What is the ancient name of the school?

Question 1: What were the names of ancient schools in China? Different periods are different. For example, the place to study is usually called.

Itchy, pie, Yao, Zhou. In the Zhou dynasty, private schools were just established, and the people who set up private schools were generally princes and tycoons. In order to cultivate talents, they are called "Gong Xue", and more famous is the "Xia Ji" of Qi. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and subsequent dynasties, there were similar "societies of learning", "societies of writing" and "societies of poetry". After the Song Dynasty, the "Academy" prevailed and became a place for students to study as opposed to "Taiyuan". Of course, most of the ancient scholars also lived in temples and Taoist temples (I feel that the ancients paid great attention to the study of Confucian classics), so the places where students lived also had some similar tastes. As for the place to eat, according to the literature of the Ming Dynasty, the teachers at that time didn't care about meals-they went to school to beg others and had to find their own hotels (send horses to Dongyang). Generally speaking, the ancients named their learning-related buildings with elegant names, such as this hall, that hall or that pavilion (Wenyuan Pavilion).

As for the teachers' association, this is even more complicated: during the Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended. At that time, people surnamed Zi were often very powerful, but they were not the gentle scholars we imagined. Many of them are violent worships, such as Mohist, Lu Ban, strategists and strategists. Mohism itself has a record of fighting for "refusal". Although Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism do not advocate "the warfare", the academic circles are also "tense" and vilify each other. Confucianism itself later scored eight points, which is a mess anyway. Therefore, there was always a struggle meeting at that time, and there were many discussions about Confucian classics and laws in Taoist temples (Buddhism only rose in China at the end of Han Dynasty).

Question 2: What were the names of ancient schools in China? Preface to the Book of Rites and Preface to Xia Houshi. Wang Zhi: Xia Houshi raised the country in the eastern order and civilians in the western order. Mencius on Teng Wengong: If you give the order, you will shoot. The preface was originally a place for teaching and shooting, and later developed into a place for slave owners and nobles to discuss politics, sacrifice and support the elderly, and also a place for slave owners and nobles to educate their children.

Meng Wei: "Set? Order? Study? It's from school. ... Xia Yue school? Where's Yin? Zhou Wei? Learning is shared by three generations, so it is also an ethical issue in the Ming Dynasty. "

Question 3: What does "learning" mean in ancient Chinese? This problem involves the interpretation and origin of the word school in ancient Chinese, as follows:

First, the ancient interpretation of the word:

1, explanation:

An institution specializing in education.

2. For example:

"Mencius? On Teng Wengong: "Order, study and school to attack with teaching."

Han Yang Xiong, Guan Bai Zhen? Dr. Zhen: "State-owned schools have Pan Gong. "

Song Ouyang Xiu's "On Learning": "It is the duty of the country to build a school and cultivate talents, and to choose talents by virtue."

Zheng's "Shengshi"? School: "School is the place to train talents and the foundation of governing the world."

Second, explain the source of this word:

Word source

The Western Zhou Dynasty called the school "Biyong", where a few slave owners and nobles studied. In ancient times, schools were called Yao, Xu, Xue, Xiao and Shu. At the beginning, it was not all specialized educational institutions, but also a place to learn to support the elderly. During the Western Han Dynasty, schools were divided into central schools and local schools. Central school is the highest institution of learning in this country, which is equivalent to today's universities. There is a school palace at the local level. The Tang Dynasty was the peak of running schools in ancient times, and the classification of schools was more detailed. Schools in Ming and Qing Dynasties were basically inherited from Sui and Tang Dynasties, but due to the development of the imperial examination system, schools became vassals and decorations of the imperial examination system. In the late Qing Dynasty, modern education began. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the charter of the King James School called it a school. By 1907, new schools have been established all over the country.

After the Revolution of 1911, the Ministry of Education announced the new academic system, and all "schools" were renamed "schools", which are still in use today.

Question 4: What were the nicknames of ancient students?

Student: In the Spring and Autumn Period, students were called "students". Zheng Feng? Amethyst: "Green Amethyst, leisurely in my heart". Zheng Xuan pointed out: "Young people, green collars, also serve students." So the word "stubborn" should now be pronounced "today". "Poetry? Zheng Feng? Clear and quiet. Mao Zhuan: "Teenagers, teenagers, are also served by students. "Korea? Zheng Xuan wrote: "The students are all at school. "Song? Lin Jingxi's poem "Pay a High Father" says: "Elegant hands give birth to a full house. "Xiao San's Poetry" He ... ":"He is the most beloved professor of young students. "

Disciple: The Analects? Yongye: "Ai Gong asked:' Who is the one who wants to learn?' "An apprentice is different from a master and an apprentice. Song? Ouyang Xiu's "Inscription of Confucius and Zhou Dynasties in the Later Han Dynasty": "His pro-teacher is a disciple, and his mentor is a protege." Students should learn from their teachers and receive their education before they can succeed. For teachers, students are apprentices.

School-age children: young students. Hanshu? Literary annals: "Han Xing, Xiao He's cursive method, also wrote its method, saying:' A surname can satirize more than 9,000 words, which is history. "The scream of" Lu Xun "? Bai Guang: "As soon as he arrived at his door, seven schoolchildren opened their throats and began to read."

Master: Yes, disciple. Book of rites? "Good at Bowing": "Zi Si is crying in the temple, and the Lord is coming." Zheng Xuan's Note: "The master is also an apprentice." The door means the owner.

Student: It also refers to students. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, "protege" refers to re-passing disciples. Master and disciple are different. Ouyang Xiu is in the collection of ancient books? Tail? The inscription on the Confucius Temple in the later Han Dynasty said, "His pro-teacher is a disciple, and his mentor is a protege." Later generations also refer to self-taught students.

Under the door: refers to students and disciples. Huainanzi? Ying Tao Xun: "Gong Sunlong said to his disciples,' Can someone call me?' Hu Shi's Zen genealogy in Bai Juyi's era:' Huai Hui is also the gate of Yi Dao, and his book will not be passed down today.'

Disciples, students and guests: students and disciples. Qing Liu da? Epitaph to Dr. Min Fujun: "I make a living as a disciple, and the professor lives between the Party and Qianxi and Xunchuan. There are hundreds of people under his door. " Guo Moruo's My Childhood: "He is a student of Zhang Zhidong and Wang Renqiu. I heard that some of Zhang Zhidong's theories were copied from him. " Tang Ming Shunzhi's poem "Sending Zou Dongguo to the South Courtyard" reads: "Speaking of guests, several people are sitting in the spring breeze."

Disciple: refers to the disciples under the door. The Analects of Confucius? Taber: Ceng Zi was ill, so he called his disciples. An apprentice is also called an apprentice.

Disciple: refers to a disciple or apprentice. Acts, meaning disciples, disciples. So some nicknames of students are also called "disciples". Such as apprentice, apprentice, apprentice and apprentice. "Disciple", disciple and protege. Zeng Guofan's Preface to Sending Mr. Tang to the South Tour: "Without Zhong Ni, disciples are scattered in all directions." Did everything wrong? Xianxue: "Book Raiders, learn to speak, gather disciples, serve documents, and discuss." Liang Qichao's "The General Trend of China's Academic Thought Change": "Those who create a theory need disciples to spread it to others, but those who lose thousands of miles will never stop."

Students, apprentices, apprentices and artists: "Students" refer to students and disciples. Guo Moruo in Appendicitis? The article "A Great Lesson" said: "My own understanding of the economy is only a primary school student, and my views are certainly not counted. "'students' refers to students who study Chinese studies and state and county studies." Northern history? Preface to The Scholars: "Set up imperial academy, set up a doctor of the Five Classics, and have more than one student." "Apprentice" refers to a person who studies under a teacher. "Artist" refers to a student who studies with a master.

Dolly: The same teacher will have different students. Han Ying's Biography of Han Poetry Volume 7: "Those who love peaches and plums in spring get shade in summer and autumn is true;" Those who stab the spring tree cannot take their leaves in summer and get their thorns in autumn. " In other words, if you plant peaches and plums in spring, you will reap green, cool and fruitful fruits; When you plant tribulus in spring, you can't pick its leaves, but you can only get thorns. Later, people used "peaches and plums" as a metaphor for students who were trained and recommended talents. So today we often hear: "peaches and plums are everywhere", "peaches and plums are everywhere" and so on.

High feet and high feet: it is a courtesy title for other students. It is said that horses were divided into three classes in the Han Dynasty: high-footed, middle-footed and low-footed. "Gaozu" is a first-class fast horse, also called "Shangzu". People compare "high-footed" and "high-footed" to "a talented student" as a courtesy to other students.

Kid: "kid" is the address of elders to younger generations, and it can also be used as the address of teachers to students. The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo has a famous saying: "What is a boy?" > & gt

Question 5: What were the names of ancient schools in China? It is an ancient folk education institution in China. At first, it was only a local educational institution, which first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The formal education system was founded by Zhu and developed in the Song Dynasty. At first, rich children and scholars raised money by themselves, built study rooms in secluded places in the mountains, or bought study fields to collect rent to supplement the funds. At that time, the famous academies were Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, Goose Lake Academy in Shangrao, Jiangxi, Shigushan Shigu Academy in Hengyang, Hunan, and Songyang Academy in Taishishan, Dengfeng, Henan. Imperial academy is an ancient national university in China. The name of imperial academy began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The names of universities in Xia, Shang and Zhou are different. During the Five Emperors, the University was named, in the summer, and in the Shang Dynasty, located in the western suburbs of Luoyi City.

Imperial college. It is the central official school in ancient China after the Sui Dynasty, and the highest institution in the ancient education system in China, also known as Guo Zi School or Guo Zi Temple.

Private school is a private preschool education institution established in families, clans or villages in ancient China. It is a private school in the old days, with Confucianism as the core and an important part of private school.

Question 6: What does the ancient university primary school mean? There were primary schools and universities in ancient times. Poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music are the learning contents in universities, while the teaching contents in primary schools are textual exegesis, so primary schools have become another name for philology. Hanshu? Yi said, "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so Zhou Guan protected his country and taught six books, which were called pictograms, images, images, sounds, notes and characters." It can be seen that primary school is the basic education of ancient students, and the mastery of primary school will affect a person's later knowledge development.

When we interpret the classic Great Learning, we have already mentioned some ancient education in Xue Ji in the last article. Here, let's take a look at the ancient universities and primary schools in China.

Modern people go to primary school first, then to middle school and then to college. Ancient people also went to primary school first, and then to university (Thailand). At that time, there was no concept of middle school, and there was no school at this level.

Records show that formal schools appeared in the Xia Dynasty in China. "Mencius? Teng Wengong: "Let's call it Xueji, Preface and Xuetang to teach it. If you are embarrassed, give it up. Learn and teach. Order, shoot also. Xia Yue School, Yin Yuexiu, Zhou Yueyao, and scholarship are shared by three generations, which is why people in the Ming Dynasty are also moral. Excellent personnel relations, close to Wang. If there is a king, he will take the law, and this is for the king. "

Although there are only 67 words, the content is very rich. Here's an explanation:

1. Historical origin and evolution. The appearance of schools can be traced back to the distant Xia Dynasty. Its evolution is that the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties continued to run schools.

2. Name and meaning. Although these three generations have schools, their names are different. Xia was named "school", which means "teaching". Yin takes "preface" as the name, which means "shooting". "Zhou's name is Fafa", which means "keeping". Although the names are different, they are essentially teaching books, educating people and enlightening. Wang Niansun's "Guangya Shuzheng": "Training for education and training for shooting are all the names of teaching."

3. The level of the school. "East", "Xu" and "School" are all the names of village schools, that is, they are all local schools. "Learning from it runs in the family" means "university", which means that as for universities, all three generations are called "learning".

4. The nature and tasks of the school. Three generations are consistent, that is, to "understand human feelings" through study and education, and to make people's feelings clear. What is "human relations"? It is the moral principle of interpersonal relationship. The ancients believed that the five relationships, father and son, monarch and minister, husband and wife, old and young, and friends, were the most important and unchangeable in society and must be handled according to certain norms, so they were called "human relations" and "ethics". Like Mencius? Teng Wengong said: People are human because they have their own way of being human. If they are full, warm and comfortable, but have no education, then they are close to animals. The sages first considered this point, so they took Qi as Stuart and taught people: "Father and son are related, the monarch and the minister are righteous, the couple are different, the young and the old talk, and friends are trustworthy." (This sentence comes from Mencius)

5. The function and value of interpersonal relationship in Ming Dynasty. First, if the upper class, such as princes and doctors, understand human relations, then the lower class will be harmonious and United. This constitutes a harmonious society. Secondly, if a holy king rises, he will definitely come to learn from the scriptures, and this will become the teacher of the holy king. Although the latter sentence is aimed at Teng Wengong, it also shows the important universal value of "human relations in the Ming Dynasty". For example, Zhu's "Mencius on Justice": "Although Tengguo is small, although benevolent, it may not be prosperous; But if you are Julian Waghann, although there is no world, its brilliance is enough to reach the world. "

Let's talk about ancient primary schools, which refer to schools that provide primary education for children and adolescents. There were primary schools in the Western Zhou Dynasty, formerly called Xia Long, Xu Xi and Zuoxu. The name has changed since then. For example, there are four government-run schools and built-in primary schools, and private schools include libraries and township schools.

Elementary School also has a story. Because children have to learn to read and write in primary school, the Han Dynasty called philology "primary school". For example, Hanshu? The Records of Arts and Literature has included "ten small and forty-five articles" by Cang Xie and Fan Jiang. Later, as a linguistic term, the connotation of "primary school" is also expanding. For example, after Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the appearance of rhyme books, phonology was also classified as "primary school". After the Tang Dynasty, exegetics was also classified as "primary school". "Primary school" became the general name of philology, phonology and exegetics, which was used until the late Qing Dynasty. Zhang, a master of Chinese studies, thinks that the name of "primary school" is not exact and advocates changing its name to linguistics and philology. "Primary school" is a difficult traditional knowledge, and it is not easy to master it. Lutetium ... >>

Question 7: What did the ancients call a teacher? An ancient title of respect for a teacher, especially an old private school.

A title of respect for a teacher.

Special names for ancient foreign teachers.

Doctor, the classic teacher is called doctor. In the Tang Dynasty, professional schools were divided into doctor of law, doctor of arithmetic and doctor of calligraphy.

Professors used to be called academic officials. Since the Song Dynasty, professors have been set up in Song studies, law, medicine, martial arts and other disciplines to teach them, and later generations have followed suit.

A teacher who teaches martial arts or explains classics is called a lecturer.

Name of the ancient academic officer of the teaching assistant. Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty set up a teacher in Xianning for four years to assist and teach his disciples with doctors. The Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty were established along the same border. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Zi School, imperial academy, Wenguang Museum and four schools all had teaching assistants. Imperial academy was the only teaching assistant in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was a teacher at Guo Zi School (later imperial academy).

The titles of primary school and martial arts school teachers set in the capital of Song Dynasty were still set in county schools in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Teachers elected to Forestry College in Ming Dynasty are called teachers, teachers, teachers, teachers and teachers.

After the Han Dynasty, teachers who taught Confucian classics in schools or schools were called Confucian classics.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the government set up professors, the state set up schools and the county set up schools to educate students. Their deputies are called discipline.

In ancient times, Mr. Wang was a respectful name for middle-aged and elderly teachers in public libraries and private schools.

Teacher was originally the title of primary school teacher in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Question 8: What are the different names of ancient schools in different periods? For example, the place to study is usually called.

Itchy, pie, Yao, Zhou. In the Zhou dynasty, private schools were just established, and the people who set up private schools were generally princes and tycoons. In order to cultivate talents, they are called "Gong Xue", and more famous is the "Xia Ji" of Qi. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and subsequent dynasties, there were similar "societies of learning", "societies of writing" and "societies of poetry". After the Song Dynasty, the "Academy" prevailed and became a place for students to study as opposed to "Taiyuan". Of course, most of the ancient scholars also lived in temples and Taoist temples (I feel that the ancients paid great attention to the study of Confucian classics), so the places where students lived also had some similar tastes. As for the place to eat, according to the literature of the Ming Dynasty, the teachers at that time didn't care about meals-they went to school to beg others and had to find their own hotels (send horses to Dongyang). Generally speaking, the ancients named their learning-related buildings with elegant names, such as this hall, that hall or that pavilion (Wenyuan Pavilion).

As for the teachers' association, this is even more complicated: during the Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended. At that time, people surnamed Zi were often very powerful, but they were not the gentle scholars we imagined. Many of them are violent worships, such as Mohist, Lu Ban, strategists and strategists. Mohism itself has a record of fighting for "refusal". Although Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism do not advocate "the warfare", the academic circles are also "tense" and vilify each other. Confucianism itself later scored eight points, which is a mess anyway. Therefore, there was always a struggle meeting at that time, and there were many discussions about Confucian classics and laws in Taoist temples (Buddhism only rose in China at the end of Han Dynasty).

Question 9: Ancient primary schools and universities were separate universities.

Ancient times: a group of people gathered in a specific place to spread and absorb advanced knowledge.

Book of rites? Wang Zhi: "The primary school is on the left of Gonggong South, and the university is in the suburbs." "Dai Dai"? Fu Bao: "How can you go to college and study? Hey, it's a big holiday. Lu argued: "The university is to the east of the palace." . Tie your hair is called Chengzi. "Lv Hou? "Rites and Music" records: "The kings in ancient times took education as their major task, established universities to teach the country, and made urgent orders to change the city. "

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Primary school (primary school)

There was a primary school in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China. Previously, they were called Xia Long, Xixiu and Zuoxue. Later, the name was different. Official schools are like four small schools and small schools at home, while private schools are like libraries and rural schools. Modern primary schools began at the end of 19. "Dai Dai"? Fu Bao: "Ancient people left home at the age of eight. They studied small arts and performed small tasks." Lu argued in the Northern Zhou Dynasty: "A primary school student is also a tiger teacher ..." Legend of the White Tiger said: He entered primary school at the age of eight and entered university at the age of fifteen. This is a gift from the prince. "The Great Biography of Shangshu" said: Prince Gong Qing, the son of the doctor Yuan, began to enter primary school at the age of thirteen, and saw the festival and did a little righteousness; At the age of 20, he entered the university, saw the festival and practiced righteousness. This gentleman's admission period is also. He also said: 15 years into primary school, 18 years into college is called underachiever, 15 years into primary school, 18 years into college is called underachiever. "Neize" said: People who spend ten years staring at the outside world, staying outside and learning books and tactics are said to teach their children at home in full view. Song and Zhu's Preface to University Chapters and Sentences: "When you were eight years old, all your children, from princes to princes, went to primary schools and taught you to sweep, cope, advance and retreat, be polite, be happy, shoot, resist, write and count." Autobiography of Shen Congwen? A lesson from the Revolution of 1911: "The new primary school was established around the third year of New China, and I entered the new primary school in the fourth year of New China."

In Han dynasty, philology was called primary school. Because children learn Chinese characters before entering primary school, they get the name. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the general name of philology, exegetics and phonology. Hanshu? Yi: "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so Zhou Guan kept a family and taught six books, which were called image number, image, image, sound, note and character." Sui Shu? Primary schools began to compile classic yearbooks, including works on writing, exegetics and phonology. Lu Xun's letters? To Cao Juren: "Mr. Taiyan once taught me primary school."