Night Talk Week Chronicle 29 (3)

There are three halls in the county.

The Confucian Temple Academy thrives on learning.

As mentioned above, the beauty of the county is indeed better than that of Jiangnan. When the county town moves here, it is necessary to build the county Yahe Confucian Temple first.

The county magistrate's office, that is, the place where the princess went to court to inquire about the case, was originally in the land of the giant bridge and the fief of the ancient city of Qiu County, which is impossible to verify. Before moving to the present address, there were few ink drops, or they were scattered and disappeared. Looking up history and seeking records, visiting Ming begins with records. It was first built by Wen Yang Xin, a magistrate in the third year of Jiajing, Sejong, Ming Dynasty (AD 1524). It's just a few rooms with a table and a place to ask questions. After six years, that is, the ninth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1530), Wang Rui, the new magistrate of a county, added a lobby, six rooms, an instrument door and a watchtower. I don't know the scale and pattern, but it's no big deal to think about it, but it's embryonic to standardize the county government. "The sparrow is small and complete." Later, it was repaired or even rebuilt many times because of old defeat, expansion or war damage. Although it was rebuilt, the address has not changed.

Quzhou county government is located in the intersection center of four streets, east, west, south and north, at the northeast corner of Cross Street. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, you could see that the official position had its own rules and was quite imposing. After all, it represents the face of the first-level government and the imperial court. The main entrance from south to north is to look at the wall first and then at the floor. Seeing the wall objectively blocks people's sight, but subjectively blocks evil spirits from feng shui. There are three big characters "Quzhou County" engraved on the bridge floor. There is a huge clock hanging on the watchtower, which rings at dawn and dusk every day and rings over the county seat, such as "Beijing time", which is used by the county to check the time. Outside the main entrance, there are a pair of stone lions, and behind the main entrance, there is the ceremonial gate, that is, the prestigious gate. There are small doors on both sides of the instrument door, and the "people's door" and "life door" are on the east side, which are used by ordinary people. On the west are the "ghost gate" and the "death gate". The door of death row for recidivists is usually closed. There is a special step in front of the righteous gate, which is much wider than the general steps. It is called Dan Yong, which is used by the magistrate of a county to receive the masses, give speeches, watch performances, celebrate festivals, have fun with the people and other outdoor public activities. From the instrument door through the stone pavilion, you can reach the purlin. Why is it called Jieshi Pavilion? It turned out that there was a huge stone standing in the pavilion. On the front, it says "public health is bright", and on the back, it says "pay wages, people's ointment is easy to abuse, and God cannot bully". In order to remind the princess sitting in the main hall to enforce the law impartially, it is called Jieshi. There are also couplets on both sides of the main entrance, which say, "Forget yourself and give three feet, you must remember before you step, and you are sincere and fearful." Is this also to warn the expectations of the master or the people? Behind the lobby is "Ertang", named "Sibutang", which was renamed "Snake Hall". There is another door to the north of Sibutang, called Zhaimen, which is approaching the backyard. Behind the door is the "three halls" of the princess, called "Xiezhong". The purlin is the lobby of the princess's mansion. When trying some criminal cases at ordinary times, people can sit in on the hall, hear the cases openly and sit in. Ertang is a place where the magistrate of a county reflects on his mistakes and thinks about atonement. Some social corruption cases are usually tried here, but they are not heard in public because they involve personal privacy. The three halls are the places where distinguished guests are received and where princes and nobles are judged. North of the three halls is the inner house, which is the residence of the magistrate and his family, and is called the "building". There is also a "back building" behind it, which is the highest point of the whole county government. At that time, officials lived in public houses with "front hall and back room", and real estate speculation was never allowed. After working for several years, I took a bedroll. The "four unlike" from Qiaolou to Ertang is a centralized office area with two wings on both sides. It is the functional administrative organization of the county government, serving as the six rooms of officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers, also known as official Cao, corresponding to the six central departments; In addition, there are a series of institutions and offices, such as warehouse building, grain collection office, Yin hotel, Dianshizhai, "public stables", Aote Express House, Quick Catch Room and prison. Except for the education department in the Confucian Temple, everyone works here. It is also a collective office, which is convenient for the owner to manage and facilitate the people to do things. There are also two temples in the official's son of this county. One is the land temple, which means "the land god is not clear about its beginning, so it is also a society", and the other is the Xiaocao Temple, a temple dedicated to Xiao He and Cao Can in the Western Han Dynasty and the patron saint of the county government.

The courtyards of county officials are open and quiet, and the atmosphere is solemn. There are dozens of towering Gu Song with elegant environment. Buildings are all blue bricks and tiles, with high platforms and overhangs, and corridors. Most of the buildings have exquisite brick carvings and stone carvings, and couplets are engraved or hung on the lobby and columns, and plaques are hung on the doors, which is very interesting. The whole county seat faces south, the axis is symmetrical, the north is high and the south is low, and the former house is built in strict accordance with the regulations and never dares to cross the line. The county government really can't be used because of age or war, so it was restored and recorded in history for future generations to remember. Usually, the principle of "officials don't repair houses, customers don't repair shops" is followed. It really doesn't make sense to spend money there. During the Republic of China, the county government was still the government's office. After liberation, it was also the temporary residence of the People's Committee, which was later changed to a government guest house. In 1980s, a three-story building was built, which was the back house of the former county government. The two guava trees in front of the back house were transplanted from the west to the east because they were in the way, but they didn't survive. Now there is only one guava tree over a hundred years old, which is luxuriant in foliage and flowers, and it is also an antique.

In the county, the largest building is the Confucian Temple, which is comparable to the county government. Confucius Temple is a sacred place to commemorate China's great thinker, educator and sage Confucius. It is also the educational administration and teaching place of the country, which is used to learn Confucian classics and teach the people. Confucian temple is inseparable from county governance. The Confucian Temple is on the left side of the county government, with the left as the top, and "Wen Zuo" advocates enlightenment. The Confucian Temple in Quzhou was built in the 25th year of Dading in Jin Dynasty (A.D. 1 186), and there are few historical records. It has also been repaired, rebuilt and expanded several times, and the development and construction reached its peak in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The Confucian Temple extends from the main street in the south to the south bank of Beihai Zi in the north. It covers a large area and has many buildings. If you stay until now, you won't be allowed in without a ticket to 80 yuan on 120. The main entrance of the Confucian Temple is called Lingxingmen. Entering this gate, the first thing you see is the spectacular Chi Pan, which is half-moon-shaped, and the masses call it "Crescent River". There are three stone bridges on it, arched Qingshi Bridge. The one in the middle is slightly larger and more exquisite, which is what the folk song says: "Three Bridges Never Leave the City". The main building "Dacheng Hall", namely "Sage Hall", located in the north of Chi Pan Bridge, is a statue dedicated to the sage hole. There are six pavilions and fifteen galleries, which are very spectacular. Between the gate and the Jimen, there are a group of important buildings in the east, namely "Minghuan Temple" (a famous person in Qu Dynasty) and "Xiangxian Temple" (a famous person in Qu Dynasty) in the west. There is Yu Chenglong (from Shaanxi) in Minghuan Temple. I wonder if he is an honest official in the TV series Yu Chenglong. In front of the Confucian Temple, there is Debai Tiandi Square in the east, Guan Xue Ancient and Modern Square in the west and Star Gate Square in the south. Among the Confucian temples, there are Chongsi Hall, Loyalty Hall, Minglun Hall, Shensi Hall, Cultivation Hall, Jingyi Pavilion, Sheji Pavilion and Jingjing Pavilion. The majestic Jingjing Pavilion is the tallest building in Gong Xue. It is a double-eaved, hilltop resting structure. There is also a quadrangle building in the Confucian Temple, which is the residence of the teachings and the office of Bapin teachings. Some people say that the four important ministers in Quzhou's history all graduated from Confucian temples. I have never verified this, but as a long-term institution of higher learning, educational institution and spiritual shrine in Quzhou, its contribution to the development of Quzhou's talent culture is self-evident. After the new magistrate took office, he went to the Confucian Temple to burn incense as usual. Every year, ceremonies are held to worship Confucius and so on. Zhang Xisan, a Confucian Fuping in Quzhou County, once praised: "Floods can cut palace walls. The algae and celery are beautiful, and the peaches and plums are fragrant. Yue Jun Hao Yue, Min Wen Wei. Walking into a room is like swimming in the hall. "

Speaking of education in Quzhou, I have to say that there are four academies in Quzhou history. Academy is an ancient institution of higher education integrating book collection, teaching and scientific research. Different from private school enlightenment, it focuses on research and is a club for scholars. From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, due to frequent wars and the decline of official learning, many scholars fled to the mountains and set up academies imitating the Buddhist meditation system, gradually forming a unique educational organization form in feudal society. Academy system sprouted in Tang Dynasty, perfected in Song Dynasty and abolished in Qing Dynasty. At first, it was established by the people, with the purpose of educating and cultivating people's knowledge and virtue, not for exams. After that, it gradually became semi-official. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, most academies were no different from official schools. The history of more than 1000 years had an important influence on the development of education and culture in China feudal society. Famous academies include Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, Goose Lake Academy in Shangrao, Jiangxi, Shigu Academy in Hengyang, Hunan and Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan. Although the Fourth Hospital of Quzhou can't be compared with it, it has also played an indelible role in the development of local education and culture. Anren Academy, also known as the Temple of Confucius, is the first academy in Quzhou history that respects the statue of Confucius. Founded in the Yuan Dynasty, Anren Town (known as Qiu County in ancient times), 50 miles northeast of the county, has a book "The Temple of Confucius" written by Hanlin Wang Gongru in the Yuan Dynasty, claiming that this move won the hearts of the people and played the role of "enlightenment, goodness and loyalty". Gongshan Academy is Lu Zhenfei (a native of Dongguan), who served as the secretariat of Sichuan Daoism during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty. Later, it was founded by the University of Wenyuange in Nanming, the Ministry of Official Affairs and the Minister of War. Located in the south of East Moat Road outside the East Gate of Quzhou County, ten square yards east of the city, there are fifty acres of beneficial fields, which are the source of funds for the academy. The purpose of establishing an academy is to "inherit the biography of Confucius and Mencius and unite morality". This academy has trained many talents for the Lu Zhenfei family. The academy was founded by Lu, then the magistrate of Quzhou County, in the sixth year of Qing Qianlong. Located behind Wenchang Pavilion of Quzhou County School. "The establishment of Yu Ying College is a long-term plan, especially for good governance." At this time, the academy officially operated. At that time, Quzhou Jinshi Zhu Qin and Wang Jinyuan were both lecturers of Yu Ying Academy. In the late Qing Dynasty, Yu Ying Academy was transformed into Yu Ying Primary School, which became the predecessor of modern school education in Quzhou. Jigong Academy, founded by Zhang Yuchun in Qing Dynasty, is located in Xiaogu Village, Middle East District of Quzhou County (now Qiu County), and has set aside 28 mu of land for the Academy as a source of funds. Specially recruit poor children to school and postpone teachers' courses. Everyone praises "Yi Xue" and "Yi Xue". It is said that the plaque of Jigong Academy was written by Daoguang.

In the heyday of Quzhou's prosperity, there were many public institutions and buildings in the city, such as government offices, study palaces, ancestral temples and academies, as well as many archways, watches, flagpoles and pavilions. Become a prosperous city and civilized place leading the surrounding area.