Zhao Jie Wealth _ Zhao Jie Zhihu

The first quarter of the 2nd century was the period of Song Huizong's rule. Song Huizong is a famous romantic emperor and a bad emperor in history. With Cai Jing as the prime minister, and Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Wang Fu, Liang Shicheng, Emperor Wen of Sui, Zhu Cuo, Li Yan, Gao Qiu and others, a reactionary ruling group was formed, which made the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty enter the darkest and most decadent period. In the first year of Xuanhe (119) and the second year of Xuanhe, two peasant uprisings led by Song Jiang and Fang La broke out successively. Although Song Huizong suppressed and disintegrated two peasant uprisings and escaped the ruling crisis brought by a peasant revolution, the rise of the Nuzhen nationality in Northeast China made the Northern Song Dynasty face the fate of collapse.

As early as the first year of Zheng He (111), Song Huizong sent the great eunuch Tong Guan to the Liao Dynasty. Tong Guan knew the political situation of the Liao Dynasty, met Yan in this mission, and put forward a proposal to Tong Guan to take Yan (now Beijing), which won the appreciation of Tong Guan, and was renamed Li Liangsi by Tong Guan and brought back to Kaifeng House. Li Liangsi told Song Huizong that Emperor Tianzuo of Liao was dissolute and politically corrupt, and Nuzhen hated Liao deeply. If she can cross the sea from Dengsai, make friends with the Jurchen nationality, and meet to attack Liao, then Yan will be widely expected. Very happy about this, he changed his surname to Zhao and carried out a series of activities for Yanjing.

When the Liao Dynasty was in danger under the attack of the Nomads, Song Huizong, Cai Jing and others thought that the time was ripe to unite the Jurchen to attack the Liao Dynasty and then recover the sixteen states. So, in the first year of Zhonghe (118), Song Ting sent envoys from Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province) to Liaodong in the name of buying horses to discuss with the rulers about joint felling of Liao. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), the Song Dynasty sent Zhao Liangsi and other envoys to the State of Jin, and then entered into a "maritime alliance" with the State of Jin. The two sides agreed that Yanyun, south of the Great Wall, would be captured by Song Jun, and the counties north of the Great Wall would be captured by 8 Jin Army. After the victory of the attack, the land in Yanyun belonged to the Northern Song Dynasty, which sent the old coins to the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty every year. Song Ben thought that sixteen states could be easily captured on this basis. Unexpectedly, the Liao army resisted the nomads from the attack, but was not afraid to fight the decadent Song Jun. As a result, in the fourth year of Xuanhe (1 122), the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to attack Yanjing twice, both of which were defeated by the Yanjing defenders of Liao. At the end of this year, the nomads from the army marched into Juyongguan and conquered Yanjing. In this way, the Jin people said that they would no longer hand over Yanyun to the Northern Song Dynasty. After the two sides bargained, the Song Dynasty made concessions again and again. In the end, the rulers only promised to hand over Yanjing and its six states and twenty-four counties to the Song Dynasty, but asked the Song Dynasty to hand over the 400,000-year-old coins originally given to the Liao Dynasty to Jin Chaowai every year, and to hand over all the taxes from these six states and twenty-four counties to the rulers. The Song Dynasty promised to pay 100 yuan to the six states of Yanjing every year as "tax money", while the rulers only promised to withdraw their troops from Yanjing. However, when withdrawing troops, the nomads from the army swept away the officials, gentry and rich families of Yanjing, leaving only a few empty cities for the Song Dynasty.

After the demise of the Liao Dynasty, the supreme ruling clique of the Jin Dynasty saw through the political decay and military incompetence of the Northern Song Dynasty from the performance and negotiation of the Northern Song Dynasty's war against Liao, and then won the victory and invaded the Northern Song Dynasty. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the soldiers were divided into two ways, headed by Wan Yan Han Zong, and attacked Taiyuan House from Yunzhong House (now Datong, Shanxi). The East Route Army, led by Wan Yan Wang Zong, entered Yanshan Mansion from Pingzhou (now Lulong, Hebei Province). After the two roads agreed to capture Taiyuan and Yanshan Mansions, the East Route Army entered Kaifeng at the gates, leaving Tongguan and Luoyang in the north and crossing the Yellow River to Tokyo in the south. In Taiyuan City, the marked army was stubbornly resisted by Song Jun soldiers and civilians led by Wang Bing and failed to capture for a long time. When the East Route Army arrived at Yanshan Mansion, Guo, the Song Shoujiang, surrendered, so Nomads from the Yellow River marched into Tokyo.

After hearing the news of nomads from the south, Song Huizong did not dare to take the responsibility of leading the enemy personally, and quickly passed the throne to Prince Zhao Huan in an attempt to escape from the plight of the south. Zhao Huan acceded to the throne for Song Qinzong, and changed the following year (1 126) to the first year of Jingkang. At this time, officials and people in the ruling and opposition parties exposed the sins of Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Li Yan, Zhu Cuo and other "six thieves" and demanded to be put to death. Song Qinzong was forced to exile or behead Cai Jing and others.

In the first month of the first year of Jingkang, forced by the situation, Song Qinzong used the hawkish Li Gang to personally expedition and deployed the Beijing defense. Li Gang arranged the garrison facilities in Beijing and launched a fierce attack on Xuanzemen, Kaifeng, when Hong Yan Wang Zong led Jin Jun Enemy at the Gates. Li Gang organized Kaifeng soldiers and civilians to hold the city, fought fiercely with 8 Jin Army, and repelled 8 Jin Army who besieged the city. Seeing that Kaifeng was difficult to attack for a while, Wan Yanzong started the strategy of "attacking war with peace". Song Qinzong was originally a bad king who was afraid of war, so he quickly sent messengers to Jinying to discuss peace. Wan Yan Zongwang proposed that Song should pay 5 million taels of gold, 50 million taels of silver, 654.38+10,000 cows, 654.38+10,000 camels and 654.38+10,000 variegated satin, and cede Taiyuan, Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) and Hejian as uncles, with Prince Song and Prime Minister as the hostages. Desperate, Song Qinzong fully agreed to Hong Yan Wang Zong's harsh demands, and ordered to borrow gold and silver in Kaifeng City and deliver them to 8 Jin Jun. Li Gang resolutely opposed making peace with 8 Jin Jun, so Song Qinzong held Li Gang responsible for the failure of Song Bing's night attack on Jin Ying, ordered Li Gang to be removed, and abolished the personal expedition royal battalion company presided over by Li Gang to express his determination to make peace with Ren Jin.

Song Qinzong's perverse behavior aroused the indignation of Kaifeng soldiers and civilians. Too many students, such as Chen Dong, wrote in Xuande Gate, demanding the reuse of Li Gang and the recall of Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang who advocated peace talks. Tens of thousands of people came to the front of the temple in unison to support and support Chen Dong, demanding that Song Qinzong accept him, smash Deng Wen's drum and kill dozens of eunuchs. Song Qinzong had to announce the reuse of Li Gang, a right-handed minister, and let Li Gang preside over Beijing's four-sided defense. At this time, about 200,000 people from Wang Bing, a frequent visitor to the Song Dynasty, arrived one after another.

Faced with this situation, Hong Yan Wang Zongshen knew that it was difficult to capture Kaifeng with only 60,000 soldiers and horses, so after Song Qinzong agreed to cede the three towns, he left Kaifeng and returned to the north in February of the first year of Jingkang (1126th). Looking north at Yan Hong Zong, although the war in Hebei Province temporarily subsided, the war in Hedong was still in full swing. From February to July of the first year of Jingkang, Song Jun successively assisted Taiyuan on a large scale for three times, with a total of 400,000 troops, all of which were defeated by 8 Jin J and consumed the main force.

The temporary calm in Hebei and the stalemate in the war in Hedong are only the intermission of the larger invasion of 8 Jin Army. However, the decadent ruling group headed by Song Qinzong thought it was peaceful. Just lifted the relieving of the prestigious veteran Zhong Shidao, and the loyal soldiers who came from all walks of life were also sent back, and Song Ting returned to his gentle and playful old style.

The pacifists regained the upper hand in the imperial court. In June of the first year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong hated Li Gang's repeated remarks, borrowed money from Taiyuan, sent him as a special envoy to Hedong and Hebei, and forced Li Gang out of the court. In August, Li Gang was dismissed as an ambassador to the two rivers because of his failure to aid Taiyuan.

In August of the first year of Jingkang, 8 Jin Army took a rest in Xia Hou, and invaded the south again on the pretext that Taiyuan, Hejian and Zhongshan were inferior to the Song Dynasty. Hong Yan Han Zong and Hong Yan Wang Zongchao went in two directions: East and West. At this time, Wang Bing, the general of the Song Dynasty, had been sticking to Taiyuan for more than eight months, but he was defeated on September 3rd due to lack of food. Hong Yan and Han zong pushed south, approaching Heyang (now Mengxian County, Henan Province) on the north bank of the Yellow River. At the beginning of October, Yan Hong Zongwang's East Route Army invaded the important town of Hebei Province (now Zhengding, Hebei Province). Jin Jun's invasion to the south destroyed the situation in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, Song Qinzong was bent on surrendering, thinking that he could continue to use gold silks and bribes to make the 8 Jin Army retreat, and quickly sent a group of messengers to Jin Ying for peace, without making serious preparations militarily. However, Tang Ke, Geng Nanzhong and others in the imperial court insisted on ceding the land, repatriating the loyal troops gathered again, and dismantling the fortifications of the capital. 8 Jin Jun crossed the Yellow River, and Hong Yan and Han Zong proposed to Song Ting to delimit the Yellow River, and the land east of the river and north of the river was owned by the Jin Dynasty. Song Qinzong promised one by one, and personally wrote a letter to the two men, urging them to "join Daikin".

Because Song Ting didn't make serious preparations militarily, the two routes of 8 Jin Army didn't encounter great resistance, so they successfully advanced into Tokyo. 1 1 month, the Jin army striker arrived outside Tokyo, 1 1 month, and at the beginning of the month, the Jin army jointly attacked Kaifeng with the east and west roads. Kaifeng has limited troops and low morale. In times of crisis, Song Ting sent Guo Jing to lead the "Liu Jia Magic" to war. He was defeated and scattered, and Tokyo was breached.

Although Tokyo is broken, the rulers are still determined to surrender, but Kaifeng soldiers and civilians are unwilling to be conquered, and the anti-enemy sentiment is very high, demanding as many as 300,000 participants. 8 jin j see kaifeng soldiers and civilians ready to start street fighting, dare not rashly into the city. So he did the same thing again, releasing the air of "peace talks" and asking the Song Dynasty for 6.5438+million taels of silk, 6.5438+million taels of gold ingots and 6.5438+million taels of silver ingots. However, at this critical moment, Song Qinzong still failed to wake up. He sent Prime Minister Li He to Jinying to beg for peace, while Hong Yan Han Zong and Wang Zong asked Song Qinzong to personally go to Jinying to discuss the compensation for the ceded land. Qin Zong had to go to surrender, give a surrender, and obey the will of the Jin people, and ordered Wang Bing, a road worker, to stop heading for Kaifeng and suppress the people who spontaneously organized themselves to resist. Then 8 Jin Jun searched the treasures and officials inside and outside the Song Dynasty imperial court. At that time, it was the severe winter, with heavy snow, and the plundered Kaifeng people were mercilessly attacked by hunger and cold, and countless people froze to death and starved to death. The surrender policy of the decadent rulers in the Song Dynasty caused unspeakable disasters to Kaifeng people.

In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Jin Jun detained Song Huizong and Song Qinzong in Jinying. On February 6th, Zhu Jin deposed Song Huizong and Song Qinzong as Shu Ren, and made Zhang Bangchang, the former prime minister of the Song Dynasty who colluded with the Jin Dynasty, as the puppet emperor. On the first day of April, more than 3,000 people, including Jin Jun prisoner emblem, Qin Shihuang, empresses, princes, imperial clan and nobles, retreated to the north. Precious seals, clothes, utensils, ritual vessels and armymen of the royal family in the Song Dynasty were also collected and returned home with full loads. The Northern Song Dynasty perished.