What kind of person is Han Laoliu in Zhou Libo's Storm?

Han Laoliu is a bully landlord in the land reform novel The Storm. What kind of evil law? At the beginning of the novel, I borrowed a passage from my old grandson: "(After the Japanese withdrew, everyone in Yuanmaotun went to pick up foreign workers, and my old grandson's wife complained that he didn't go-attention of readers). In less than half a month, Han Laoliu pulled up a large platoon and collected foreign horses, guns, guns, cloth, pots and pans, and everything. It is said that the Japanese son lost something, and the official called him Han Feng to take charge of the pipeline industry. If you don't pay, you will be tied to the Han family courtyard and your ass will fly. " Interestingly, despite pulling the team into the village, Lao Suntou still dared not answer questions about Han Laoliu, showing how horrible Han Laoliu was.

Then, Han Laoliu appeared. Look at this introduction: "Han Fengqi, who is famous far and near, has seven brothers. He is the sixth. He is forty-seven years old. He is thin and bald because he smokes too much. He looks over fifty. People call him Liu Ye to his face and Han Laoliu behind his back, also known as Han Daban. During the Puppet Manchukuo era, he worked as a village head, urging himself to rent grain in autumn, urging Japanese children to get flax and urging grape leaves. He often carries a big stick and raises his hand when he meets someone who doesn't like to see or hear. The next night, when he was shopping in the street, he put the stick outside the door of the bitch who sold the big kang, and others were afraid to go in again. The reputation of Han Daban spread. " Relying on the support of the Japanese and the Central Army, violent solicitation and even violent prostitution are indeed a bit bullying.

As a landlord, how much property does Han Laoliu have? Let's talk about the house first. This black gatehouse is a gatehouse with four feet on the ground and a one-stop roof. The gate was wrapped in iron, and nails were nailed to it layer by layer. The house is surrounded by crops and gardens. Under the high wall of gray bricks, there are wicker barriers and water cities. At the four corners of the house are four towering turrets, dark holes, staring at the huts and driveways of the village like monster eyes, as well as the surrounding cars and horses. " Needless to say, the Han Family Courtyard stands out among the thatched cottages in the whole village, and it is a top mansion. Let's talk about Mu again. Du, Tang Guazi and Han Laoliu are sworn brothers. "They are also called Yuan Maotun three families. Count the land in Bentun and their land in the north of the river. All three of them have good land of more than 1000 mu (one mu is equal to 15 mu-introducer's attention), not counting all roads and yellow buns. " More than 15 thousand mu alone is enough for a big landlord. Finally, "floating objects" mean that gold and silver are thin and soft. "His two rubber-tyred carts have been busy for six days, one hanging in the county seat and the other hanging on a slope. The floating object has moved by half, and there is still half left. " "In the courtyard of the North Korean compound, under the horse pens and woodpiles, pickaxes and shovels dig stones and sand until chickens crow. At dawn, someone saw a rubber-tyred car full of rattan boxes and sacks, and four horses pulled it to the west gate. " By the way, "there are twenty horses in Han Laoliu's stable, all of which are fat and strong."

Having a house, land and treasure, being ruthless and bullying, Han Laoliu in the novel is worthy of being a "bully landlord". But this Han Laoliu in the novel is far from the prototype in reality, and can be said to be two completely different people.

In Yang Kuisong's Some Problems in the Study of the History of the Chinese Communist Party's Land Reform, he found: "The worst landlord in the village in the novel, Han Laoliu, is actually not a landlord at all. He only knows two words, so he is the president of the maintenance society during the Anti-Japanese War. To say what evil he did, the villagers couldn't tell. Everyone just said that Han Laoliu had neither land nor any exploitation. At best, he is only a second landlord, that is, he helps to sublet the land of the landlord living in the city to some poor people in the village, and there is no income. He also works in the field, and his wife is a primary school teacher in the village (in the novel, Han Laoliu has a first wife and a second wife). He teaches music and so on. Going home every day is just like making money to supplement the family. The farmers said that at that time, Han Lao's six families were very poor, with only three small adobe houses, which could not compare with the most shabby houses used by the poorest people in the village today. "

Yang Kuisong's narrative comes from the documentary Storm, which shows the true story of Yuanbao Village, Yuanbao Town, Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province, where Zhou Libo participated in the land reform. The interviewed farmers, landlords and land reform team members all have it, and the authenticity is no problem.

Then, why did Zhou Libo, who claimed that even imagination should proceed from reality, create a typical bully landlord almost out of thin air? I didn't find his direct statement, and probably no one raised this question at that time, but I can find some explanations indirectly from his creative talk.

According to his book "Some Ideas Now-Creation of the Next Volume" (Zhou Libo's Research Materials), "I consulted all the materials before writing. ..... Later, I will study the documents of the Central Committee and the Northeast Bureau, and recall the joint meeting of county books held by Songjiang Provincial Committee and many meetings of district and village cadres. With the instruction and help of these documents and meetings, the materials and ideas were re-examined, and they were improperly deleted and not supplemented enough. "

In other words, what to write and how to write it are all based on the document and the spirit of the meeting. The so-called central document mainly refers to the May 4th directive (that is, the "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Directive on Land Issues" issued on May 4th, 1946). "Storm" is about "the incident that the Northeast Bureau mobilized 12,000 cadres to go to the countryside to carry out land reform after the May 4th directive of the Central Committee arrived in Northeast China" (see how to write it). The novel also reveals this point through Captain Xiao's Thoughts on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's May 4th Instruction and Songjiang Provincial Party Committee's Report. This document uses the words "don't be afraid" (one of which is "don't be afraid of the landlord's shouting and cursing"), and requires party committees at all levels to "resolutely support all just claims and actions of farmers" and "lead the masses to complete the land reform and consolidate the mass base in the liberated areas".

It is not difficult to imagine how Zhou Libo, who respects the instructions of the central authorities and even wants to use novels to guide his work, could not set up a vicious object of struggle for such a vigorous mass movement. Otherwise, it goes without saying that "abolishing the feudal system for thousands of years will lead to a storm".

Of course, the above inference can only show that the existence of the bully landlord Han Laoliu conforms to the author's logic. It is also necessary to ask whether there is such a bully landlord in the northeast (obviously, Zhou Libo is not only a bully landlord, but also a typical one).

There is a passage in the Instruction of the Northeast Bureau on Deepening the Land Struggle of the Masses (129 August 946): "The big traitors, bullies, landlords and stubborn bandits are the feudal fortresses in the countryside and the main social foundation of the Kuomintang reactionaries. We must mobilize the masses to concentrate their firepower. First, we must resolutely fight against them, distribute their land and even confiscate their property, but we must still treat their families. This should be the typical policy basis for Zhou Libo to shape Han Laoliu.

The Storm is set in Shangzhi and Wuchang counties. At present, we can't find the information of landlords in two counties, but we may refer to the situation in founder county, where founder county belongs to the northern Manchu region. Although different areas of China (such as Northeast China and South China) occupy different areas, they are still relatively close in a certain area. "According to relevant statistics, landlords in founder county account for 5.5% of the rural population in the county, occupying more than 23,600 hectares of land, accounting for 6 1.2% of the total cultivated land in the county, of which 109 households occupy more than 0/00 hectares of land, and individual landlords occupy more than 200 hectares of land, accounting for more than 90% of the rural population. (The analysis of founder county's land occupation and characteristics before the land reform is included in Selected Works of the Northern Manchu Revolutionary Base) Considering that the landlord will also take over part of the land of the Japanese pioneer group, it will occupy more land. Of course, there is still a considerable distance from Han Laoliu's land of more than 1,000 meters. Perhaps "merging into one", including "taking over" the land of several landlords into one landlord, is always typical?

In this way, there is no problem with the relative concentration of land, but only the degree of concentration. As for fortresses like the Han family compound, there are also many. For example, the "Tianshunguang" Lao Wang family in Nantianmen District of founder county, "built a brick wall more than 3 meters high, with forts at the four corners, guarded by more than 20 gunners day and night. The Japanese puppet troops and bandits attacked the Nantianmen area and fought twice before they were broken "(ibid.). Not only that, Yin Dianrong, the landlord of Nantianmen District, and Tang Erleng, Hui Faheng and Daliudian, the landlords of the great historian Waizi, also contacted bandits in order not to be robbed. During the puppet Manchukuo period, the landlord organized a group of armed forces called self-defense groups, which were subordinate to the puppet county government. There is nothing wrong with saying that landlords collude with Japanese puppet troops and bandits. There are also many cases where landlords bully others and seize land. Yu Taihe, the landlord of Yujiatun in Nantianmen District, and his third brother, who was an official in Tonghe Street, occupied Changweiguan (the name of Jiang Xindao) of Liuwang Lake in Taiping Mountain. Liu Jiali's struggle failed, his father was very angry, and his son became a bandit, waiting for revenge (ditto). The so-called power, one is power, the other is force, and the "Korean stick" may be regarded as a symbol of force supported by power.

At this point, it may be concluded that there must be some so-called bully landlords like Han Laoliu, even typical, but they wronged the real Han Laoliu.

At the end of the article "The Image of the Landlord in Revolutionary Novels", I wrote: "There must be a so-called bully landlord like Han Laoliu, even typical, but he wronged the real Han Laoliu."

The so-called real Han Laoliu refers to Han Laoliu presented in the documentary The Storm. "He has neither land nor exploitation, but at best he is just a second landlord", not to mention what evil he has done. Recently, I checked the information at hand and found that the prototype of Han Laoliu can be discussed again.

According to the book The First Village of Land Reform Culture in China (edited by the Propaganda Department of Shangzhi Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China). , published internally, 2003 edition), "The prototype of Han Laoliu's life is called Han Xiangyang, with a long word (a word called Maochun-cited note), and his cousin ranks sixth. He has more than forty acres of land, lives in three huts made of brick walls and grass, and has three laborers, four horses and a carriage. He used to be the head of Yuanbao administrative village (equivalent to the present township), and later took refuge in the Japanese and became the president of the Japan-Manchuria Association, specializing in Japanese-Chinese goodwill and educating people about slavery. After Japan surrendered, he became the president of maintenance. His means of exploitation and extortion are exorbitant taxes and fees, as well as extortion in the process of "delivering grain" and "delivering labor". He looks very much like Han Laoliu in the book: tall, with a long face, usually wearing a robe and carrying a horse stick in his hand, hypocritical and treacherous. He does have two wives. They got married after Han Laoliu's original wife died. They are all tailors, regardless of age. Older bald people usually wrap their heads with headscarves; The younger ones were more attractive, and later they became primary school teachers under the influence of men. He does have a daughter and two sons. After the People's Liberation Army entered Yuanbao Town, Han Laoliu felt that the momentum was wrong. He took the opportunity to' run his beard' and ran to Harbin, where he later died. " (See "Talking about Characters and Life Prototype")

Compared with the image of Han Laoliu studied in Yang Kuisong's "Some Problems in the Study of the History of Land Reform of the Communist Party of China" mentioned in the last article, there are three things basically the same: the family has three rooms, the president is the president, and the wife is the teacher, but the land, horses, cars, employees and exploitation and extortion are different. Of course, even so, Han Laoliu is really not a big landlord. If there is evil, it is abuse of power for personal gain.

The article "Han Lao Liu's Family Culture" in this book gives a more detailed introduction to Han Xiangyang. In addition to three rooms (white walls and blue bricks, orderly furnishings), there are also mills, granaries, pigsty, stables, garages and sundries warehouses, covering an area of nearly 1,000 square meters, surrounded by earth walls, with neat gatehouses and copper ring doorknobs on Korean pine doors. On the east side of Han Zhai is the pseudo-administrative office where Han Laoliu works. There are five blue brick houses and some wing rooms with vegetation structure. Han Laoliu does know a few words, and there are thread-bound books such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Warring States Policy, Jiuhua Jisheng, Zhouyi and Kangxi Dictionary at home.

One of Han Laoliu's great hobbies is writing couplets. For example, in 1938, when the Japanese pioneer group entered Yuanbao Village, he wrote such a couplet: "The imperial army will tear down the low walls and build high walls, and the pioneer group will build brick houses in the old houses and build new houses", and the horizontal approval is "Emperor's kindness". Han Laoliu also instructed his handsome wife to mix with Japanese officers, traitors and bandits, so he suspected that the child he gave birth to was not his own and drowned. In view of the frequent wars, Han Laoliu had the idea of moving to a metropolis, bought real estate in Mudanjiang, Harbin and other places, and had no intention of building a deep house compound in Yuanbao Village. Perhaps because of this, the Anti-Japanese League broke into Yuanbao Village several times, and Han Laoliu was saved from being killed as a ruined landlord. On the eve of the land reform, Han Laoliu fled, everything in the house was scattered, and the walls and barns were demolished, leaving three brick huts.

Judging from the above two articles, the prototype of Han Laoliu is not as rich as Han Laoliu in the novel, nor is it full of crimes. For example, there is no human life in his hand (as much as 17 in the novel), but he runs amok and takes the opportunity to do evil. In other words, it's neither so bad nor so good.

Of course, novels are not documentaries, and images are not equal to prototypes. Han Laoliu in the novel is the result of "all kinds of confusion". Quoting the "people and life prototype" in Talking about Articles, he said: "Han Laoliu's book ... is different from Han Laoliu's life, and the writer has done a lot of enrichment and expansion work. The characteristics of petty officials, landlords and foreign slaves in other places are reflected in him. This is the consistent practice of the local landlord Jia, who let out to get the bonus and trick the long-term workers. This is a despicable trick of Gong, the labor director, to seize labor, extort money from the people, and bully men and women. Inviting the Japanese to manage the land for the Japanese is willing to be foreign slaves. This is what the local landlords did to Ye Zi (the scene of fighting Han Laoliu in the book is based on the situation of fighting Ye Zi-the author's note) ... This kind of rich arrogance turned Han Laoliu, a feudal landlord with a slightly bureaucratic atmosphere, into a bureaucrat, landlord and foreign slave, and let him live in the Black Gate House and have a group of friends.

As a whole, Han Laoliu does not have a complete counterpart in reality, but it is not difficult to find a one-to-one correspondence between several elements concentrated in him. I said that "there must be a so-called bully landlord like Han Laoliu, and even there is no lack of typicality", which should be understood in this sense, or it can be regarded as a kind of self-correction by the author.

By the way, Han Laoliu did have two minions, Han He, who were later killed by the democratic coalition forces. The prototype of Han Laowu and Han Laoqi is not Han Laoliu's brother, but just the same surname. Seven Korean brothers, all bandits, attacked Yuanbao Village three times, but Han Laoliu was not damaged in the war because of his collusion. The old seven of the Han brothers, the real Korean old seven, is called Han Xiguang. After fleeing to Daqingdingzi, I had close contact with Han Laoliu at the foot of the mountain. Those who don't know the inside story really think they are brothers.

I hope the landlord will adopt it