Opera music of big cavity opera

The music of Daqiang Opera belongs to the Taoist tune of Yiyang Opera, which combines the folk music of Yong 'an, Youxi and Datian. There are about 60 existing aria tunes, most of which retain their original names, such as "New Water Preface", "One River Wind", "Missing Acacia", "Golden Hall Moon" and "Being in Yun Fei". Some of the original names of Qupai have been lost, and later they were named by artists as Men's and Women's Cards, Heshun Cards, Road Signs, Flower Watching Cards and Playing Fashion Cards. Taoist tunes often appear in the main vocals, such as "Three Religious Tunes" in "Playing Tide" and "Crying Spirit Tune" in "New Water Order". There are also some folk songs, such as "Wu Li Geng" and "Da Bu Gang".

The aria structure is a set of qupai, which fluctuates greatly and has a high tone. The actor's voice is mainly loud, and the big and small voices are combined. During the performance, the backstage continued to help, retaining the characteristics of Yiyang Opera. One person spoke and everyone helped. The rhythm changes in couplets are "scattered-positive-scattered" and "slow-tight-slow". It is a common method to combine several tunes into a new tune by "cutting off the head and leaving the tail off the center" or "leaving the head and tail off the center".

The singing method is characterized by "more words and less cavities", and the melody in the phrase fluctuates greatly, often jumping from octave to ten degrees, often dragging the cavity. The traditional dragging cavity is divided into eighteen boards (commonly known as "full folding") and nine boards (commonly known as "half folding"). Access operators such as "Ya, La, Alas, Look, Oh, Yo" and "Alas-Yi, Yi-Yi" are often added to the trailing cavity or the end of the cavity. Basically, the characteristics of Yiyang opera, such as "no strings tied, gongs and drums to help the festival" and "one person speaks and many people help the opera", have been retained. Most ways to help others are that actors and bands are on the same stage, and help can be divided into word help and cavity help. The word gang has three words, four words and five words. There are also cases where singers sing without help.

The lyrics are mostly in the form of long and short sentences, which belong to Zhongzhou rhyme. Actors use a combination of big and small voices, mainly loud voices, and men and women are in the same palace. The use of sound lines in all walks of life can be summarized as: "Danyin, Shengyang, Dahua Ang; Parents, foreigners? Three flowers sing fast and slow. " It means to use a small voice and speak freely and euphemistically; Singing loud, loud and generous; Dahua sang loudly and passionately with guttural voice; Erhua voice, hoarse vocal cords; Foreigners' nasal sounds are slow and vague; Sanhua sings freely, fast and slow. The troupe of Daqiang Opera is generally composed of 15 people, and the accompaniment instruments are only gongs, drums, cymbals, suona and banjo. Gong and drum is an important part of big cavity music. Tonggu dry singing, backstage help, singing white all use "local Mandarin". Drummers play drums in chairs, sing all the time and play with actors. Including suona playing cards and gongs and drums.

(1) Suona playing cards

There are more than 40 branches, which are divided into eight categories: the opening music includes [Pen Shelf], [Dianjiang] and [Gate]; There are "Hong Xiuxie", "Victory Card", "Going to Xiaolou", "Golden Soup Moon" and so on. Military ceremony music includes "Golden List", "Cantonese Opera", "Five Horses Back to the Dynasty", "stationed in Yun Fei" and "Imperial Decree". There are weeping for love, lazy thrush and thunder dove. Reunion music includes "Worship Reunion", "Eight Bantou" and "Bu Bujiao". There are "Chao Chao", "Gui Gui Order", "New Water Order", "One River Wind" and so on. There are "Little Eight Immortals", "Burning Monty Cave" and "Wind into the Pine" in the divine music. There are "Wang Zijin", "One Book", "Guanyin Zan", "Hundred Buildings", "Guazi Ren", "Fortune Telling Songs" and so on.

(2) Gong and drum classics

In addition to the size, there are [big], [small], [flying drums] and [long drums], as well as [opening gongs and drums], [making eight immortals gongs and drums], [jumping gongs and drums] and [ending gongs and drums] and other procedural ones. There were eight early figures, commonly known as "Eight Immortals" or "Octagonal Boxing", namely Zheng Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Modan, Huada, Hua Er and Ugly. Later, the last corner was added, which was called "four doors and nine clothes". The "four doors" are life, Dan, purity and ugliness. "Nine outfits" are Sansheng, Sandan and Sanhua. "Sansheng" means positive life, small life and two lives (called old life in some places); "Three Danes" are Zheng Dan, Xiao Dan and Fudan; "Three sides" are big flowers, two flowers and three flowers (ugly). Finally, there was a sharp increase in the number of big-mouthed characters: foreigners and Dan Zhan. Generally, the performance theme is "Nine Corners". If trade is not enough, it will be the other way around.

"Four doors and nine costumes" are all performed by actors. Clean and ugly people sing in their own voices (loud voice), Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan sing in fake voices (small voice), and men and women sing in the same tone. However, various industries have certain requirements for intonation and intonation. The formula drawn up by artists is: "Dan Yin, Shengyang, Dahua Ang, Erhuahong, foreigner (old student) Tong (pàn), Sanhua sings fast and sings slowly." Meaning: Xiao Dan speaks euphemistically with a small voice; I use a small voice and my voice is bright and clear; Dahua sang loudly and passionately; Erhua uses her voice, and her voice is prickly; Foreigners sing slowly and vaguely with a nasal voice; When Sanhua sings, there can be fast and slow changes. Daqiang Opera came from Jiangxi and was influenced by religious affairs Dojo in the early days. Therefore, the performance was performed with the ceremony of Taoist priests and wizards doing Dojo. At the same time, because the big-cavity opera used to be mixed with marionettes, it absorbed some performances of marionettes. However, the main characters in Daqiang Opera have their own set of strict scientific introductions, such as: "Xiao Shengjian refers to flat shoulders, Xiao Dan's hands are flat-chested, big-flowered hands are like Tiger Claw's flat head, Hua Lun's hands are flat-browed, and three-flowered hands are like chicken feet around the liver and spleen." The footwork is as follows: "Ping Bu, Ding Bu, Fudan Plum Blossom Step, Dahua Big Step, Two Hua Two Steps, Three Hua Run at will." Every trade has its own specific set of rules, such as starting from the corner, shaking your sleeves to cover your face, three steps to Jiulongkou, dusting with your hands, then turning left and right, making a mountain appearance and pulling the field. In addition, there are bun, horse riding and other subjects to absorb the performing arts of small cavity opera. Life Dan and Ugliness, on the other hand, keeps the traditional simple and rude performance procedure.

Xiaosheng walks flat and dignified; Xiao Dan takes the T-step, the previous step, the last step, slim and leisurely; Fu Dan (middle-aged and elderly women) takes the plum blossom step; The clown walks in a "three-flower jump" way, with his hands swinging and his feet hooked back, seemingly jumping and frivolous.

The traditional procedure of stage arrangement of Daqiang Opera is to "take the triangle", that is, the actor "takes three episodes" after his appearance, and walks to the exit facing the stage, that is, turns to the center of the stage, and then turns south to the exit, forming a triangle, commonly known as "old eel twist". The procedure for students to walk when they are born and suffering is called "cloth bag step", that is, the four corners of the stage form a circle, like a cloth bag; Dressed as a general, the two armies confronted each other and launched the "wearing five plums" step, also known as "grabbing flowers", to show the tense atmosphere and fierce fighting. Wearing five-star flowers: When performing the scene of the battle between the two armies, because there are not enough actors on the stage, wearing five-star flowers creates a strong atmosphere. For example, in The White Rabbit, Wang rebelled and Liu Chengyou led a crusade. There are only two pawns on both sides, each holding a big knife to show one side; When the pawns shouted together, the actors in the background and the band members in the background were loud and harmonious, which strengthened the tense atmosphere. At this time, two soldiers wear flowers on the stage, which are divided into five directions: east, west, south, north and middle. Each direction is in the shape of plum petals, so it is also called "wearing five plums".

Use the chair as a sedan chair: Use the props of one table and two chairs on the stage and use the chair as a sedan chair to perform the sedan chair action. For example, in the last scene of "White Rabbit", when Liu Zhiyuan and Yue's family went back to Shatuo Village to meet Li Sanniang, they sat side by side on the stage, and each time they sang a song, the two pawns who were present as bearers changed seats back and forth. The faster you sing, the faster you walk to show the change of time and space. This kind of chair replaces sedan chair, which brings empty performance in reality and is rare for similar plays of other operas.

A demon spits fire: In The White Rabbit, when Liu Zhiyuan was forced to go to the melon garden to see melons, he met the "melon essence". The hero of "Melon Essence" mixed glutinous wine and tea wine in his mouth, and when he appeared, he used paper media to lead the point, and the fire spouted from his mouth, showing the horror of the monster. The skill of breathing fire depends on the amount of air that the actor spits out. The more times, the higher the skill, and the somersault while spitting fire.