The historical story of sophistry

On this day, it happened that GongSunLong rode a white horse to Hangu Pass.

The customs official said, "You can enter the customs, but horses can't."

Gong Sunlong argued, "A white horse is not a horse. Why can't you pass? "

The customs official said, "A white horse is a horse".

Gong Sunlong said, "Am I a dragon?"

The customs official was stunned, but still insisted: "According to the regulations, as long as it is Zhao's horse, no matter it is a white horse or a dark horse, it can't enter the customs."

Gong Sunlong said with a smile that the horse refers to the name, while the white refers to the color. Name and color are not the same concept. The concept of white horse is white and horse or horse and white, which are two different concepts. For example, if you want a horse, you can give it to Huang Ma or a dark horse, but if you want a white horse, you can't give it to a dark horse or Huang Ma, which proves that a white horse and a horse are not the same thing! So a white horse is not a horse. "

2, the whole bag of millet

1 millet landing without noise, 2 millet landing without noise.

Three grains fall on the ground and there is still no sound ... and so on, the whole package of 1 will not make a sound when it falls on the ground.

1 Xiaomi fell to the ground and made a noise, but he couldn't hear it.

3. Achilles

Zhi Nuo was an ancient Greek philosopher who was very good at sophistry. One of his famous sophistry "Achilles will never catch up with the tortoise" is this: Achilles is a hero who is good at running in ancient Greek mythology. Suppose the tortoise climbed a distance first, and then Achilles went after it. Zhi Nuo thought Achilles would never catch up with the tortoise. Because the former must reach the starting point of the latter before catching up with the latter, but at this time the latter has climbed a long way forward. So the former must catch up with this section of the road again, but then the latter climbed forward again.

Because the distance between Achilles and the tortoise can be divided into countless small segments in turn, Achilles is getting closer and closer, but he can't catch up with the tortoise.

Extended data:

The main skills used in sophistry:

1, vague, ambiguous. In the process of argument, sophists deliberately violate the principle that the topic should be clear, and the argument is vague and specious, in an attempt to make different explanations in different situations and defend their own purposes.

2. Wrong argument. It refers to deliberately violating the rule that arguments should be true, and using fabricated examples and wrong principles as arguments to demonstrate wrong topics.

3. Circular argument. The authenticity of the paper depends on the argument, and the authenticity of the argument depends on the paper. This is a circular argument.

4. People-oriented. It refers to transferring the evaluation of someone's quality to the evaluation of someone's argument. In other words, replace the argument of the topic with the evaluation of someone's quality.

Baidu encyclopedia-sophistry

Baidu encyclopedia-sophistry