow of the sun. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was widely used. In Zhou Li, Tu Youyou is mentioned many times. For example, Sima Xia Guan said, "The land belongs to the master and grandson of France, and the country is based on the land." How to use Tugui can be inferred from the record of Notes on the Examination of Winter Officials: "The craftsman founded the country, and the land and water set up the county (hanging), and the scenery is the rule, so he knows the sunrise scene, the scene of entering the sun, the scene of participating in the sun, and taking the extreme star of the night exam to welcome the sunset." "Land and water in the county" means watching the shadow of wooden poles, "observing rules" means drawing a circle with the length of the column as the radius and the place where the column stands as the center, "knowing the sunrise scene and watching the sunrise scene" means measuring the shadow of sunrise and sunset, and "taking part in the sun scene during the day and measuring the polar stars at night, with the timing in the morning and evening" means setting the correct orientation. It can be seen that the so-called soil return method is to erect a column in the center of the horizontal ground and make it perpendicular to the ground by hanging a rope, and then observe the projection of the sun on the horizontal ground at sunrise and sunset. These two shadows take the column as the center and the two intersecting lines of the circle drawn with the column length as the radius as the positive east-west direction, and then refer to the column shadow at noon or the orientation of Polaris at night for correction.

During the Warring States period, people invented Sina according to the characteristics of magnet guide rail. Everything is ready but the east wind says: "Wang Lisner will seize the day." "Gui Gu Zi Mou" also said: "Zheng people take jade and Sina's car, so they are not confused." It can be seen that Sina had been widely used at that time. Sina is the earliest compass, and its shape is relatively simple, mainly consisting of a spoon and a *. The spoon is made of magnets, with a round bottom, which can rotate freely on a smooth plate. When the spoon is stationary, the handle of the spoon points to the south. * is a square plate, made of copper or wood, with heavenly stems, earthly branches and gossip engraved around it, among which heavenly stems and earthly branches should not be engraved in the center, and there are 24 directions in the four dimensions of Eight Heavenly Roots, Twelve Earthly Branches, Gankun and Root-seeking, which is the orientation of Sina.

Liu Ren was very popular in Han Dynasty, which was a divination based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Among the five elements of water, fire, wood, gold and earth, water is the first; In the ten days of A, B, C, D, E, J, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, Ren and Gui belong to water, Yang is the water of Ren, Yin is the water of Gui, and Yang is taken from Yin, hence the name "Ren"; Among the sixty Jiazi, there are six people, namely, Ren, Wu, Ren Zi, hence the name. At that time, people created a tool for divination of the Sixth Master, that is, the Sixth Master's Plate. In modern archaeology, Liuyepan has been unearthed many times, and there are still seven. The six-ring disk is divided into two parts: the sky disk and the site. In the round place, the sky disk is embedded in the field, and there is a shaft in it that can rotate freely. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang's "Jing You Shending Jing" recorded the method of making patterns: "Fighting for heaven means the highest day, followed by twelve mornings and twenty-eight nights in the middle. The four-dimensional local area is twelve Chen, eight dry, five elements and thirty-six birds. " There are four corners: Tianmen, Dihu, Renmen and Ghost Road. In other words, the center of the celestial disk is the Big Dipper, followed by the Twelve Chen or the Twelve Gods (December meeting: Zheng Ming, Jiang Hai, January meeting; Tiankui will be in February; From osmium, you will, in March; Transmission, application, will be in April; Winning first, not winning, will be in May; Xiaoji, in the afternoon, in June; Taiyi will be in July; Plough, Chen Jiang, August Jiang; Taichong, Maojiang, September; Gong Cao, Jiang Yin, October; Good luck, ugly meeting, November meeting; After god, the son will be, and December will be. ) symbolizes1February, and there are 28 nights outside, indicating a stay. The territory is heavenly stems, representing the five elements: the east, the south fire, the west gold, the north water and the central Wuji soil, which are distributed in the four corners of heaven, earth, people and ghosts. The twelve immortals on the site symbolize eight directions and the position of sunrise. What Yang said was formed later, which is slightly more complicated than the system of Han Dynasty. Judging from the unearthed objects, the Big Dipper was painted on a six-benevolence dish in the Han Dynasty, surrounded by two rings of seal characters, with the outer ring being twenty-eight nights and the inner ring being twelve, representing the December general. The site has three layers of seal script, the inner layer has eight stems and four dimensions, the middle layer has twelve branches, and the outer layer has twenty nights. When in use, the top plate is rotated, and the quality is judged by the time when the top plate is aligned with the site. The early six-person table was only used to predict the good or bad luck of doing one thing, and later its use was continuously promoted, and it was also used to judge the good or bad luck of the position, which was related to Feng Shui. Volume 14 of Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty records the six ancestral techniques, which are used in nine aspects: marriage, illness, calendar, residence, life, official position, shrine worship, illness and funeral. The fourth and ninth aspects are definitely related to Feng Shui.

In the Yellow Emperor's House Classic, which appeared in the Tang Dynasty or later, the guiding principle of building a house is to divide the Yin and Yang Eight Diagrams into twenty-four paths, that is, to apply the six-benevolence board to the house. There is a picture of Yin and Yang in the book, and it is explained in detail. Below is a photo of the Yang family. The book says: "Twenty-four people are divided into four directions according to the size of the house, making twenty-four roads, including ten roads (which should be eight roads, but do not need Wuji), twelve roads, main roads, root roads, Kundao and Xundao." "Twenty-four Roads" is also called "Twenty-four Mountains", that is, twenty-four directions around the house, and its representation is the same as Sina. According to Family Classics, dryness, shock, phlegm, gen and Chen belong to yang position, while Kun, Xun, Li, Dui and Xu belong to yin position. Yang takes Hai as the head, Si as the tail, Yin takes Si as the head and Hai as the tail. Everything is related to good or bad luck. Those who follow it are "safe and prosperous". Around the late Tang Dynasty, the compass was invented and widely used in geomantic omen. There is a saying in Bu Yingtian's Xue Xin Fu: "Meridian acupuncture should be the correct way to distinguish prescriptions". According to later generations, the meridian needle is a compass. "Nine Days of Xuan Nv Qingnang Haijiao Classic" said: "Xuan Nv's status is determined by the sun during the day, and the spirit of the party is determined by the division of children at night. Using Chiyou as a guide is based on the subtlety of the scorer. " At the beginning, heaven and earth supported each other, and then the copper plates were combined in 24 directions, with heaven as a dry supplement and earth as a sub-address. "The compass mentioned in this passage originated from myth, but from it we can know that the original form of the compass is composed of the sky disk and the site, mainly engraved with 24 directions. Generally speaking, the compass is the product of the combination of Sina and Liurenpan, and then it becomes more and more complicated and mysterious in the hands of Mr. Feng Shui.

The sky disk and the earth are the two years of Feng Shui compass, symbolizing the round place. The venue is square with a concave circle in the middle; The top plate is round and the bottom is slightly convex. It can rotate on the concave circle of the venue, with a compass in the middle, also called magnetic needle and gold needle. Judging from the records and objects in various geomantic books, there are many kinds of geomantic compasses, ranging from simple two or three layers to more than forty complicated ones. For example, the compass chart is divided into five layers: the first layer is Tianchi, which feng shui experts think is Tai Chi in the compass, in which golden water is hidden, moving and yang, static and yin; The second floor of innate gossip, also known as the inner disk, refers to the scriptures; Three layers of gossip; There are twenty-four needles on the fourth floor, which are divided into yin dragon and yang dragon. The Yin Dragon is Hai, Ugly, Gen, Mao, Xun, Si, C, Ding, Wei, Geng, You, Xin, Yang Long is Ren, Zi, Gui, Yin, A, B, Zhen, Wu, Kun, Shen and Qi. Seventy-two floors over the mountain, that is, sixty jiazi plus eight days' work and four dimensions, made seventy-two floors in total, in order to cope with seventy-two times. According to Mr. Wang Zhenduo's research, compasses can be divided into coastal type and inland type according to the manufacturing area. The former is Yangzhou in Fujian and Xingning in Guangdong, while the latter is Suzhou in Jiangsu and Xiuning in Anhui. Let's take the compass made by Xiuning as an example and briefly introduce it. The concept in the compass has been explained before, so I won't go into details.

The first floor is Tianchi, or Tai Chi. The needle is in the middle, the red head points south and the black head points north. Feng Shui experts believe that Tai Chi gives birth to all things, one is Tai Chi, the other is two instruments (Yin and Yang, Gan Kun), the third is three talents (heaven, earth and people), the fourth is four images (east, west and north), the fifth is five elements (gold, wood, water, fire and earth), and the sixth is Liu Jia (Jiazi and JOE). In geomantic theory, Tianchi and Lily are very important. Rules, weights and radii need to be established. Lily moves as yang, and its static surface is yin. Meridian is divided into two instruments, which are combined into four images, and Lenten is gossip, which determines the orientation. Therefore, heaven has become, the tunnel is flat, and human nature has been established.

The second layer is innate gossip (most compasses are gossip).

The third layer is the nine planets, which have two formulations: one is represented by Yang Junsong's "Shake the Dragon Classic" in the Tang Dynasty, which is called Wolf Greedy Star, Giant Gate Star, Lu Cunxing, Wenquxing, Wu Quxing, Lian Zhenxing, Broken Army Star, Zuo Fuxing and You Bixing; One, represented by Liao *' s The Transformation of Nine Planets in Song Dynasty, is named Sun Star, Moon Star, Golden Mercury, Jupiter, Genius Star, Highest Day Star, Lonely Obsidian Star, Dry Mars and Sweeping Star. This compass is engraved with arrows, which are referred to as greed, greatness, wealth, literature, martial arts, honesty, help and greed for short. The nine planets cooperate with the twenty-four mountains and five elements, forming the root soldiers and wolves greedy for wood, Xun Xin's giant gate soil, Ganjialu's soil, Kun Bi's wood, God's precious gold, Li Renyin's water, Zhen Geng's Lian Zhen fire.

There are 24 stars in the fourth floor, namely Imperial Capital, Tianwen, Tiangui, Tianyi, Tianhan, Tianguan, Tiandi, Antarctic, Tianma, Taiwei, Taiyi, Tiangang, Tianguan, Tianyuan, Tian*, Shi Tian, Tianhan, Tian Lei and Chutian. Yi said, "There is something in the sky, and there is something underground." Feng shui experts believe that there are 24 stars under the 24 stars, and the stars are beautiful and evil, so there are good and bad luck in the old place. For example, the emperor should be inferior to the sea, the sky, the unitary and the C, which is the "four walls" and the most expensive star, also known as the "four expensive stars". Except for the humble, all three of them have the experience of building the country and the capital. Fanxing shines on the crypt, and Jin Mu Water, Fire and Soil Combination Bureau is auspicious, but it is unlucky to be out.

The fifth floor is twenty-four geographical locations, that is, twenty-four directions. This is the inner disk, also called the straight needle. 24 people went up to 24 solar terms and down to 24 underground mountains. The order is as follows: Kangua Renzigui in the north, Guagua Ugly in the northeast, Guajia Maoyi in the east, Yingua IV in the southeast, Ligugua Bingwu Ding in the south, Kungua in the southwest, Dugua Geng in the west, and dried melon in the northwest. In geomantic omen, twenty-four directions are used to determine the direction of mountains and distinguish the direction of water. If the intraday index refers to a solar term, then anger is on its corresponding side. In addition, according to the figures in Luo Shu, the yin and yang of divination qi, such as Gannan Nine, Kunbei One, Dongnan Three and Kanxi Seven, are all odd numbers, so the four hexagrams are yang, and the branches accepted are also yang, that is, Gannan A, Kunna B, Qianna Yin Deficiency and Kanna, all marked in red, and the rest are yin and black.

The sixth floor is the twenty-four solar terms, starting from the beginning of spring and ending in the cold and ugliness, in order to push five times over gold, wood, water, fire and earth and observe Shaoyin, Shaoyang, Taiyin and the sun.

The seventh floor is seventy-two mountains, distributed under twenty-four. The first floor is divided into three dragons and twelve branches, such as Dinghai, Hayes and Xinhai, and the second floor is Bingzi, Wuzi and Gengzi. After crossing the mountain, you will know the origin and development, and then you can tell the good from the bad. For example, Haishan can only take Dinghai and Xinhai, and Zishan can only take Bingzi and Gengzi. Eight dimensions are in space, for example, the index is fierce in these spaces.

Divide the money on the eighth floor Under the twenty-four mountains, each mountain has five, so there are 120, which can avoid loneliness and emptiness.

On the ninth floor, there are 24 people in the middle board, also known as the middle needle board. The meridian is aligned between the inner plate Renzi and Bingwu, staggered to the right by half in the direction of the Twenty-four Mountains, and points to the Arctic meridian. Feng shui experts believe that Guan Tianxing, who is in the needle, has a degree of advancement and retreat, and the mountains and rivers in Shimonoseki are divided.

The tenth floor is the same as the eighth floor, but it is staggered.

The eleventh floor is 60 dragons crossing the ground. According to feng shui experts, if you blow off dust through a pipe, gas will come out of the hole. Everything happens where the internal organs flow. The land is auspicious, and the soil rises with it. When the air permeates the ground, it will sit high, it will be flat, it will be clean and beautiful, and it will be fierce.

The twelfth floor is a formula, which is used to explain good or bad luck to the sixty dragons in the first place.

The thirteenth floor is twelve times.

The 14th floor is the 12th Division.

On the fifteenth floor, there are stitches on the outer plate, and the meridian is aligned with the middle of the inner plate between Zigui and Noon Ding, staggered to the left in the direction of Twenty-four Mountains, pointing to Shadow Noon.

The sixteenth floor is the same as the eighth floor, but it is staggered.

The seventeenth floor is the same as the eleventh floor, but it is staggered.

The eighteenth floor is occupied by five elements.

The nineteenth floor is Sunday night, that is, 28 nights.

The above description is a 19 layer compass. As for the compass with more than 30 turns and 40 turns, plus eight evils, eight roads and four roads, yin and yang dragons, robbers and robbers, penetrating strange doors, giving the secret needle 240 points, listening to the five elements, and registering twelve generals, needless to say, outsiders are dazzled, and even ordinary feng shui masters may not understand it. If the geomantic compass is simplified, its basic framework is nothing more than three disks and three needles: that is, the inner disk is the positive needle, which acts as a compass and refers to the magnetic pole meridian; The needle in the human disk points to the meridian of the North Pole; The outer disk sewing needle points to the shadow noon, forming a magnetic declination with the positive needle, and determining the due south direction. Other levels, more or less fine-tuning data, have different functions in Feng Shui.

Daoist Ding Xia in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty said: "Compass is a guide to geomantic omen. Without a compass, the direction of the mountain will be divided and the orientation will be determined. " Fo Yin's "Feng Shui Lecture Notes" also said: "The compass is the secret treasure of the Kanyu family. It depends on the degree of the stars, the correct orientation, the distribution of gold and the determination of points. Therefore, it is listed as the key to the yin house. People who study it are Taoists, and we must first understand the wonderful use of the compass. " The key to the use of compass is to look at the needle, and judge whether it is good or bad according to the shaking of Tianchi magnetic needle. Feng Shui once summed up the "Eight Wonders of Compass": one is prevarication, fear, uncertainty and not returning to the center line, indicating that there are old-fashioned artifacts underground; Two pairs, suddenly, the needle crosses the water surface and does not belong to the meridian, and there must be metal minerals or iron under it; Third, bullying, bullying, attracting with a magnet, and the needle is unstable; Four probing, hitting and throwing, dropping the needle half-sinking and half-floating, not floating on the surface, not sinking at the bottom, or ups and downs; Five sinks, no, indicating that there are bronzes underground; Six times, not smooth, the needle fluttered; Seven sides, no, east to west, less than the middle line; Eight positive points, the center line of assembly. The first seven situations were unlucky, but the eighth needle was lucky to return to the center line. If the geomantic master looks at the direction of water, he will use the red line (some white lines) in the middle of the compass (disk) to specify the intersection point of the nozzle, then turn the circular compass to make the magnetic needle parallel to the seabed line of Tianchi, and then see what the red line on the disk means, so that the position can be inferred according to the geomantic theory. If the direction is not suitable, the compass will be adjusted to Kyrgyzstan. Gelongsha, acupoints, building houses, etc. , all adopt the same method.