Who knows the information of Liujiang people?

Paleoanthropologist Zhou Guoxing commented on Liujiang people.

In recent years, amazing news has been coming from the paleontology circle in China, which overthrew human beings again and again.

"African origin" theory. However, after careful scrutiny, it is found that most of these new theories are too hasty and difficult to stand.

Follow. Not long ago, some media broke the news: after dating the strata buried in Liujiang human skull fossils,

It is proved that modern China people originated from China, which challenges the theory of "African origin" of modern China people.

Is this statement really reasonable? Has the theory of "African origin" really been overthrown? With this question,

I had a conversation with Zhou Guoxing, a paleoanthropologist in China.

Q: It is said that this time it is because a small study overturns the theory of "African origin" of modern China people.

Dating this stratum for the first time shows that Liujiang people probably lived between 70,000 years ago and 13 years ago.

Ten thousand years or earlier, not less than thirty thousand years as previously known. Is this statement reliable?

A: The so-called "first date" is very inaccurate. In fact, as early as 1980,

Dai and Peking University thought that Xun and others had determined the deposition of Liujiang fossil site, except carbon.

In addition to the 14 method, the uranium series method is also used, and the measured age has been from more than 40,000 years ago, 70,000 years ago or 80,000 years ago.

About 6,543,800 years ago to 220,000 years ago.

It should be pointed out that the dating data of Liujiang people are not from human bone fossils themselves, but from human bone fossils.

It comes from strata, or from bone fossils or tooth fossils of companion mammals, so it is indirect age.

Strictly speaking, it is still difficult to determine how old Liujiang people are. In addition, Liujiang human fossils are not official archaeological sites.

Yes, it was obtained by farm workers digging rock mud. Its exact location is not clear, and the measured data are not necessarily.

It can accurately reflect the life age of Liujiang people. Because of this, the data provided by the original Si Xun and others did not.

They are all adopted by paleontologists as reference data, and also refer to stratigraphy, paleontology and humanization.

Considering the shape of stone tools and the characteristics of other ancient human sites in the same period, the survival age of Liujiang people is considered.

It is generally believed that this era was 30,000 to 50,000 years ago.

Q: There seems to be disagreement about the age of Liujiang people in paleontology. But it is believed to exist in the distance.

7-65,438+300,000 years ago, researchers concluded that these years were reliable because they adopted.

Uranium dating is "recognized as the most mature and reliable new method". Do you think this statement is correct?

Really?

A: If I am not mistaken, the "uranium series method" they said may refer to "new carbonate".

Rock uranium dating method ". Some scholars in China used this method to determine the An Baili Cave in Liuzhou, which is adjacent to Liujiang people's residence.

The results of human remains are far from the age measured by carbon 14 method, and the age of human tooth fossils in Bailiandong actually comes from a distant place.

From 30,000-40,000 years ago to 6,543.8+0.6 million years ago, they also determined the stratum of Liujiang people's fossil site, and considered Liujiang people.

Not less than 6.5438+0.6 million years. It should be noted that in this era, the caves where Liujiang people live have not yet been formed, which is obviously not in conformity.

Logical. In addition, if we admit that Liujiang people and Bailiandong people lived 6.5438+0.6 million years ago, it will inevitably become.

The early representative of fossil Homo sapiens is different from the early representative of known fossil Homo sapiens in South China in morphological characteristics.

The gap between Maba people is too big. Liujiang people are modern people, and Maba people are close to apes, which is also illogical.

To sum up, we can't think that the age measured by this "uranium series method" is necessarily reliable, and any dating method.

Need to be verified by many parties.

Q: It is understood that the academic circles have been arguing endlessly about the "African origin theory" of modern people. Can you?

Introduce the relevant points.

A: The origin of modern Homo sapiens is indeed a controversial issue, which mainly includes the following questions.

Regional origin and multi-regional origin, especially African origin and the respective origins of Europe, Asia and Africa, have recently prevailed. this

In the early years, these two views were vividly called "hat rack" and "candlestick" evolutionary models. Since the 1960s.

Since the rise of molecular biology in 1990s, the debate between "hat" and "candlestick" has become more complicated.

noodle 1987, Kahn, Jing and Wilson of the University of California, Berkeley, USA.

The researchers studied indigenous women whose ancestors came from Africa, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Guinea.

147 Mitochondrial DNA in human placental cells was finally traced back to a woman who lived in Africa 200,000 years ago.

This African woman is the ancestor of contemporary mankind. Her descendants left 9- 1.8 million years ago.

Africa scattered all over the world has replaced the local aborigines. This is the "Eve" of the origin of modern people

Say ". This theory has injected new vitality into the long-standing "African origin" theory. 1997, Stan

According to the research results of Y chromosome, Andrew Hill of the University of Florida and others determined that the earliest male of modern people appeared in.

Africa means "Adam said". 200 1 year, they analyzed by DHPLD technology and got 2 18 y-stains.

There are 13 1 haplotypes composed of chromosome "non-recombination region" loci, which are representative of 1062 haplotypes in various regions of the world.

After investigation, it shows obvious kinship: the earliest branches all occurred in Africans, and then

Divided into European and Asian populations, the United States and Australia are divided under the Asian differentiation. This is obviously also

Support the theory of African origin. Molecular biologists in China and Japan have also conducted research in this field.

And came to the same conclusion.

The research of molecular biology on the origin and evolution of human beings has also been paid attention to by all aspects (including genetics)

Question. 200 1 Australian national university Thorne and others studied the lake attached to Mongo 60,000 years ago.

Mitochondrial DNA extracted from human fossils found that it and other parts of the world are considered to have originated in early Africa.

The ancient DNA of modern people is not related, so they think that early modern people appeared in Australia.

Independent of ancient Africans. This discovery undoubtedly provides a basis for the multi-regional theory of modern human origin. In addition,

The inheritance of some morphological characteristics of China human bone fossils also supports the multi-region theory. For example, 654.38+0.7 million years ago.

The tongue of Yuanmou people was shovel-shaped, which was found in Beijingers, Dingcun people and even East Asia.

It is reflected in the life of modern people. In addition to morphological characteristics, some experts also believe that in ancient culture, it is mainly

It is the stone making technology that inherits the technology of our ancestors, but we can't see the factors from Africa. The same is true in many places.

The support of regional theory.

Q: After listening to your introduction, it seems that the debate about the origin of modern people implies the difference between avant-garde disciplines and traditional disciplines.

Contradiction As a traditional paleontologist, are you more likely to accept traditional disciplines or even

Affect your judgment?

A: From my knowledge structure, of course, there are many traditional things, but every subject is the latest.

With the rapid development, I very much welcome the intervention of new disciplines in anthropology and archaeology. In fact, molecular biology is being studied.

Great achievements have been made in the blood relationship between man and ape and the time and place of ape's transition to man. I

I believe their achievements will have a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole discipline.

Q: What do you think should be done according to the achievements of molecular biology and traditional archaeology?

How to treat the origin of modern China people?

A: The domestic debate on this issue is strengthened through the study of molecular biology. our country

Based on the study of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome, molecular biologists estimate the African ancestors of modern East Asians.

About 1.8 million years ago, it first entered Southeast Asia, then turned to the south of China, and finally crossed the Yangtze River.

Northern region. These experts believe that there is a "blank period" in the fossil record of ancient humans in China, that is, 10 years ago-

50,000-year-old ancient human fossils are not exactly recorded. They attributed this phenomenon to the arrival of the last ice age, which made

The vast majority of biological species are difficult to survive, and human beings are therefore extinct. After the end of the ice age, modern from Africa

Typical people enter Chinese mainland and become new residents of this land. This is the ancestor of modern China, "Africa"

The origin of the theory of origin.

But this "African origin theory" is not without flaws. Not to mention whether this "blank" really exists

Period ",there is no sufficient scientific basis, even if there is this" blank period ",there are some unexplained problems. evening

The Pleistocene began10-130,000 years ago, and the last ice age began 70,000 years ago. The coldest ice age was

2.5-/kloc-0.6 million years ago, residents from Africa just caught up with the harshest cold environment. If the original

If residents can't survive, how can residents from Africa survive!

It is precisely because of the so-called "blank period" of human fossils that some people try to fill it with Liujiang people.

Fill this blank and overthrow the theory of African origin. But the problem is not that simple, let alone Liujiang people.

The exact age needs to be verified. Even if this age is determined, there are still many problems to be discussed. both sides

We should carefully study each other's materials and viewpoints, and never make a fuss by scratching a little.