What does Tongguan fortune telling mean?

The outbreak of Tongguan War in the Three Kingdoms Period and its consequences

There are many battles in history, and there are also many famous battles. Back in the Three Kingdoms period, one of the famous battles was the battle of Tongguan. How did the battle of Tongguan break out? Who are the main warring parties? What was the process of Tongguan campaign? What is the final result? If you want to know, then take a look at the following related introductions!

How was the battle of Tongguan fought during the Three Kingdoms period?

The battle of Tongguan in the Three Kingdoms period was a war between Cao Cao and Ma Chao, Han Sui and other western heroes.

At that time, Cao Cao was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD. In the end, we can only resist Sun Quan's northward movement and successfully hold Hefei. However, the struggle for the south has failed, so Cao only strengthened his defense against the south and turned to attack Guanzhong.

2 1 1 In March, Cao Cao decided to go west after conquering the south and losing political power. Ma Chao and Han Sui, who were hiding in the west at that time, got the news and immediately sent troops to resist. I met Cao Cao's army near Tongguan, Guanzhong, and had a big fight.

Before Cao Cao went south, he called Marten to Kyoto as an official in the name of the Han Dynasty, so that Marten's army in the northwest did not dare to make a move. But now he wants to solve this problem. Ma Teng is away, and Ma Chao can't help but suspect that Cao Cao is coming to attack them. Originally, Cao Cao was advised to pacify Guanzhong before attacking Hanzhong. When Cao Cao refused to listen, he was beaten by Guanzhong, Ma Chao and other military forces.

So the battle of Tongguan broke out. Although Cao Cao was bent on his own way, he still won by power, successfully captured Guanzhong and finally pacified the West.

Tongguan Campaign in the Three Kingdoms Period

There is an army under Marten's command in the northwest, which is self-respecting. Before Cao Cao went south, he called Ma Teng to Kyoto as an official in the name of the Han Dynasty, so that his son Ma Chao did not dare to move. After the defeat of Cao Cao in Battle of Red Cliffs in 208, fortunately, he was able to keep Hefei from being captured by Sun Quan, and Sun Quan formed an alliance with Liu Bei, so Cao Cao strengthened the defense in the south and expanded his power to Guanzhong.

2 1 1 In March, Cao Cao sent Zhong You to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and sent Xia and others to Hedong to meet the Zhong You army. Gao Rou once admonished Cao Cao: "When a soldier goes to the Western Expedition, Han Sui and Ma Chao suspect that they are attacking themselves, and they will certainly fan each other. It is advisable to recruit three assistants first, three assistants are flat, and Hanzhong can pass. Han Sui and Ma Chao will suspect that the troops are attacking themselves when they move westward, and they will incite each other. It is advisable to pacify Sanfu (Guanzhong) first. Sanfu (Guanzhong) has been pacified, and Hanzhong can be pacified as long as it is announced. ) "Cao Cao didn't listen and continued to send his troops.

The generals in Guanzhong are really suspicious. More than ten people, including Ma Chao, Han Sui, Hou Xuan, Yin Cheng, Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi and Ma Wan, rose up to revolt. They assembled hundreds of mixed troops of Qiang, Hu and * * * and camped in Tongguan, ready to attack. Many counties and cities in Hongnong and Fengyi rose up, and all the troops fled from Meridian Valley into Hanzhong. Cao Cao sent Cao Rendu's generals to resist and ordered him: "Kansai soldiers are lean and tough, so don't fight them." (Kansai Army is smart and tough. Just stick to it and don't fight the enemy. )」

2 1 1 In July, Cao Cao personally led an army to attack Ma Chao and others, leaving Cao Pi guarding Yecheng. Many people think: "Kansai soldiers are strong and learn spears. If you are not selected, you will not be a striker." (Kansai soldiers are strong and good at using spears. If they are not the chosen strikers, they can't resist. But Cao Cao thought: "The war is in me, not the thief. Although a thief has learned a spear, he can't stab it, but you can watch it. I have the initiative in the war, not the enemy. Although the enemy is good at using spears, I will guard against their thorns. Watch this. In August, Cao Cao arrived in Tongguan and confronted Ma Chao and others. (fortune telling)

Cao Cao was always happy when the Kansai Allied Forces arrived one by one. The generals were not quite sure why he was so happy. Cao Cao said, "In the long run, it will only be a year or two if the thief is levied according to his own dangers." Today, we are all here. Although there are many people, we can't surrender to each other. The army can be wiped out without a suitable master. For me, doing something is a pleasure. Guanzhong road is long. If the enemy defends according to the terrain, even if he sends troops to attack, it will not be settled in a year or two. Now they are all gathered together. Although there are many people, they don't give in to each other. Allies without leaders can be wiped out in one fell swoop. It's much easier than defending separately now, so I'm happy. )

On the one hand, Cao Cao pretended to fight a decisive battle with the Kansai Allied Forces; on the other hand, he sent Huang Xu and Zhu Ling to cross the river northward at a speed of 4,000 steps, then crossed the river in Pubanjin and camped in Hexi. In August, Cao Cao personally crossed the Yellow River from Tongguan to the north. First, the army was moved to the north shore, and only a few hundred tigers, such as Cao Cao and Chu Xu, stayed on the south shore to patrol.

Ma Chao immediately led more than 10 thousand people to attack, and the arrows rained down. However, Cao Cao still lay motionless on Hu's bed. Seeing the danger, Chu Xu immediately helped Cao Cao get into the boat, but the boatman was shot by a flowing arrow. Chu Xu held a saddle in his left hand to block an arrow for Cao Cao, and his right hand desperately punted, and suffered several times. After driving four or five miles, Ma Chaojun continued to chase and shoot arrows. The army did not know Cao Cao's safety and was very worried. At this time, Ding Fei, a captain, ordered the army to release horses and cattle as bait to lure the enemy deeper. The Kansai Allied Forces really gave up their pursuit and quickly pursued horses and cattle. Cao Cao finally succeeded in crossing the river. Everyone saw that Cao Cao was safe and sound, but Cao Cao laughed: "Today I was tricked by a thief! I was trapped by thieves several times today! )」

They joined the Huang Xu army and headed south along the river. When the allied forces arrived at Weikou to defend, Cao Cao set up several teams of suspected soldiers, and sent another army to cross the Weihe River by boat, set up a pontoon bridge and camp in Weinan at night. Ma Chao and others led troops to attack and were ambushed by Cao Jun. Ma Chao and others stationed troops for a long time, and sent envoys to see Cao Cao, demanding that Hexi be ceded as a peace treaty, but Cao Cao refused. In September, Cao Cao crossed the Weihe River and entered the Weinan camp. Ma Chao and others challenged him several times, but Cao Cao refused, only keeping his position. At that time, Cao Cao had met with Han Sui and Ma Chao alone, and Cao Cao only brought Chu Xu. Ma Chao wants to catch Cao Cao with great strength. However, Ma Chao heard of Chu Xu's bravery and asked Cao Cao, "Who is the male tiger?" (Is the Tiger Hou (Chu Xu) of Gong (Cao Cao) there? ) "Cao Caoyong pointing to Chu Xu, Chu Xu staring at d, who also dare not move. .

In order to avoid a protracted war, the Kansai Allied Forces had to cede land and send hostages for peace. Jia Xu counselors thought they could pretend to promise them. When Cao Cao asked him what his plan was, Jia Xu said, "Just leave. (Just alienate them. ) "Cao Cao understood what he meant and agreed to the request of the Coalition forces.

Han Sui met with Cao Cao as a representative. Cao Cao and Han Sui's father were recommended as filial piety in the same year, and they were peers and had a friendship with Han Sui. When they met, they didn't talk about military affairs at once, but only talked about the past in Kyoto, clapping their hands and laughing. Cao Jun also listed 5,000 soldiers as a tenfold array. The allied forces were surprised and came to see who Cao Cao was. Cao Cao smiled and said to them, "I want to see the evil of Cao Gong! I am still human, but I don't have four eyes and two mouths, but I have many wise ears! You all want to see Cao! I am just an ordinary person, without four eyes and two mouths, only more resourceful ears! )」

After the meeting, Ma Chao and others asked Han Sui, "What are you talking about? What did Cao Cao say! ) "Han Sui replied," There is nothing to say. (Nothing. ) "Ma Chao and others were very skeptical about Han Sui's attitude, fearing that he would contact Cao Cao privately. A few days later, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui, but in the letter, he erased many words and changed them, just like Han Sui did. Ma Chao and others became more and more suspicious, so Cao Cao agreed to fight the Coalition forces at this time. Cao Cao first went to the challenge with light troops. After a long battle, Cao Jun attacked the Allies with tigers and leopards, and the Allies were defeated. Cao Jun killed Cheng Yi, Li Kan and others. Han Sui and Ma Chao fled Liangzhou, while Yang Qiu went to settle down. The battle of Tongguan ended here.

The result of the battle of Tongguan in the Three Kingdoms.

In this battle, Cao Cao defeated several legions in Guanzhong that held the emperor to make the princes, so that they could not resist together and their strength was greatly weakened. Later, Cao Cao accepted it further, and sent Xia to guard Chang 'an and pacify Han Sui with Zhang He. Although Ma Chao constantly rallied the masses to arise, they were all suppressed by Xia, and finally only Zhang Lu who fled to Hanzhong made a guest appearance. 2 12 In May, Cao Cao killed Ma Teng, an official in Beijing.

Summary: History is always inseparable from war, and the survival of a country often depends on war. The above is about the battle of Tongguan in the Three Kingdoms period. I hope it will help you understand the historical facts!