How to evaluate Hu Shi and his academic achievements?

This article is reproduced from the WeChat platform: Wen Wharf, Wen: Hu Shi.

I remember that Hu Shi was attacked and ridiculed for "pragmatism" a long time ago, but few people mentioned it again recently. Indeed, "study more problems and talk less about socialism." Now rereading this sentence, and then corresponding to the article "Academic Salvation", Gong Hu's transcendental wisdom and patriotic feelings are vividly on the paper.

Time is pressing today, so I don't want to say more. I haven't been to college for almost nine months! I want to go to Europe, go now, I really don't want to come back! I hope I can find a place to eat and study there. But whether my conscience will allow me to do so is uncertain. That depends on what kind of conscience wins. Today, I will say a few words briefly as a parting message.

Last August, I published an article about saving the country and studying. Many people attacked me at that time. But society has given us fame, so we should speak with conscience, knowledge and morality. The qualification that society gives us as leaders is to make us dare to say and do things if we fail or die, instead of giving us a reputation for eating and getting money. I may say offensive words, but you should know that offensive words are rare!

Last year, I said that saving the country cannot be achieved by waving flags and shouting. More or less people need to devote themselves to academic undertakings and make hard and pragmatic efforts. Just now, Mr. Kato said that I was very moved by the fact that New Japan became New Japan. Japan is a small country, and now it is one of the four great powers in the world. It didn't happen by accident, but most of them tried their best to absorb western science and scholarship before they succeeded. You know that no matter what you do, you can't do without academics.

Therefore, I advocate saving the country with personality and learning. Today, I will only briefly talk about the second point.

When the world is in chaos, it is not shameful for a few people to learn fundamentally without changing the times. That's what I meant when I gave a speech at Shanghai Datong College three days after the "March 18th" massacre. Today, I came back to the university to see you for the first time. That's what I'm saying. I want to save the country with academics.

This book is a biography of the legal person Pasteur. I saw it in Shanghai disease, and I cried in some places.

Pasteur was 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. France was defeated. German soldiers drove to Paris to catch the emperor, the city was also occupied, and the alliance under the city was ordered to pay 50 thousand yuan. This compensation is one fifth more than our boxer indemnity. And cut Alsace, Rowling and Germany. If you look at the literature at that time, such as Mo Bosang's works, you can see the horror and sadness that France almost perished at that time. By this time, Pap was already very famous. Seeing that legal persons were subjected to various abuses, the Academy of Sciences was not destroyed in the war, but it was destroyed this time. He was so angry that he withdrew all his doctoral degrees from Bonn University in Germany. He also wrote: "Why was France defeated? That's because there are no talents in France. Why is there no talent in France? That's because French science is not good. " France and Germany didn't lose the battle before, because Vassili's ordinary scientists had various inventions and applications. Later, Vassili and others were killed by the revolutionary army. On the day when Mona was about to be killed, he said, "My job is to manage gun manufacturing. I only care about the quality of the gun, and don't ask anything else. " Only when science helps the revolution can the revolution succeed. This time, France could not defeat a newly established but not yet unified Germany, entirely because of the lack of scientific progress. But 20 years later, the British said that Baxter's experimental results were enough to repay 50 thousand pounds.

Pap test results are many, today I give three things:

First, about wine making.

He studies fermentation and thinks that a thing will not change for no reason. There must be microorganisms at work here. Other diseases, such as ulcers and putrefaction, and infectious diseases are also caused by microorganisms. Wine is produced in the south of France, but the loss of wine is great. Pasteur studied it carefully and thought that the reason why this wine deteriorated was because there were microorganisms in it. Why do microbes come? He said that there are three kinds: one is from air, the other is from utensils and the third is from materials. He tried many experiments to avoid and treat this disease. He found that if the wine was boiled to 50-55 degrees, it would not go bad. But nobody believed him at that time. Warships under the jurisdiction of the French Admiralty need a lot of wine when sailing to foreign countries. For a long time, they always drank sour wine. I just want to try pasteurization and cook the wine to 55 degrees. After ten months, all the boiled wines are good, with rich aroma and bright color. It's not cooked. It's all broken. Later, it was good to bring a lot of boiled wine to Africa. As a result, France's annual income has increased by several hundred million.

Second, about sericulture.

The annual income of sericulture in France is huge. But one year, the silkworm eggs suddenly got a plague, and they had pepper spots on their bodies, which caused great losses. Pasteur went to study, and the result of the study was correct, because microorganisms were born when pupae turned into moths. People don't believe it. Lyon convened a committee to discuss the matter. Pasteur sent several kinds of silkworm eggs, A, B, C and D, and wrote them down one by one, saying that some were punctate, some were microscopic, some were alive and some were dead. Lyon studied the experiment in a special committee, and it was consistent with Pasteur's words. Pasteur also came up with various simple methods to let sericulture people buy microscopes to select silkworm eggs. Those who can't put the microscope can send the seeds to the public security bureau and the people from the public security bureau to check them. As a result, the sericulture industry in France has developed greatly and its income has soared.

Third, about animal husbandry.

France has always attached importance to agriculture, and animal husbandry is also very strong. /kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, cattle and sheep suddenly got splenic plague, and all died of black blood within a few days. The country has lost countless cattle and sheep. Babbitt thought that this must be the reason why a pathogen was introduced into livestock, so he tried his best to study and test it. Not found from 1877 to 188 1 year. At this time, another kind of chicken plague happened. Pasteur discovered the pathogen of chicken plague and injected it into other chickens, and then other chickens got the plague. But if this pathogen is left for a long time, it will have no effect when injected into chickens. He thinks that oxygen must reduce the ability of bacteria to reproduce. And continue to study that this pathogen can't grow if it is cooked between 42 and 45 degrees. If less toxic bacteria are injected into livestock, they will not be harmed when they encounter more toxic bacteria in the future. Because the body has developed resistance.

At that time, there were a lot of ordinary pedants who opposed him and wanted to embarrass him. So they gathered some people to buy some cows and some sheep and asked Pasteur to test them. Pasteur injected some cattle and sheep with less toxic bacteria twice. The third time, they were all injected with toxic and deadly bacterial liquid. It is claimed that three injections will not kill you, and only one injection will not live. This is tantamount to telling fortune with cattle and sheep. Many people laughed at him and worried about him at that time. But before the deadline, his students wrote to tell him that all his words had come true and asked him to come and have a look as soon as possible. So thousands of people came to see him, praised him, welcomed him, and even those who opposed him came on stage to announce that they believed in him very much.

This invention has made great progress in medicine and benefited people all over the world. Is this just paying 50 thousand compensation to France? This can hardly be counted by numbers!

He worked hard for four years before he came up with the experiment. He said to his wife, "If this was not invented by the French, I would really be angry."

This man is our role model, and this is saving the country. Since we are college students, we need to know what to do. I hope our classmates and friends will pay attention to it. Our responsibility is to study academically and make contributions to the country and society.

Without science, war and revolution are impossible!