Little-known literary common sense

1. Literary knowledge, uncommon idioms and famous sentences all need to be memorized.

1. Which calligrapher's calligraphy in history is described as "beautiful and vigorous"? 2. Idioms "Zhi" and "Chi" are ancient units of measurement, which is longer? 3. Singing and playing are the four artistic means and four basic skills of China's opera performance.

Where "doing" means: 4. In A Dream of Red Mansions, it is said that Lin Ruhai "is the home of Zhong Ding, but it is the home of scholars." What does "Zhong Ding House" mean? Confucius said that "friends of three benefits" and "friends of three losses" are: 6. Which ancient book does the word "seeking truth from facts" come from? 7. Loyal minister Yu Qian was beheaded because "although there is no trace, it is meaningful". Who did this sentence come from? 8. What are the four fairies in the dreamland? 9. Your Majesty is an ancient title of respect for a king, in which "chasing" means:

2. Rehearsal from White Grass Garden to San Tan Yin Yue

1, add some words and phonetic notation. Mulberry () Brain () Convergence () Backbone () Shu Shu () Kindness () Confucianism () Conclusion () Cicada () Charming () Gu Ni () Tin Foil (). Fill in the sentences with the following four words. We watched Li's gymnastics performance. The terracotta warriors and horses in the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang are called world treasures. Mulberry is more delicious than raspberry. Please think about it. How to correct this article? (2) The pods are narrower on the cheeks. (1) The fruit of legumes is called. Two birds are white. (3) This is the understanding of righteousness. (4) Two straight lines intersect to form an angle. (3) Choose words to fill in the blanks. (1) He was very happy, but he was caught by the old monk who came to talk at night. (a) Confidentiality (b) Machiavellian (c) (Agency) is out of reach, so it is not appropriate. (a) Appreciate B. Identify C. Appreciate) (3) The voices calling my name are naturally common, but they are not beautiful snakes. (a) unfamiliar B. unfamiliar C. unusual) (4) it seems that there are only some weeds in it; But it was my paradise. (A. Really B. Really C) 4. Fill in the blanks according to literary common sense or text content. (1) From the White Vegetable Garden to the Three Tanyin Moon. Author Lu Xun, whose real name is Zi, is a great proletarian economist and economist in China. His works are many, including,,, and so on. Needless to say, just, 5, read in class and complete the following questions. Needless to say, green vegetable fields, smooth stone well fences, tall acacia trees and purple mulberries; Needless to say, cicadas sang in the leaves, fat wasps squatted on cauliflower, and the swift son of heaven (lark) suddenly rushed into the sky from the grass. Just around the short mud wall, it has unlimited interest. Oil flies sing here and crickets play the piano here. Turning over broken bricks, sometimes I meet centipedes; There is also Mylabris. If you press your finger on its spine, it will pop out and spray a puff of smoke from the back hole. The vines of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Manglietia are intertwined, Manglietia has the fruit of Lotus House, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has swollen roots. Some people say that the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb are human-shaped, and they can become immortals when eaten, so I often pull them up, and the mud walls are destroyed. Where can I tell? This passage describes the scenery. What did it say in detail? Sketch what? (3) From this passage, find out the reason why "I" was later sent to the most powerful bookstore in the city "San Tan Yin Yue". (4) Please use concise words to summarize what the author did in the mud wall of Baicaoyuan and write two things. Such as picking Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (5) The words in this passage are exquisite. Please find out the verbs or. (7) Imitate the following sentences and make sentences with the words added in the sentences. Needless to say, green vegetable fields, smooth stone wells, tall acacia trees and purple mulberries; Needless to say, cicadas sang among the leaves, fat wasps squatted on cauliflower, and the clever son of heaven (lark) suddenly rushed into the sky from the grass. Just around the short mud wall, it has unlimited interest. Reference answers 1, shè n su ǐ li ǐ n j ǐ sh ǐ is ǐ zá o tu ǐ t ǐ ng b ǐ bó 2, (1)① Zhan ② Kan ③ Shu ④ Splash ② Pod ② cheek ③ Narrow ④ Clip 3, (65438). (1) There are three seasons: spring, summer and autumn. Vegetables bloom in spring, cicadas sing in summer and crickets sing in autumn. (2) Write down the root area of short mud wall in detail, and briefly write down the overall impression of Baicao Garden. (3) Pulling out Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Destroy the mud wall. (4) Brick smashing, Mylabris pressing and raspberry picking. (5) for example.

3. There are ten kinds of literary knowledge, such as writers' works.

Fable is a literary work that illustrates some truth with false stories or anthropomorphic natural objects.

Because events come from false excuses, the origin of fables is often changeable and ingenious; Fables have always been profound because of their sustenance. Zhuangzi was bohemian, while Mencius was vigorous and virtuous.

Since the pre-Qin period, China's fables have been rich. I'm sorry for every generation, but they have never stopped. Compared with western countries, such as Aesop's Fables, its style is by no means inferior, because it is produced in China, so people in China read it affectionately or excessively.

However, the popularity and influence of local fables in readers are far less than those of imported ones, so that when it comes to fables, it must be called Aesop! This situation is really a great misfortune for my 5,000-year civilization. Therefore, it is the unshirkable responsibility of scholars and publishers to sort out and popularize China's profound fables.

Therefore, this book refers to the development of traditional culture in China, selects more than 40 fables from pre-Qin to late Qing Dynasty 140, and comprehensively combs the brilliant achievements of China's fables in past dynasties. The selected fable is divided into four parts: original text, annotation, free translation and explanation.

Annotations focus on explaining difficult names, places, allusions and uncommon words, while free translation is devoted to translating the original text in a clear and fluent modern language. It is particularly worth mentioning that this book has a unique interpretation perspective: it is not limited to the fable itself, but based on modern society, giving full play to the role of fable in satirizing the present and criticizing the current disadvantages for readers' reference.

For lovers of language, writing and philosophy, this book can be used as an important reference book for fables. For ordinary readers, smiling reading or hidden meditation can also eliminate difficulties and broaden their knowledge.

About the author: Is the table of contents of Guanzi the most difficult? Like a tiger, I doubt Yanzi's spring and autumn period, a mouse, a fierce dog, a golden basin, a little red book, a candle, a dead bird, a bird, and Jiao Ming, Jing Gong and Zhan Meng. Yan Zi's emperor planned Zuo Zhuan to lead the cattle to Xitian, and the rooster also ended up in the same fate. * * * Help, yangqiao and Mi Mozi dye silk as righteousness, but Mozi and Wu killed the dragon and lost. It is not easy to stand Zhang Yi's budding. The Book of Shang Jun was written by Dong Guo and Mencius was written by pot calling the kettle black, encouraging Wang Liang to beg and make friends with Chu people. You must get what you want. The second son learns chess by beggar-thy-neighbor. Liezi is the way to worry about heaven and steal land. Shangqiu raises tigers by opening beams. This bird has a good job. The bird turned a blind eye to Yin's banana deer. Yan people returned to China. At the official ceremony, Jiao Bo Moss, Gong Yu Yishan and two children argued about Zhan Heyu. Bian Que changed his mind. Zheng Shi's literary piano, Xue Tanxue, Han E's good songs, mountains and rivers, Yan's contribution, Ji Changxue shooting jujube father Xi Yuxi. "Zi" and Yao let the world learn the medical skill of God-man without turtle's hand. The purpose of this tree has disappeared. I hope you are confused. Ask two questions: Jing Zhuang gives birth to a dream butterfly, and he helps cattle and horses. The oak tree will walk away from the tiger from time to time and donate a son. Xu Jin didn't pay Wang Chuhao to choose an Lingjun dog in Linzi, A?vagho?a, Niu Jiao. Jingping Gong Zuo Qin is good at killing dragons, but Du has no support. He fought with Hebo and criticized the dog. Wu raises apes, plows, ghosts cry, treasures, treasures, greed and profit. Raccoons eat chicken at night and Xuan Shi gives up drinking. I learned to hide my uncle's three regrets. I bluntly say that I burn people and raise monkeys, and the prince of Wu hates birds to sing, and people are short of illness. I use the jade Jue Gongsun to avoid tigers and chase moose, and I don't want to steal a knife. It is best to be an official who is stunned and a corrupt official. Buddha also wants money, farts, praises death, loves face, lives a hard life, wears a felt hat in summer, and everyone laughs and laughs. The scholar bought firewood to burn books for you, Mr. Daoism, the postscript of Ai Zi, earnest, uncle, the bird came out, edited by Xian Yi, a portrait of dirty soup, a true father who recognized ugliness as a beautiful farmer's appearance, a doctor's fortune-telling, elegant jokes, golden eyes, Zhang Zhang's manpower, a biography of immortals, why thieves not only dream of drinking, destroying buildings and villages, cattle, Xuetao novels, dodge dreams, and. The word "one" is much bigger. Guangxiaofu is easy to sleep and get rich. It is impossible to save money. It is difficult for the rich to stop people from dying. It is very hard for the owner to eat, wear and feed, parents, cats and five virtues. The official vowed to take the right path. I don't like antiques. I don't want to ask for help. I want to fight for it. I want to change the dung and shake the tree to get a mosquito symbol. I want to move to the storage compartment. The trio Jia's thief-shaped Spring Wencun impressed the old man's Selected Works of Mu Regret Tang, the prince's Qian Shu, and the good man's mosquito-killing stunt of Shandong Gongzi was half-paid. Wuzhong famous doctor Zhen Ze is a good doctor. Ten kinds of miscellaneous dogs live in Louis Zhong Kui to catch ghosts, Xiangzu grinds stones and destroys treasure notes, ghosts are mistaken, strange dragons in a strange studio, Nanshan sets, birds tell the blind and poor ghosts to pass money, and God asks the woman next door to say "good laugh". Notes in class: If the fox is afraid of filial piety and the wife is not afraid of official Dai Dongyuan, it really fascinates you. The lies of two school teachers who are crazy about Cao Zhu, and the words of Dr. Heiyan, the elder sister of Confucianism and Korea, are all lies and slander Tian's dissatisfaction. The two monks, the harmonious duo, sacrificed Rex's big face and paid for their work. In the coffin, the ghost hand is strong, and the husband binds the tiger. The poor children in the city learn to flatter Cui Dongbi's suicide note, and Ran's boiled dog.

4. There are often test sites for literary common sense at home and abroad.

Must memorize before the exam: common sense of literature at home and abroad

Common sense of literature

1. The earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs;

2. The earliest love poet was Qu Yuan;

3. The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty;

4. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty;

7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty;

8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty;

9. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty;

10. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty;

1 1. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty; 12. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest novel describing the peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's "Water Margin" in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty; 14. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty; 15. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. 16. The most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times was Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. 17. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius;

18. The earliest chronological history book in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan; 19. The earliest biography in ancient times is Historical Records;

20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in the Tang Dynasty; 2 1. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun;

22. The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun;

23. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.

Common sense of foreign literature

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish novelist, playwright and poet. He is regarded as the greatest writer in Spanish literature. Critics call his novel Don Quixote the first modern novel in the history of literature and one of the treasures of world literature.

5. Unit 1 Literature Common Sense

1. Classical Chinese is a written language in China, which mainly includes the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Commonly known as "yes." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

2. 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.

2. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, quotation, comparison and questioning. .

3. Common writing methods and expressions: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, setting off, contrast, first restraining and then promoting, seeing the big from the small, expressing meaning with things, reasoning with things, expressing people with things, expressing feelings with things, expressing feelings with scenes, and blending scenes.

4. The function of sentence in the text structure of the article: it always plays the role of full text, arousing the following, paving the way, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), taking care of the following, echoing from beginning to end, summarizing the full text, indicating the theme and promoting the development of the plot.

5. The role of sentences in expressing feelings: rendering the atmosphere, setting off the characters (or feelings), pointing out the center (revealing the theme) and highlighting the theme (deepening the center).

6. Words used to evaluate the characteristics of sentences: accurate, rigorous, vivid, vivid, simple, easy to understand, concise, concise, infectious, rhythmic, euphemistic, meaningful, thought-provoking, profound, stimulating reading interest, thorough reasoning and convincing.

7. Analysis of keywords and short sentences in paragraphs: Words or sentences with quotation marks appear in the stem of the question, which often indicates that the object of analysis comes from the original text. In the analysis, we should implement the principle that words cannot be separated from sentences → sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs → paragraphs cannot be separated from articles. In other words, it must be considered in a specific context.

8. Understand the meaning of words in the selected text and context: There are two points to pay attention to when answering such questions: First, words may no longer have the meaning in the dictionary, but have special meanings in a specific context. Second, to understand the contextual meaning of words, we must first correctly understand the context in which words are located. Such as "Peugeot" in the sentence "It's really beautiful" in the article "Mr. Fujino".

9, sentence function, meaning analysis topic: (1) Evaluation and appreciation of a sentence: We should start from two aspects, first evaluate the writing characteristics, language characteristics, such as what rhetorical devices and expressions are used, the language is vivid or beautiful or emphasizes symmetry or accuracy, and then evaluate the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what views this sentence expresses and what feelings, enlightenment and education it gives you ... (3) Analyze. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative, it is necessary to deduct the specific atmosphere, the feelings expressed and the characteristics of the characters. When analyzing a sentence in a paragraph of an argumentative paper, it is necessary to deduct the argument (or the central argument of the full text or the sub-argument of the paragraph) and the characteristics of the argumentative language. (4) Key sentences mainly include five aspects: ① sentences that point out the topic; 2 descriptive, argumentative and lyrical sentences; ③ Summarize the sentences of the full text; (4) Sentences that serve as a link between the preceding and the following (such as sentences that take care of each other and transitional sentences that serve as a link between the preceding and the following); ⑤ Sentences using various rhetorical devices (such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, irony, rhetorical questions, especially quotation). Understanding key sentences is mainly to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by sentences. For example, the author's emotions, attitudes and thoughts between the lines. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the functions, functions and characteristics of sentences in the text.

10, indicate the writing method of the sentence: we must pay attention to the stylistic characteristics and the accuracy of noun use.

(1) The main function of social environment description is to explain the background of the work. When you answer, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in this paper.

(2) The main function of natural environment description (scenery description) sentence is to express regional scenery and prompt the characteristics of time, season and environment; Promote the development of the plot; Render the atmosphere; Contrast the image of the character (or the mood and feelings of the character); Highlight and deepen the theme.

1 1. Answer the questions in your own words:

(1) Such questions are often limited to sentences that cannot be answered directly in the original text. On another level, it means that you have relevant sentences in the original text, so you should first find out the relevant sentences in the original text;

(2) The second thing to consider is how to turn the sentences in the original text into your own words. The following methods can be adopted: ① generalization method, which is suitable for long sentences in the original text; (2) Sentence translation method, which is suitable for classical Chinese paragraphs; (3) Explain key words, which are applicable to uncommon words in the original sentence; (4) Sentence conversion method is suitable for the case that the original text uses interrogative sentences, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions with ambiguous meanings, and the title requires clear expression.

12, according to the feeling of reading the passage, talk about your own views or experiences: use the first person; In the form of 1+2 or 1+3, first summarize your views or experiences in one sentence, and then explain the reasons in two or three sentences. You can put the facts, or you can be reasonable. If the topic has relevant requirements, we should also pay attention to combining our own personal experience.