What is the scientific name of a tree whose leaves open during the day and close at night?

English name Crneate Lespedeza

Latin name: Lespedeza macrophylla

The effect of closing the door at night is introduced;

Close at night (classified herbs)

Different names such as Zizania latifolia (Erya), White Clover (Southern Yunnan herb), Cao Feng (Questioning herb), Mushroom String (Classified Herbology), Pheasant, White Whip, Wild Sweat Grass, Hemerocallis latifolia (Chinese herb), Snake Back, etc. Male and female herbs, iron whip (Jiangxi folk herbs), antipyretic, Yesaiguan, snake hulling, an arrow, a wick of incense (Guizhou folk herbs), a string of weeds, thousands of miles away (Minnan folk herbs), snake peeling (Sichuan annals of traditional Chinese medicine), wind copulation, herbivores (. Three-leaf clover, broom, herb of yin and yang, small leaf rice sifted firewood, strong king (Jiangxi folk herbal prescription), closed grass, horsetail grass, night closed grass (Zhejiang folk commonly used herbal medicine), fire fish grass, lycopodium clavatum (Shanghai commonly used Chinese herbal medicine), flying wing (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine), fish skewers and fish skewers (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine).

The source is leguminous whole grass or whole grass with roots.

Plant form leaf-cutting iron broom, also known as Lespedeza sericea and Lespedeza microphylla.

Erect shrubs, up to 1 m.

Branches slender, sparsely puberulent.

Compound leaves alternate, dense, petiole very short, less than 2 mm long; Leaflets are small, linear, wedge-shaped, 4 ~ 10 mm long, blunt or truncated at the top, small at the tip, tapering below the middle, usually nearly bald above, with gray silky hairs below.

Flowers 1 ~ 4 are born in leaf axils and have extremely short stems; Bracteoles ovate; Calyx 3 ~ 4 mm long, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear or conical, pilose; Corolla butterfly, yellow and white, with purple spots, born in the lower bouquet, often without petals; The flag flap is oval with claws, and the keel flap is not very curved; Stamens10,2-body; Pistil 1, superior ovary, inflexed style, small stigma, terminal.

The pod is small, sessile, about 3 mm long and as thin as silk.

The flowering period is from June to September.

The fruiting period is 10 month.

Born on hillside, wasteland or roadside.

Distributed in Northeast China, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and other places.

Harvest from September to 65438+10, and rarely use or dry after harvest.

Chemical constituents include pinacol, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and β -sitosterol.

Pharmacological effects ① Antitussive effects Mice took oral decoction and 0.5g crude drug, 5mg 707 (mainly flavonoids) or 10mg 607 (mainly phenols, but also a small amount of flavonoids and acidic substances) were separated from the leaves, all of which had obvious antitussive effects (cough caused by ammonia spray).

The intensity of action is about the same as that of 2 mg of codeine per rat.

However, the cough induction method of electrical stimulation of anesthetized cat superior laryngeal nerve can not prove that Kenningol and 707 have cough relieving effect, so its cough relieving effect is not directly caused by the central nervous system.

Oral administration of β -sitosterol 500 mg/kg in mice has obvious antitussive effect.

② expectorant effect: oral administration of 707 mg and 60775 mg of Gemcitabine in mice has no obvious expectorant effect (phenol red method), but it does have expectorant or expectorant effect in clinical application.

(3) Antiasthmatic effect: 707 100 ~ 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection in guinea pigs has obvious antiasthmatic effect (histamine spray method), but the effect is not obvious when 200 mg/kg kainol is used.

Guinea pig trachea test in vitro shows that 707 has antihistamine effect. It has obvious aminophylline-like relaxation effect on tracheal smooth muscle, which is slower and longer than aminophylline.

④ Effect on uterus: The ethanol extract of root has selective exciting effect on pregnant animals and isolated uterus sensitized by diethylstilbestrol, but has no obvious effect on isolated uterus of non-pregnant animals.

⑤ Antibacterial effect In vitro experiments show that the whole herb decoction has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus alpha and Kartak at a concentration of 6.25 ~ 25%, and 707 has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus albus at a concentration of 5mg/ml and Streptococcus alpha at a concentration of 10mg.

Kenningol and 607 have no inhibitory effect on the above bacteria.

Bitter and bitter, cold.

① Southern Yunnan herbs: slightly warm in nature and slightly bitter in taste.

② Fujian folk herbs: bitter and slightly cold.

③ Annals of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine: warm in nature, light in taste and non-toxic.

④ Common folk herbs in Kunming: bitter in taste and flat in nature.

Meridian tropism: entering lung, liver and kidney.

Indications: Closing the door at night can nourish liver and kidney, benefit lung yin, disperse blood stasis and reduce swelling.

It can be used for treating nocturnal emission, enuresis, white turbidity, leucorrhea, asthma, stomachache, strain, malnutrition, diarrhea, traumatic injury, decreased vision, conjunctival congestion, and mammary abscess.

① Herbal medicine in southern Yunnan: treating sores and swelling, and dispersing sores and carbuncles.

2 "Ask Materia Medica": Treating falls and injuries, frying and steaming can disperse blood stasis.

③ Drug classification: for treating erythrorrhagia, leucorrhea and dysentery.

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4 Fujian folk herbs: benefiting the liver and improving eyesight, diuretic and antipyretic.

⑤ Guizhou folk medicine: treating knife wound, proctoptosis, jaundice, relaxing muscles and promoting blood circulation.

⑥ Annals of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan: Treating weak enuresis, male white turbidity, female leucorrhea, yin weakness, lactation, and malnutrition.

⑦ Hunan pharmacology: clearing away heat, astringing, expelling wind and killing insects.

Treat hernia.

⑧ Mindong Materia Medica: moistening lung and nourishing yin, benefiting liver and nourishing kidney.

Treat night blindness, night sweats, nocturnal emission and low back pain.

Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 0.5 ~ 1 2 (fresh 1 ~ 2); Or stew.

External use: decoction, fumigation or mashing.

Prescription 1 treatment of nocturnal emission: use one or two medicines to reduce fever.

Stewed meat, once in the morning and once in the evening.

(Guizhou Folk Medicine) 2 Treatment of senile enuresis due to kidney deficiency: closing the door at night, bamboo shoots, black beans, glutinous rice and pepper.

Stew pork belly clothes together.

("Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine") 3 Treatment of diabetes: cut the leaves of broom, fresh the whole grass for four Liang, add chicken as appropriate, and stew with water; In addition, one to two ounces of dried amaranth is used to decoct tea in water instead of tea.

(Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine) 4 Treatment of urine flow: Close the door at night and cook duck eggs with green shells.

(Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine) ⑤ Treatment of chronic turbidity: closing the door at night, root of dream flower and cortex Dictamni Radicis.

Braised pork belly suit.

(Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine) ⑥ Treatment of ulcer: San Qian Lindera root, San Qian and Agrimonia pilosa.

Decoct with water, one dose per day, and take it in two eyes.

Avoid spicy food.

("Selected data of unilateral investigation") ⑦ Treatment of stomachache, nephritis and edema: an iron broom is three to five yuan (one or two can be used in large doses).

Decoct with water.

(Common Chinese Medicinal Materials in Shanghai) 8. Treatment of strain: one or two iron brooms.

Decoct with water, honey.

("Zhejiang Common Herbs") 9 Treatment of neurasthenia and excessive leucorrhea: the iron broom is all grass or one or two.

Decoct with water.

("Common Herbs in Zhejiang") Indications for treating children's yellow face swelling: shoot one yuan, fish loach root in San Qian, fever in San Qian.

All the above medicines are decocted with dry rice washing water with slow fire.

Take one to two ounces of water three times a day.

("Guizhou Folk Medicine") ⑾ Treatment of diarrhea due to malnutrition: whole grass with iron broom and decoction.

("Hunan Pharmacology") ⑿ Treating infantile malnutrition: closing the door at night is 35 yuan.

And stew chicken liver three to five times without water.

[13] Treatment of hernia in children: dried whole grass of Senecio scandens is five to nine yuan, and lean pork is four liang.

Decoct with water.

[14] Treatment of dysentery: three or four fresh night doors.

Decoct with water.

(13) Fujian folk herbs are listed as follows. (⒂) Treatment of rectal prolapse: dry herbal medicine for reducing fever.

Stew half a catty of pig's dirty head once in the morning and twice in the evening, with soup.

("Guizhou Folk Medicine") ⒃ Treatment of postpartum joint gout: closing the roots in the fresh night for four liang, and trotters for eight liang.

Four taels of wine, decocted in water as appropriate.

("Fujian Folk Herbs") ⒄ Cure vision loss: close the door at night, eight or two grasses, one or two plantains, five or two seeds of Celosia, one or two Tianzhu, one or two Angelica sinensis, one or two roots of Lycium barbarum, one or two dodders and one or two Ligustrum lucidum.

Decoct.

(Su Yi's Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine) ⒅ Treatment of liver heat, eye swelling and pain: eight yuan to one or two yuan after closing at night.

Add rock sugar, boil water, stew for one hour, and take it after meals twice a day.

(Fujian Folk Herbs) 9. Treatment of urinary tract obstruction and abdominal pain caused by trauma: close the door once or twice at night, and Centella asiatica is five yuan.

Decoct with water twice a day as appropriate.

(Fujian folk herbs) 1. Treatment of knife wound: reduce fever, chew and smear knife wound.

(Guizhou Folk Medicine) (2 1) Treatment of swelling and pain of milk: close the door at night and mash it, and take it with wine to reduce swelling and relieve pain.

("Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Gui") (22) Treatment of dog bites, snake and insect injuries, wind, heat and dampness: five yuan to one or two iron brooms.

Decoct with water, take orally and wash externally.

(Hunan Pharmacology)

Clinical application ① To treat chronic tracheitis, 22 liang of whole grass (3 liang of fresh grass) was decocted in water for 1 ~ 2 hours, concentrated to 100 ml, and appropriate amount of sugar was added.

50 ml each time, twice a day.

10 day is a course of treatment.

Take it for 3 ~ 4 courses according to the condition, and stop taking medicine for 5 days between two courses.

After treatment of 427 cases, the total effective rate (including clinical recovery or short-term control, as well as significant effect and improvement) is above 80%, which is effective for simple residual wheezing and mild symptoms, slightly better than severe ones.

Closing the door at night has a significant effect on relieving cough and resolving phlegm, followed by relieving asthma; About 40% of the patients showed curative effect after 3 ~ 5 days of treatment, and some cases showed obvious effect after 10 days.

Side effects are not common. A few cases have dizziness, stomach discomfort, or nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, oral mucosal ulceration, polyuria and other phenomena. Generally, you don't need to stop taking drugs, and you can disappear by yourself in 3 ~ 5 days.

You can also use the compound prescription that closes at night, but its curative effect seems to have no significant difference with the single prescription that closes at night.

There are two kinds of compound prescription: 1 prescription: 2 Liang for closing the door at night, 6 Liang for asparagus and 6 Liang for Stemona; The closing time on the 2nd night is 2 Liang, and the closing time for Mianhuagen and Gangmei is 1 Liang.

Decoction, usage and course of treatment are the same as single prescription.

According to clinical observation, some cases can be cured for a long time through long-term medication, especially through preventive medication in the onset season.

In addition, two effective monomers, keninol and β-sitosterol, and two effective components, 707 and 607, proposed by Yeguanmen, have been used in clinical trials respectively, and it has been found that cough relieving, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects are rapid, and most of them have obvious effects within 4 days after taking the medicine.

Ning Ke wine has a good antitussive and expectorant effect, and its side effects are dry mouth, dry throat and dry lips, which have no harm to heart, kidney and blood system, but whether it has any effect on liver function remains to be seen. At present, it has been made into tablets, 60 mg each, each time 1 tablet, three times a day.

β -sitosterol also has good antitussive and expectorant effects, but its antiasthmatic effect is poor and its side effects are slight. 80 mg per tablet, each time 1 tablet, three times a day.

~707 has a good effect of relieving cough, phlegm and asthma, especially cough and asthma, and has no obvious side effects; Each tablet contains 80 mg, each time 1 tablet, three times a day.

607 is put into capsules, 300 mg each, three times a day, each time 1 capsule, 10 day is a course of treatment.

(2) For the treatment of poisonous snake bites, take the same amount of Phyllostachys heterophylla and pseudopeanuts, dry them in the sun and grind them into powder, and add a small amount of starch to tablet, each tablet contains 0.3g of crude drugs.

Take it with warm boiled water or grind it and take it orally, each time 15 ~ 20 tablets, 2 ~ 3 times a day.

You can also shave off a hair about the size of a copper coin at the patient's fontanel, puncture it along the skin with a needle after local disinfection to make it slightly bleed, then take 15 ~ 20 pieces and crush them, mix them with warm boiled water and apply them to the fontanel, bind them up and fix them, change the dressing 1 ~ 2 times a day and keep them moist.

If you have fever, nausea and vomiting, you should add 3 yuan to Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and take it twice with water.

34 cases of venomous snake bite, cobra bite 12 cases, leopard bite, sea snake bite 1 case, Agkistrodon halys bite 1 case, and unknown snake bite, all of them were cured.

③ For the treatment of acute gastritis and dysentery, 65,438+000 g of roots, stems and leaves (dry products) were taken, cleaned and chopped, added with 65,438+0,200ml of water, decocted with slow fire and concentrated to 200 ml, and filtered; Adults take 50 ml each time, 1 time, for 3-4 hours, and take it continuously day and night if necessary.

Children, the elderly or the infirm can reduce the dosage as appropriate.

The course of treatment is 1 ~ 7 days, which can be extended to 2 ~ 4 weeks if necessary.

50 patients were systematically observed. The results showed that 2/kloc-0 cases disappeared or improved significantly within 3 days after treatment, and 25 cases disappeared or improved significantly within 4 ~ 6 days.