Xinmi county ya de yi Jing yuan

The gate of Yimen is the first entrance to the county government compound.

The gate is the yamen, which was called "Tooth Gate" in ancient times because the fangs of wild animals were hung in ancient military camps to show martial arts. "Ya" and "Ya" were interlinked in the Tang Dynasty, so it was written as "Yamen". In Song Dynasty, people only knew "Yamen", but not "Yamen".

On the east side of the gate, there is a "grievance drum" under the porch, which is used by the people to complain and report to officials. However, those who complain can only go on strike three times at a time. If they fight indiscriminately, they must first pull and retry. Two pairs of giant piers, the gate and the instrument gate, are 70 cm high, 85 cm wide, 40 cm thick and weigh more than 800 kilograms. They are relics of the Sui Dynasty, the oldest existing county government building components, and national first-class cultural relics.

There is a lotus pond on the east and west sides of the tunnel in front of the instrument, which is18m long from north to south, 6.5m wide from east to west and 3m deep. There are three-hole stone coupons under the tunnel, and bridge opening connects the East and West Lotus Ponds. Lotus root and fish culture in Lianchi are very elegant, which is a major landscape in Mixian County. Lotus pond is homophonic with "shame", which means clear water yamen, clean and honest, and free from sludge. Lotus ponds are usually used by senior officials. The lotus pond built by county officials is a major feature of county officials in Mi County, and it is also the only lotus pond preserved in China. Zhuo Mao, the county magistrate of Mi County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was named "virtuous" by Liu Xiuhuang, so his rank was higher than that of ordinary county officials, which was reflected in many places in county officials.

After liberation, Lianchi was once full of rubbish. After cleaning and excavation, Xilianchi was restored to its original appearance in June 2003. It is the only county government that keeps Lianchi.

Yimen means "to be like an instrument", which means that the behavior of a county magistrate can set an example for the people and is the first etiquette door after entering the county government. Because Zhuo Mao, the county magistrate of Mi County, was once knighted by the emperor, officials must follow the ritual system of "the civilian gets off the sedan chair and the military attache gets off the horse" when they arrive at the gate of the instrument. The main entrance is usually closed except for major celebrations or major case trials. There are side doors on both sides of the instrument door, and the "human door" on the east side, also known as the "sanitary door", is used by ordinary people to enter and exit; On the west is the "Gate of Hell", also known as the Gate of Death. It is usually closed, and only when the condemned man is executed can he open the door and pull out the execution. The lobby courtyard is spacious and magnificent. It is located in the center of the county government and is the second courtyard of the county government. It is 40 meters long from north to south and 50 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 2000 square meters. It is a place where the county government holds celebrations or important gatherings. There is a stone ring workshop in the corridor between the lobby and the instrument door. In the south, there is the word "Gong Shengming", and in the north, there is the word "two winds and two roads, high, easy for the people to abuse, and difficult for the gods to bully".

There used to be six rooms on the east and west sides of the lobby yard, with left writing and right holding. On the east side, there are three rooms for officials (government personnel) and households (taxation, finance, household registration, etc.). ) and ceremonies (education, celebrations, etc. ), and there are soldiers (soldiers), criminals (public security) (roads, warehouses, etc. in the west. ), is the functional department of the county government. 1954, the East Third Room was converted into a Mi County warehouse, and the West Third Room was demolished, which has not been restored yet.

The lobby is the main building of the central axis of the county government and the center of the county government building complex. Length17m, depth12m, height10m, and columns12m, with a building area of 204m. It is integrated with the platform and shed, and is tall and spectacular. Whenever it rains, the rain forms a water curtain between the lobby and the shed, which is a great scenery in Mi County. Building a roll shed in front of the lobby is an advanced official building form, which is quite rare in general county offices and is of great value to the study of official building forms in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

At present, the lobby has been completely restored and is now displayed in its original state.

In the middle of the lobby, there is a magistrate's court, on which there are plaques of "mirror hanging high" and "praising the old system of Han Dynasty" given by Zhuo Maoci of the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the court case, there are Four Treasures of the Study and red and green heads. There is a picture of "sunrise on the sea" painted on the front screen, which symbolizes that it is as clear as the sea and as bright as the sun and the moon. The ceiling of the lobby is painted with the Eight Diagrams Taiji Diagram, which is designed according to the meaning of the Eight Diagrams Orientation Diagram in the Kanyu theory. The surrounding cranes fly to the center, symbolizing the return of the Quartet. Legend has it that the fifth county magistrate's case of killing tigers in court is here.

On both sides of the lobby, there are ceremonies of county officials, including green flags, blue umbrellas, green fans, tung sticks, drums and four blue silk sedan chairs. On the west side of the lobby, there is also an introduction of county decrees (a total of 197 people) from the Han Dynasty to the Republic of China.

On the west side of the lobby is Dianzhangge, which was the office of the water conservancy forces during the Republic of China and is now the showroom of the revolutionary history of Xinmi. The second hall, wing and government gate behind the lobby together form the third courtyard of the county government, which is the place where the county magistrate exercises his functions and powers.

Zhaimen is the entrance of the Third Hospital, and the words "justice", "national law" and "human feelings" are written on the north to remind county officials to follow justice, abide by national laws and be considerate when handling cases.

Zhaimen is the throat of the county government. All people entering and leaving the house must register in the door ovary on the east side of Zhaimen, find out and put it in the register. Ordinary people are not allowed to enter casually. In feudal society, the door of the ovary often asked for bribes from people who came in and out, which later evolved into a bad habit of feudal yamen. Cao Xueqin vividly depicts the ugly faces of officials and the case of gourd monk sentenced to gourd in A Dream of Red Mansions.

The second hall is similar to the lobby, with a building area of 160.5 square meters. There are two rooms, the old one is the tea room and the recruiting room. The second hall is the county magistrate's retreat and rest place during the pre-trial case, and the county magistrate's lobby. There are two kneeling stones in front of the hall, the square stone on the east side is the plaintiff's kneeling stone, and the square stone on the west side is the defendant's kneeling stone. The plaque of "Three Chapters" is hung on the screen of the second hall, and the hall number is determined by the ignorance of the magistrate in Mi County during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the county magistrate who worked with the police in handling cases. Even so, in the feudal era, the second hall was off limits to the general public, which often caused unjust, false and wrong cases. After the second hall is the third hall courtyard, which is the fourth courtyard of the county government. It is a place where officials live, work and travel, which is difficult for ordinary people to reach. Therefore, flowers such as Southern Tianzhu and Osmanthus fragrans are often planted in the courtyard, so it is also the city of bamboo and laurel gardens, which is homophonic with "being the master".

The three halls are five cloister-style buildings, and the building scale is equivalent to that of the two halls. In the middle of the second hall is the place to hear flower cases (involving women) and confidential cases. On the plaque in the hall, the word "retreat" is written, that is, examine your words and deeds afterwards, try your best to think, and retreat to make up for it. The second room in the east is the meeting room and reception room, which is used to receive visiting officials and discuss political affairs. The second room in the west is the place where county officials rest and change clothes.

At present, the three museums have all been restored, and now they are restored and displayed in their original historical appearance, and they provide photo service in ancient costumes.

The east and west wing rooms of Santangyuan are the offices of touts, which were first turned into an old photo exhibition in Mixian County.

Behind the third compound of Tang Dynasty is the fifth compound in the northernmost part of the county government, and the main building is Daxianlou. Daxianlou is composed of five small double-decked tile houses, and the east and west wing houses are composed of three small double-decked tile houses. This is the place where important files and valuables of the county government are stored, and the seal is also stored here when it is sealed at the end of the year. Since there was no official seal keeping system in ancient times, it was dedicated to immortals (foxes) for peace.

Daxianlou has been restored at present. County Ya Prison in Mixian County is located in the south of the lobby and west of Yimen, belonging to Kun in the Eight Diagrams, commonly known as Nanjian. This prison was built in the Sui Dynasty and has been rebuilt many times. After Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China, it was used until the end of 2002. Its service time is nearly 1400 years, even exceeding that of Hongdong prison in Shanxi. It is the longest prison in China, and it can be described as "the first prison in China".

The prison is a masonry structure, with walls 4-5 meters high and strict barriers. There are more than 60 prison cells and guard rooms, covering an area of nearly 3,000 square meters. The prison consists of three parts: external prison, internal prison and female prison, and there is also a prison temple. External prisons are places where prisoners are temporarily held, which is equivalent to today's detention centers. There is a dungeon in it, which is connected with the lotus pond, and now it's gone. The inner prison holds felons, and female prisoners are held in women's prisons regardless of the seriousness of the case. After liberation, it was still used as a prison, and new buildings such as South Building, North Building and sentry box were built.

In addition to deterring crimes, prisons also play a reactionary role in suppressing people's resistance. Local tyrants and evil gentry often tie the so-called "unruly people" to the county grandfather and blame him. From 192 1 to 1949, countless revolutionary martyrs were persecuted by reactionaries here.

1939, Meng Xianglin, the county magistrate of the Kuomintang, colluded with Wang Shoushan, the head of the central secret service, madly suppressed the revolution in the county, and arrested 28 people including * * * personnel and progressive youth. * * * People's members Zhang Minquan, Guo Lan, Si Shusen and others were whipped, branded, doused with pepper water, sat on tiger benches, and went to water dungeons ... They were tortured. The underground party organizations in Mi County were severely damaged and the revolutionary forces suffered heavy losses.

On August 20, 2003, the public security department of xinmi city officially handed over the county government prison to the municipal cultural department, and it is now managed by the county government museum, where there are exhibits such as pyrography of torture devices in past dynasties, torture devices in Qing Dynasty and clay sculptures of torture devices. Since then, the county government prison has been unveiled for thousands of years and has become an important part of the county government museum and an important place for educating future generations. According to legend, shortly after Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, ascended the throne, his nephew met a beautiful woman in cloth, Su Xiaoe, who came forward to flirt and was slapped by Su Xiaoe. The emperor's nephew became angry from embarrassment, grabbed Mei Qi's stick from his entourage and beat Su Xiaoe. At this moment, a big fellow next to him came out to stop him and knocked Qi Mei's stick down to the ground. The attendants around the emperor's nephew drew their swords and stabbed the big fellow. The big fellow couldn't dodge and stabbed the emperor's nephew. The entourage hurriedly carried the body back to the house and planted that the nephew was killed by the big man. Liu bang immediately ordered Han to be imprisoned and sentenced to death.

Su Xiaoe heard that the benefactor was about to be killed and decided to rush into the golden palace to save people. She and her sister held gongs and drums and banged them in front of the palace, shouting injustice. When Liu Bang heard the drums, he told Su Xiaoe to go to the temple. When he asked about the whole story, he let the hero go and beheaded his followers, and everyone applauded.

Inspired by Su Xiaoe, Liu Bang ordered the yamen at all levels to set up complaint drums in front of the gate to facilitate people's complaints. Since then, drumming has become an important means for feudal officials to observe the people's feelings, which has been used for more than two thousand years from the Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a county magistrate Zhuo Mao in Mi County, Henan Province, who was a well-read man. During his secret period, he boldly reformed and revised many legal provisions, and his deeds were touching and deeply loved by the people of Mi County. According to legend, when he was transferred to the capital and left Mi County, people rushed to tell each other. On the day he left, they gathered on the road, sobbing and reluctant to part. In order to commemorate his achievements, people in Mi County built Zhuomao Temple in Dawei Town, and after the Sui Dynasty, they built a second Zhuomao Temple in the old city.

Nowadays, there are many stories about him in Xinmi area. Temples in ancient counties, including Mi County, are dedicated to two famous ministers of Han Dynasty: Xiao He and Cao Can. Xiao He assisted Liu Bang in establishing the Han Dynasty, and later became the prime minister, making various laws and regulations, known in history as the "Xiao He Law", which played a key role in consolidating the Western Han regime. After Xiao He's death, Cao Can succeeded to Guo Xiang, and everything remained the same, that is, "do it according to the rules of the grass".

Since then, Xiaocao has been worshipped by petty officials in charge of documents in ancient local governments, and all county governments have worshipped Xiaocao. On the one hand, they have learned their work spirit of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism and dedication to their duties; On the other hand, I also want to seek their blessing to make my career flourish.

In addition to the official gods, the official temple also worships the small official gods. In the Song Dynasty, every autumn, the small officials in the government offices would raise money to hold a god match to offer sacrifices to Cang Xie. Cang Xie is a mythical figure, and legends are written by historians of the Yellow Emperor. Because of the allusion of "Cangjie creating characters", writers regard him as their patron saint. And Cao are sometimes considered as small officials. In the old days, there was a console table in the yamen, with Four Treasures of the Study, gavel, signing barrel and other things needed for handling cases, commonly known as "three-foot case-solving". In fact, the console table is neither three feet long nor three feet wide. Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the "three-foot case-solving" is about six feet long and two feet wide. In that case, why is the console table in court called the "three-foot case"?

Before the invention of paper, words were written on three-foot bamboo slips, so ancient laws were also called "three-foot punishment". Yamen is the place where county officials try cases according to law, so the console table used for trial is called "three-foot case-solving".

In the old days, there were always two boxes in the lobby of yamen, red and green. The county magistrate signed a green sign to send the chief to fetch people, and a red sign to hit people in class. In the Qing Dynasty, bamboo sticks and sticks played a special role. The volume of a stick is only a bucket assessed by the household department, while the length of a bamboo stick is only a standard foot. In fair trade, if there is a dispute over the shortage of gold and beam, county officials can use bamboo sticks to measure when they go to yamen theory. According to incomplete statistics, from Zhuo Mao's tenure in the Han Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China (the eighth year of the Republic of China), there were 178 people in Mi County, among whom 38 people were included in the Biography of Mi County, while only 10 people entered the temple of famous officials in Mi County. They are honest and clean, law-abiding, benefiting the government, enjoying a certain reputation among the people and making great contributions to the people.

The sacrificial officials in Mixian County originated from Zhuomao in Han Dynasty. In the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1798), Yang Tai, the magistrate of a county, built a "Temple of Famous Officials" in front of the Confucian Temple in the old city (which no longer exists) and sacrificed seven famous officials in Mixian County. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, the people of Mi County built a "Hou Xian Temple" in Guan Yue Temple outside the west gate of the old city, and added three people as the magistrate. Let's briefly introduce the life story of this 10 person.