On Wang Anshi's Classical Chinese

1. When Wang Anshi was prime minister, Xiao Shizi, a relative of his wife's family, visited Wang Anshi, and Wang Anshi invited him to dinner.

The next day, Xiao's son dressed up and thought he would give a banquet to invite Wang Anshi. At noon, I feel very hungry, but I dare not leave.

It was a long time before Wang Anshi booked a seat. These dishes are all gone.

Xiao's son secretly blamed Wang Anshi. I drank a few glasses of wine, served two Hu cakes, and then some meat.

Dinner is about to start, and there is only a vegetable soup next to it. Xiao's son is arrogant.

Don't put down your chopsticks, just eat a small part of the Hu cake, leaving all the edges. Wang Anshi ate the remaining four sides for himself. The youngest son felt ashamed and went back.

2. There are many classical Chinese writings describing Wang Anshi's life. In terms of official history, you can refer to the History of Song Dynasty compiled by Yuan Dynasty, among which the 86th biography is Wang Anshi's biography, which is too long to be attached.

After Wang Anshi's death, as a generation of famous officials and literati, writers and even famous artists who wrote inscriptions, epitaphs and biographies for him in past dynasties have been in an endless stream. Unfortunately, most of them are short sentences, which are scattered. As far as classical Chinese is concerned, Liang Qichao wrote The Biography of Wang Anshi in the late Qing Dynasty.

Wang Anshi (1021-1086) was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Linchuan, Jiangxi). Wang Anshi is not only a great politician, but also a great writer. Lenin once called him "1 1 century China reformer". His prose is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". I also do poetry, and my achievements are more in prose. His ci has a unique style, which cleansed the five generations of lead China and opened the voice of the uninhibited.

3. The classical Chinese "Wang Anshi".

[Song] Wang Anshi

original text

In Wuli, Chu Shi, some people are good at telling the fate of the nobles and the poor, or inviting them and giving them a speech. He repeated his invitation day after day and said to him, "The husband is expensive, and the heaven is also good. I did what I had to do. I can know what I have done; What is heaven doing? Am I lonely? My saint? Can you be a secretary? Then there is something inherent in Wanzhong. Unfortunately, if you are poor and cheap, it's time. I am not virtuous? Can't you be a public official? There is nothing to apologize for eating bean soup. If you are lucky enough to be rich, you will be accused. I know this. There is no doubt that which one is better than the other? And fortune, the gentleman put it outside. A gentleman must be benevolent when he lives, righteous when he acts, and blessed when he opposes benevolence and righteousness. A gentleman does not have it. A gentleman disdains the evil of benevolence and righteousness. Therefore, King Wen was imprisoned, Confucius was afraid of Kuang, and the wisdom of saints was also doomed. The existence of the road is embarrassing. "

Confucius said, "Those who think they are cheap do it in heaven, while those who are cheap in the world do it in heaven." He said, "No, man can't be integrated with heaven. Being born in heaven enables saints to rule saints, so saints should be expensive, saints should be cheap, and heaven is also. People who choose to do things are called people. Heaven and man are one, the sage is expensive, and no one is cheap. If the way between heaven and man is contrary, the sage is cheap and unworthy. If the way between heaven and man is contrary, the sage will be corrupt or expensive or cheap. In the Yao and Shun era, Yuan Kai used it with the Four Fierces, which was the unity of heaven and man. In an unruly world, Fei Lian then retired from Sanren, which is a contradiction between heaven and man. From the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was a contradiction between the way of heaven and man. God forbid, people can't be together. Therefore, in order to fulfill life, a gentleman takes keeping the Tao as his own responsibility and cultivates himself. When it comes to fortune, he cannot be depressed. The son is not good at benevolence and trust, and the crumbs refuse to talk about it, not to drown it! "

translate

Wu has a fortune teller who knows people's fate. I was asked to ask him this kind of question, but I refused. Later, someone asked me the same question, and I replied, "The nobility or inferiority of identity is something God does. Being talented and not being talented are all I can do. I can only know what I can do; Am I the only one who doesn't know what God has done? Am I virtuous? Do I have enough moral character to be a government official? If so, then you should enjoy ten thousand minutes' salary. If you are unfortunately poor and humble, it is luck. Am I not talented enough? Is my virtue not enough to be listed as a public official? If so, there will be a lot of benefits to enjoy. If you are lucky enough to be rich and honorable, it is a sin. These are undoubtedly what I can know. How can they be the same as other things? Besides, fortune and misfortune are things that gentlemen ignore. A gentleman should be benevolent at ordinary times and do things with justice. If it violates benevolence and righteousness, it will be rewarded, but the gentleman does not possess it. A gentleman doesn't worry about doing righteous things. So Zhou Wenwang was once jailed, and Confucius was once trapped in Kuang Di (but they all got out of trouble in the end). Can't the wisdom of saints get them out of trouble? This is probably because the avenue is working. "

The man asked, "Do you think the nobility or inferiority of status is something God does?". However, are those who are virtuous but humble, and those who are incompetent but noble, also arranged by God? " I replied, "No, it's just that what people do can't be consistent with what God arranged." It is God's arrangement that people like us are sent down to let talented people govern those who have no virtue. Therefore, talented people should have a noble position, and people without virtue should have a humble position. This is heaven. Choosing action is the so-called "humanity" (that is, doing your best). If "heaven" is consistent with "man", then there will be a situation in which the virtuous person has a lofty position and the immoral person has a humble position; If "heaven" deviates from "man", then there will be a situation in which people with virtue are humble and those without virtue are lofty; If "heaven" and "humanity" deviate from each other and are half-identical, then there will be a situation in which good and evil are divided or which is lighter. In the Yao-Shun era, Yuan Kai was reused and four murderers were killed, which was in line with "Heaven" and "Humanity". In the era of rebellion, Fei Lian was hired and Sanren was demoted, which was a departure from "Heaven" and "Man". Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, the status of sages and villains has been noble or humble, and the deviation and agreement between "heaven" and "man" has accounted for half. The fate arranged by God is certain and unchangeable, and people's fortune may not be completely consistent with it. Therefore, a gentleman cultivates himself to meet his destiny, and insists on "Heaven" to meet his destiny. The arrival of wealth and misfortune cannot be stopped by manpower. You are not committed to cultivating righteousness, but busy and willing to be so absurd. Is it too limited? "

4. The name of Wang Anshi's classical Chinese is a sentence in Zhu Bian's Poem of the Romantic Hall in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The full text is as follows

When Wang was in the pavilion, he lived in and was adjacent to Song Dao House. Since I am the ancestor of my father, I have the most books. Fu Jie borrows Tang poems to read every day. People passing by will record it by hand, and they will record all the years. Or, it's called Selected Poems of a Hundred Schools. This is not the original intention, but the preface says: "It is very meaningful not to choose Du Fu, Li and Han to retire." . ) is a thick lie and deceives the world. I don't know who Li, Du and Han retired, but there are still more than twenty generations, including Yuan, Bai, Meng De, Liu Changqing and so on. From this point of view, Fu Jie cannot be falsely accused, but how can the world be bullied? Cover yourself.

It is not Wang Anshi's.

5. Wang Anshi's Reform in Classical Chinese Original: The emperor wanted to use An Shi, and Tang said, "An Shi can't be a great leader." The emperor said: "literature can't be held? Won't you be a classic? " Jie said, "An Shi is studious and stuffy, so his theory is pedantic. If he goes into politics, he will change a lot. " The emperor disagreed, but took An Shi as a participant in politics, saying, "People don't know the Qing Dynasty, but they know the classics, but they don't know the things in the world." An Shi said: "Legislation is the reason why Founder is in a hurry." Is the operation not credible? Can't you trust official affairs? Tang Jie replied: "An Shi is studious, but he is old-fashioned." . In the previous discussion, his ideas and actions were unrealistic. If he becomes an official, his policies will certainly change frequently. The emperor didn't agree, and finally (or) appointed Wang Anshi as a political participant, and said to (Wang Anshi), "Others don't know you, thinking that they only know Confucian classics and mathematics, but don't know the world events. Wang Anshi said: "It is urgent to change the current atmosphere, etiquette and habits and promulgate new laws." The emperor adopted (his opinion).

When Wang Anshi was prime minister, Xiao's son, a relative of his wife's family, went to Beijing and met Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi invited him to have dinner together. The next day, Xiao's son wore gorgeous clothes and thought that Wang Anshi would prepare rich food (to entertain him). At noon, the younger son felt very hungry, but he was afraid to leave. It was a long time before Wang Anshi asked him to sit down. All kinds of dishes are not ready, and men are already very strange about it. After drinking a few glasses of wine, he served two Hu cakes, and then four pieces of meat were cut into pieces. After a while, dinner came, and a bowl of vegetable soup was put aside. Xiao's son is arrogant and indulgent. He stopped using chopsticks, only ate a small portion of Hu cake, and the rest was all noodles. Wang Anshi brought it for himself to eat. Daughter-in-law's relatives (1) Xiao's sons (2) to (4) of (3) paid tribute (6) on business (5) and had a dinner (7). The next day (8), Xiao's son left in a full suit, which means that the public will be satisfied (9). Men (14) have always been puzzled (15). There are three lines of wine (16), two pieces of Hu cakes for the first time and four pig heads for the second time (17). The meal is served immediately and put aside (18). Leave it around (23). The person who took the food was ashamed of it and withdrew. (1) relatives of daughter-in-law. (2) The son of Xiao: the son of Xiao. (3) Go: Go. (4) Shi Jing: Beijing. (5) Cause: By the way. (6) visit. (7) meals: meals. (8) the next day: the next day. (9)zhàn: Prepare food. (10. Person: refers to Xiao's son (15) Strange: I think it's strange. (16) Third-line wine: refers to how many glasses of wine I have drunk. (17) luán: meat cut into small pieces. (18) setting. Very. (2 1) complex: again. (22) chopsticks. (23) eat. Next to: next to. (25) eat. (26) One: Pronouns refer to Hu cakes (26)

7. In February of the second year of Wang Anshi's biography, he visited the Senate and learned about politics. He said: "No one can know Qing, thinking that Qing knows what is going on in the world." An Shi said to him: "Scripture is the principle of managing world affairs, but the so-called Confucian scholars in later generations are mostly mediocre, so secular people think that Scripture cannot be applied to world affairs." He asked, "But everything that Qing did was well-founded." An Shi said: "It is the most urgent task to legislate to change customs." He thinks so. So he set up a three-department planning department and put Chen Shengzhi, who knew the Privy Council, in charge. An Shi put his party Lv Huiqing in charge of this matter. However, farmland water conservancy and young crops have all been lost, and the battles of Jiabao, Exemption from Service, Yishi, Protecting Horse and Tianfang have been promoted one after another. The number is the new law and officials are appointed. An Shi recommended Lv Gongzhu to take his place. Han Qi remonstrated with him, and when the emperor realized that he wanted to go with him, An Shi begged him to go. Sima guang replied to the imperial edict, saying that "the scholars are boiling and the people are in chaos." An Shi was angry and defended himself. The emperor was afraid of politely declining, so Lv Huiqing ordered him to stay. An Shi thanked him because it was said that Chinese and foreign ministers and officials were involved. Therefore, it is more important than the customs of the world, and the weight of customs is the customs of the world; Your majesty's weight means that all the people in the world belong to your majesty. Power and matter are more important than matter. Although it is a matter of fate, the increased loss is only two baht. Today, the adulterer wants to defeat the former Wang Zhengdao, so what your majesty did depressed him. Therefore, when your majesty is fighting against the vulgar rights, adding two baht will not play much role, and the power of the world has become a vulgar right, which is why he has always believed. "Say no to the parade. Political affairs that I don't understand in .............................................................................................................................................................................." Wang Anshi replied: "Confucian classics is used to deal with government affairs and world affairs, but later many so-called' scholars' were mostly people with vulgar talents, so the world thought that Confucian classics could not help the world." The emperor asked again, "In that case, what is your first administrative measure?" Wang Anshi replied: "It is the most urgent thing to change bad habits and establish laws and regulations." The emperor thinks so. So he set up an organization, added three departments and regulations, and appointed a Bobby Chen, who knew the Privy Council and was in charge of it. Later, the reforms of irrigation and water conservancy, young crops, total loss, Jiabao, exemption from service, Shiyi, Ma Bao and Tianfang began to be implemented one after another, which was called the new law, and more than 40 officials were sent to publicize and recommend various officials. Therefore, the emperor demoted Lu Hui as an official, and Wang Anshi recommended Lv Gongzhu to take his original position. Han Qi's advice was ignored to the emperor, who felt disillusioned and wanted to hear his advice. Wang Anshi asked himself to leave. Sima Guang replied to the resignation letter on behalf of the emperor, which read, "The world is in turmoil with scholars and doctors, and the people are in poverty." Wang Anshi was furious and resisted the imperial edict to defend himself. The emperor humbly comforted him and declined politely. Han Jiang also advised the emperor to keep Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi went to the DPRK to thank him. Therefore, he took the opportunity to tell the emperor about the party affiliation of ministers, officials, Taiwan admonishers and Shila Amzah gangs at home and abroad, and said: "The emperor should follow the right path of the former dynasty and overcome the common customs of the world; Therefore, we should weigh the bad habits in the world. If bad habits prevail, everyone will learn from them that day. If your majesty's power is great, the courtiers will submit to your majesty's control on that day. Power and things are weighed against each other, even if it is crucial, it is only writing money that increases losses. Now, evil people want to undermine the former king's right way of governing the world and hinder his Majesty's actions. Therefore, when the emperor competes for power with popular habits and bad habits, increasing money expenditure will play a very small role, and the power of the world will shift to the side of popular habits and bad habits. This is the new law that will bother you one after another.