Emperor Xianfeng of Qing dynasty

Emperor Xianfeng was the ninth emperor in the Qing Dynasty and the seventh emperor after the capital was established in Beijing. Xianfeng, the fourth son of Daoguang, was born in the period of internal and external troubles in the Qing Dynasty.

In the late Qianlong period, the Manchu Dynasty was in a prosperous time on the surface, and the literary inquisition prevailed all over the country, which made people panic. In addition, the rise of Anbaili anti-Qing forces also laid the groundwork for the decline of Manchu dynasty.

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, the industrial revolution sprouted in Britain, and the British delegation first came to China, a big country with oriental civilization. The explorer's name is Magney. He was born in the British aristocracy and was a famous diplomat. He is full of curiosity about China. In the eyes of westerners, China has always been a powerful country that worshiped the whole world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, when the outstanding diplomat came to the Qing Dynasty, he saw the handicraft industry of his elders, which did not change, which made him doubt the rich and powerful China. Magalny brought many things produced by the industrial revolution to Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, including globes and model ferries. After seeing it, Emperor Qianlong turned a blind eye to all this, showing his arrogance and contempt for the barbarians in the West. Magney's hopes for trade cooperation between the two countries fell through this time. When he left, Gan Long gave him ceramics, silk and tea from China.

After tea flowed into Britain, it became a daily necessity for the British. The most famous thing is that the British mixed tea with milk and invented milk tea. Since then, tens of millions of tons of tea have flowed into Britain every year, and the British government banned people from drinking it under the pretext of drugs, but this absurd statement ended in failure. Since then, British silver has flowed into the Qing Dynasty every year. But this good thing didn't happen immediately. Opium flowed into China in the19th century, and all the people, from princes to nobles, smoked opium. Hundreds of times more silver flows into Britain every year because of tea, and a war for opium comes from this.

1840, British artillery opened the door of the Qing dynasty. After the transformation of the industrial revolution, Britain opened the gap with the Qing Dynasty in weapons, coupled with corruption and opium abuse, and finally signed the first unequal treaty. Emperor Xianfeng was born in this era, and this bad era influenced him.

185 1 year, the largest and longest peasant uprising broke out in the history of China. In two years, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom captured half of the southern regions such as Hanyang, Yuezhou, Hankou and Nanjing, and the land of the Qing Dynasty was in jeopardy. Emperor Xianfeng reused Zeng Guofan, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and other Han ministers. 1864, Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army wiped out the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.

1860 After the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, Emperor Xianfeng fled in a panic and kept an eye on the news of Beijing after he fled to chengde mountain resort. Xianfeng wanted to return to Beijing after the withdrawal of the British and French allied forces from Beijing, but he indulged in court life and drama every day in Chengde, canceled the idea of returning to Beijing, and his health gradually deteriorated with time. 186 1 year, Xianfeng went to the Jehol Palace and his condition worsened. Summon Prince Yi, Duan Hua, Jing Shou, Kuangyuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying. Emperor Xianfeng issued a letter: "Zai Chun, the eldest son of the emperor, was appointed as the Crown Prince." He also said: "Zai Chun, the eldest son of the emperor, is now the Crown Prince. He has sent Zai Yuan, Duanhua, Jing Shou, Su Shun, Yin Mu, Kuangyuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying to assist and praise all government affairs." These are the famous "Eight Ministers of Gu Ming" in history, and Emperor Xianfeng died of illness soon.

From the perspective of an emperor, Emperor Xianfeng was above average among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. Reuse Han officials, severely punish corruption, and reform beyond Jiaqing and Daoguang. From personal experience, it's very sad. During his reign, it was the largest Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, which was invaded by foreign powers. He was also in charge of the Qing Dynasty, which was already in a period of corruption. From a political point of view, Xianfeng failed to recover the defeat despite his efforts in reform. In addition, he made many wrong choices, so the Qing dynasty was still so riddled with holes.