[Character] Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage in the late Eastern Han Dynasty

Zhang Zhongjing's most famous work is Treatise on Febrile Diseases. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing's family originally had more than 200 people. From the first year of Jian 'an (A.D. 196), in less than 10, two-thirds of people died of typhoid fever, and seven out of ten people died of typhoid fever.

When typhoid fever spreads, some quacks take advantage of the fire to rob and don't give patients a serious pulse. "It's not enough to shake hands and make peace." One minute you confront the patient, the other you prescribe medicine, and you only know how to make money. More and more people, although studying under famous doctors, are not enterprising, stick to the rules, do not seriously study the medical skills of doctors and save the suffering of the people, but struggle for power and profit and forget their duty.

Zhang Zhongjing was very angry with these people and scolded them severely. He is determined to control the epidemic of plague and eradicate typhoid fever. Since then, he has assiduously studied ancient medical books such as Su Wen, Ling Shu, Eighty-one Difficult, Yin Yang Da Lun, and Pregnancy Medical Records, inherited the basic theories of classic medical books such as Neijing, extensively used the treatment methods of other doctors for reference, and combined with personal clinical diagnosis experience to study and treat typhoid miscellaneous diseases.

At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was in turmoil. In order to avoid chaos, Zhang Zhongjing resigned and went to Lingnan to live in seclusion, concentrating on studying medicine and writing medical books.

By the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, he finally wrote an epoch-making masterpiece of clinical medicine, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, with a total of sixteen volumes. Later generations compiled it into two books, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.

Treatise on Febrile Diseases systematically summarizes the theory of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and has made important contributions to the development of TCM etiology and prescription theory in China. Later, the book was regarded as "the ancestor of Fang Shu" and Zhang Zhongjing was also called "Master Jing Fang".

After writing this book, Zhang Zhongjing still devoted himself to studying medicine until his death. In 285 A.D., after Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, unified the whole country, Zhang Zhongjing's body was transported back to his hometown for burial by later generations, and the medical shrine and Zhongjing's tomb were built in Nanyang.

Discussion 1: Chen Shou (233-297), a historian of the Western Jin Dynasty, Zi Chengzuo, was born in Han An, Brazil (now Nanchong, Sichuan), and was the author of The Three Kingdoms. According to China's habit of "revising the history of previous dynasties", Zhang Zhongjing did not appear in the History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou in Jin Dynasty. It stands to reason that Chen Shou lived in the recent times and Zhang Zhongjing lived in books. The fact that Zhang Zhongjing is not mentioned in the book is very telling, especially in 285 AD, Zhang Zhongjing's body was transported back to his hometown for burial, and a medical shrine and Zhongjing's tomb were built in Nanyang.

Discussion 2: Ye Fan (398-445), born in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Xichuan East, Henan Province), is the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. During the Southern Dynasties, Mr. Ye Fan spent 65,438+03 years studying the theories of many schools and writing the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, which preserved a rare historical material for studying the history of the later Han Dynasty. This most authoritative book on the history of the later Han Dynasty contains six famous doctors (Guo Yu, Gao Zhi, Hua Tuo, Deng Xu, Zhao Bing, Fei Changfang), among whom there is no name of Zhang Ji or Zhang Zhongjing! Ye Fan was originally from Yang Shun, Nanyang County, and worked as a secretary in Jingzhou for four years. At that time, Jingzhou had seven counties, including Nanyang County.

In other words, Ye Fan is not only the hometown of the legendary Zhang Zhongjing, but also an official from Nanyang. Strangely, Ye Fan didn't know that there was a fairy-like "medical sage" among the villagers. However, in the two historical books, Zhang Zhongjing, who was known as a "medical sage" in the famous earthquake area at that time, was not recorded at the same time. What does this mean?

Discussion 3: Zhang Zhongjing is not among Changsha satrap.

According to Biography of Famous Doctors, Zhang Zhongjing was once "Changsha official Yin". According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Jian was the first Changsha satrap at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because of Sun Jian's contribution in suppressing the Yellow Scarf Army in Hunan and pacifying the peasant uprisings in Lingling and Guiyang, he was appointed as Changsha Prefecture in A.D. 187. Sun Jian was appointed as Changsha satrap until 192. In A.D. 192, Sun Jian recommended to succeed Changsha Prefecture.

After Liu Biao captured Changsha, he appointed Zhang Xian as the prefect of Changsha. According to Zhang's Genealogy, which Zhang Gongyao kept at home, he was Zhang Mao's brother, Zhang Gongyao's 100th ancestor, Zhang Ping's eldest son, and Sean's19th generation grandson. Zhang Xian was the prefect of Changsha, and soon fell out with Liu Biao, and finally Zhang Xian rebelled. Later, Liu Biao organized a siege of Zhang Xian. Not for years. Zhang Xian finally died in Changsha. Before he died, Zhang Xian appointed his son Zhang Zhou to inherit Changsha County. Liu Biao took the opportunity to attack Changsha again. Zhang Yi was defeated. Changsha is trapped in Liu Biao. Han Jian 'an 13, Liu Biao died of illness. Liu Biao's son surrendered to Cao Cao.

Cao Cao appointed Han Xuan as Changsha Prefecture. Seven years later, Cao Cao appointed Liao Li as his successor. After Liao Li held this post for six years, Changsha was captured by Wu people. From then on, Changsha was no longer controlled by the Han Dynasty, and there were no more Han subjects as Changsha satrap. Thus, the Eastern Han Dynasty to Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts, and the only possible satrap was Zhang Xi 'an and Zhang Zhou.

Conclusion 1: Zhang Zhongjing, like Hua Tuo Bian Que, is a fictional figure, and there has never been any real historical data about this person in history.

Conclusion 2: Zhang Zhongjing's deeds corresponding to the year of birth and death are chaotic, and his deeds are inconsistent with his medical time.

Conclusion 3: Even if Zhang Zhongjing had a real person, he did write Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which may be a patchwork. Zhang Zhongjing (about150 ~154 ~ 219) began to write books in 2005, which lasted 10 years. His theories and prescriptions were all from Su Wen and Ling Shu.

Because these prescriptions and theories could not be effectively verified clinically in 10, neither could they eat, drink or sleep, because he wrote as many as 16 volumes, which was difficult to do in the Eastern Han Dynasty, even if the science was developed and the high-precision instruments in the laboratory were complete.