Fortune-telling of Hunan Ancient Paintings Golden List _ Fortune-telling of Hunan Ancient Paintings Jinqiao

About Hunan ancient paintings and operas

Hunan ancient painting drama is the general name of various schools of Hunan ancient painting drama. Due to different popular areas, there are six schools of ancient paintings, including Changsha, Yueyang, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Changde and Liling, with different artistic styles. There are more than 400 traditional plays and more than 300 musical tunes in various places. The music is mainly Hunan ancient painting drums with local characteristics, supplemented by suona, pipa, flute, gongs and drums and other national musical instruments. The tune is lively and lively, and the melody is smooth and lively. In particular, the famous xiang opera's "Liu Hai Chops Wood" is popular all over the country and deeply loved by people all over the country.

Ancient painting drama is the most famous drama in Hunan, which originated from folk songs and gradually developed into the main form of once ugly ancient painting drama. Liuyang County Records, published in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 18), talked about the situation of playing dragon lanterns in the local Lantern Festival, saying: "Boys play ugly plays and sing golden drums from the 10th day to the end of the night". It shows that an ugly flower drum play, Dihuagu, was once sung, which was formed at the latest in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. According to the Yuan Tan Diary (1862) written by Yang Enshou in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the "Flower Drum Ci" (that is, Flower Drum Opera) that Yang Enshou saw in Yongxing, Hunan Province, had four roles, namely scholar, bookworm and Claudia's daughter-in-law, and the plot and performance were vivid, indicating that the Flower Drum Opera at this time had not only developed into "three times" (Xiao Dan started from the voice and repertoire.

Later, with the introduction of "Gong tune" and "Chuan tune", folk legendary dramas with strong stories gradually appeared. The main repertoires are Qingfeng Pavilion, Lulin Club, Eight Hundred Li Dongting and Xue Mei Jiaozi. The main repertoires of Sichuan Opera include Liu Hai Xi Toad, Whip Reed Flower, Zhang Guang's Big Hand, and Driving Children on the Road. In this way, a relatively complete local opera was formed. In the early days of ancient paintings and operas, only semi-professional class clubs performed seasonal performances in rural areas, and they engaged in art after busy farming. Since Guangxu, this class club has developed rapidly. There are dozens of "suitcases" in Ningxiang and Hengyang counties alone, with nearly 200 artists. Actors are trained with teachers, and some are taught by apprentices, which are called "teaching fields" or "lecture halls". Each stage lasts for dozens of days, and three or four plays are taught. In the past, because ancient paintings and operas were often discriminated against and banned, all local troupes with ancient paintings and operas were called "semi-theatrical troupe" or "semi-theatrical and semi-tonal" and "yin and yang troupe" under the guise of performing local popular dramas. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), professional troupes were set up in various places to perform in city theaters. According to 198 1 statistics, there are 54 ancient painting troupes in the province, and Hunan Ancient Painting Opera House has been established. 1957, Hunan Art Institute was established, with a department of ancient painting and drama.

There are about 300 musical tunes of ancient paintings and operas, which are mainly qupai, supplemented by plate changes. According to the difference of tune structure, musical style and expression, it can be divided into four categories: Sichuan tune or Gong Zheng tune, that is, Heizi tune, with drums and suona. Tune is composed of aria and aria, and its mode and melody are changeable, which is the main aria of ancient painting and opera. Gong cavity, also known as Gong cavity, is a combination structure of Qupai, which combines "cavity" and "flow" (several boards) into one, regardless of strings. Like a high-pitched tune, it is one of the main vocals of ancient paintings and operas in Changsha, Yueyang and Changde. Brand brands, including Zou Pai and Gong and Drum brands, originated from southern Hunan folk songs, with small suona and gongs and drums, which are lively and light, suitable for song and dance dramas and are one of the main vocals of various schools in southern Hunan. Minor can be divided into folk minor and silk minor. Although the latter belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been localized. All kinds of tunes are rough and hearty. Although xiang opera has developed into a variety of industries such as life, beauty, cleanliness and ugliness, Xiao Dan, Xiao Sheng and harlequin still occupy the main position, and their performances are full of rich flavor of life. At the same time, they also pay attention to constantly absorbing traditional performance skills. For example, Yueyang ancient painting drama directly draws lessons from traditional operas, such as robes, feathers, wings, fans, official uniforms, hats, beards, holding, flapping, falling, falling. The performance art of ancient paintings and operas is simple, vivid and lively, and the performances of clowns, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng are still the most distinctive. Clowns are exaggerated and funny, Xiao Dan is cheerful and provocative, and Xiao Sheng is free and easy. He has rich footwork and figure, and is good at using fans and towels. He has various programs to show rural life, such as boating, carrying loads, smashing and looting, chopping wood, striking while the iron is hot, grinding bean curd, touching loach, flying kites, catching butterflies and so on. In the later period, due to the development of the repertoire, the performing arts were also enriched, such as absorbing some carpet skills and processing skills of the brothers' play and enriching the martial arts performance. The division of labor in ancient paintings and operas has also become more detailed, not only from "three small" to longevity, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness, but also reflected in "three small". Take the ancient painting drama in Changsha as an example, clowns can be divided into three types: wrinkled ugliness, short ugliness, official ugliness, rotten ugliness and milk ugliness. Xiao Dan is divided into Zheng Dan, Erdan, Hua Dan and boudoir. Xiao Sheng is divided into Zheng Xiaosheng, Romantic Xiao Sheng, Samurai Xiaosheng, Rag Xiao Sheng, Babies and so on. In the long-term artistic practice, some famous actors have appeared in various places, such as He Dongbao (ugly) in Changsha, Liao Chunshan (Dan) in Xiangtan, Zhang Shusheng (born) in Taoyuan, Yang Bocheng (ugly) in Yueyang and Zhang (young) in Hengyang. Hunan ancient paintings are divided into Changsha ancient paintings (Yiyang ancient paintings), Yueyang ancient paintings (Linxiang ancient paintings), Changde ancient paintings and Hengyang ancient paintings. Due to the differences between regional phonetics and folk accents. They all use Changsha Mandarin as a unified stage language, and each has its own representative repertoire and musical sound. Changsha Flower Drum Opera Changsha Flower Drum Opera is popular in Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Ningxiang, Liuyang and Pingjiang, and it is the most popular and influential flower drum opera in Hunan. As early as the mid-Qing Dynasty, it became popular and flourished in these places. The main melody of Changsha ancient painting drama is "Sichuan tune", and most plays adopt "Sichuan tune". Folk call it "Black Boy Play" because it is equipped with silk and bamboo instruments. "Black boy drama" is also influenced by naughty yellow in Han Dynasty, and gradually approaches to banqiang music, including [first class], [second class], [third class], [guide board], [bereavement], [singing] and [sharp cavity]. The main repertoires are Pan Fu, Sacrifice Tower and Draw lots. Changsha Huagu Opera is a Hunan Huagu Opera with Changsha Mandarin as the stage language and great influence. /kloc-over the past 60 years, it has been developed from rural folk songs, folk tunes and local flower drums (including flower drums and ground flower drums-flower drum lanterns). Changsha ancient painting drama has developed from "the second small" (clown, Xiao Dan) to "the third small" (the second small plus pupils), and then from "the third small" to various roles. However, it is still an important feature of Changsha ancient painting drama. In the traditional repertoire of Changsha ancient paintings and operas, there are a large number of small plays and passbook plays, which are the most distinctive and representative repertoires. Small plays include "opposite plays" and "three small plays". Traditional Chinese operas are mostly developed on the basis of folk songs, fishing songs, minor tunes, flower drums and bamboo lanterns. Zhezi opera is often performed as a solo in Big Ben's opera, and it is the most popular repertoire in ancient painting opera. After the founding of New China, relying on the cooperation of old artists and literary and art workers, the traditional plays of Changsha ancient paintings and operas have been excavated and adapted. There are 50 scripts such as Chopping Wood with Liu Hai, Lulin Club, Yin and Yang Fan, Rent Collection in Nanzhuang and Golden Frog in Liu Hai Play.

Musically, it belongs to "Qupai couplets". The method of couplets is to connect many tunes with the same tone according to the needs of shaping the image and keeping the layout of the vocal cavity unified and coordinated, so as to achieve the purpose of depicting characters and expressing the plot. However, in terms of expression techniques, it is supplemented by plate changes to make up for the lack of tunes. Changsha tune can be divided into three categories: Sichuan tune, Gong tune and minor tune. The first two categories are called "positive tune", which have relatively fixed vocal cavity format and melody characteristics; The melody, rhythm and mode of the latter kind of tunes have changed greatly, and the original folk song structure has been basically maintained. Paper-cut music of Changsha ancient painting drama, with tunes from folk songs and classical music cards. On the basis of "three small", Changsha ancient painting drama has developed the roles of life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness. However, the clown, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng still represent the unique artistic style of the play. Clowns can be divided into wrinkle ugliness, short body ugliness, official clothes ugliness, rotten cloth ugliness, milk ugliness and so on. The accompaniment band of Changsha ancient painting drama is divided into two scenes: civil and military. There is a drum suona in the literary field. Drum is the main musical instrument, shaped like erhu, made of bamboo snake skin, with clear and rich timbre, which is used to keep the tune in accompaniment; Suona is divided into big suona and small suona, which are mainly used for knocking on doors. There are drums, gongs (Su Gong), big notes (Han Notes), small notes and small gongs in the martial arts field. Clap your hands is "Kezi" (that is, rectangular bangzi). Yueyang Ancient Painting Opera Yueyang Ancient Painting Opera originated from Linxiang Ancient Painting Opera and was popular in Yueyang, Miluo, Linxiang, Tongcheng and Chongyang in Hubei. Jiaqing's "Baling County Records" in Qing Dynasty recorded the prosperity of flower drum drama in rural areas around Baling. As far as music is concerned, the main vocal cavity of Yueyang Opera's ancient painting cavity is called "Qin cavity". The tunes of "Qinqiang Opera" include [monosyllabic sentence] (positive tone), [sandwiched sentence], [dreamy tone], [negative tone], [sad tone] and [one-character tone]. Other folk songs, such as Sifu Tune, Acacia Tune, Noisy Wugeng, Ten Embroideries, Huimen Tune, Ten Cups of Wine, and Plum Blossom Introduction, are also commonly used in it. Obviously, "Qin Opera" was influenced by China's tunes. Many operas of Yueyang Huagu Opera are based on "Qin Opera", so when it spread to Tongcheng, Chongyang and other places in southern Hubei, it was deeply loved by local people because of its homology in music and similar language, and gradually formed a new local opera called "Violin Opera". The main repertoires include Four Clothes, Mending the Back, The Story of Lin Lou, Double Stealing Flowers, Double Selling Wine, Cowherd and Weaving Girl, etc. Whether it's "Shaanxi Opera" or "Sichuan Tune", Heizi is accompanied by drums and other strings, and his pronunciation is gloomy and simple. And Changsha are both called "Gong Opera". "Gong cavity" is also called "Gong cavity", that is, when singing, it is accompanied by gongs and drums, regardless of strings and voices. Before liberation, Jingzhou ancient painting drama was accompanied by gongs and drums, and the voices helped each other. Wenchang's accompaniment was only added in the 1950s. Whether it is Yueyang Opera or Changsha Ancient Painting Opera, the local gongs and drums are like Mupi Tune, Troy Tune, Ciqi Tune, Liu Si Tune and Octopus.

On this basis, it absorbed some board cavity music of China Naughty Huang, and formed a board combination structure such as "guide board", "third stream", "emergency board" and "scattered board". Yueyang ancient painting opera and Changsha ancient painting opera also have a third tune, called "minor", which is local folk music with strong local flavor. For example, folk songs such as "Tea Picking Tune", "Looking at Mother Tune", "Inverted Tune", "Four Seasons Green", "Lotus Picking Boat Tune" and "Vegetable Washing Heart". However, some classical gongs and drums in the Han Dynasty were also used as music to cut the field, such as "Wan Nianhuan", "A Flower", "Moth", "Victory Order", "Liu" and "Beside the Dresser". Yueyang ancient painting drama and Changsha ancient painting drama have become independent dramas. The earliest performance was "Erxiao" with few plots, that is, the "Sanxiao" song and dance drama, which was ugly all its life, mostly used local minor, and later influenced by dramas such as Han Opera, it performed plays with strong plots and more characters. Because of the low drama level of minor, they absorbed the Han tunes which are adjacent to it and similar in language and pronunciation, and formed the later "Qin tunes" or "Sichuan tunes" and some "Gong tunes". And in the process of long-term stage performance, local music has been integrated, and the melody characteristics are relatively fixed. The ancient painting opera house called it "the right tune". The formation of "orthodox tune" makes up for the deficiency of minor and the combination of music and cards, which makes the ancient painting opera have the musical conditions for performing this drama. Changde Flower Drum Opera is mainly popular in Changde, Taoyuan, Hanshou, Linli, Dayong, Cili and other places. It originated from the folk "tea-picking lamp".

"Car lanterns" flowed into cities in the late Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Xuan Tong, Changsha Daily recorded that "lantern prostitution" was prohibited in Changde, forcing ancient paintings and dramas to co-perform with Han dramas, which was directly influenced by Changde Han dramas. Before liberation, many artists of ancient paintings and operas studied China operas and joined Han classes. They often perform "two pots" in harmony with Chinese, which is called "two classes" locally. This situation continued until after liberation. Changde's music is also "Sichuan tune", "Gong tune" and "minor". The main repertoires are Watching Flowers in the Shadows, Jumping on the Pink Wall, Picking Mushrooms, Going Down the Mountain, and The Death of Second Sister You, which were adapted after liberation. Modern new drama "Country Veterinary". In addition to vocal music, many traditional plays in Hunan Opera are moved from Han Opera. It is said that there are hundreds of them, such as Song Jiangsha, Meilong Opera Phoenix, Temple Burning Incense, Huaiyin Songzi, Qingfeng Pavilion, and Catching Dishes. Hengyang Ancient Painting Opera Hengyang Ancient Painting Opera is a kind of folk opera popular in southern Hunan. Different places have different names. In Hengyang, Hengnan and Leiyang,

Changning area is called "Lantern", Youxian and Chaling areas are called "Flower Drum", Anren area is called "Lantern", Yongxing Jiangzuo area is also called "Lantern" and Jiangyou is called "Singing". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was once called Hengju. 1954, Hengyang ancient painting drama was named by Hunan Provincial Cultural Bureau. 1983, when China Opera Hunan Volume was edited, it was named Hengzhou Ancient Painting and Drama Compilation. There are about 400 traditional dramas of Hunan ancient paintings and operas all over the country, which mainly reflect the folk life. Most of them focus on productive labor, love between men and women or family conflicts, with vivid language and strong local flavor. After 1949, the art of ancient paintings and operas has developed greatly, not only sorting out traditional operas such as Liu Hai chopping firewood and shooting birds, but also creating many modern operas such as Double Food Delivery, Busy Sister-in-law and Sanliwan. Besides, Gong, Pot Mending, On the Way to Delivery and Yeyadao have all been made into movies. After liberation, under the guidance of the Party's literary policy and with the joint efforts of old artists and new literary and art workers, Hunan ancient painting plays have excavated, sorted out and adapted many traditional plays, among which "Chopping firewood with bangs" and "Golden toad with bangs" have great influence throughout the country. The classic drama "Liu Hai Chops Wood" Who is Wuling Changde Liujiamen Loofah Well? These are two lyrics of Liu Hai in xiang opera's "Liu Hai Chops Wood". Among some old people in Wuling District of Changde, there is another "authentic version" of the legend of Liu Hai chopping wood: in ancient times, Liu Hai and his mother lived next to Loofah Well in Wuling District of Changde City.

. Liu's mother wept bitterly because she missed her dead husband. Liu Hai is very hardworking and filial. She goes up the mountain to chop wood every day to support her mother. In the mountain where bangs cut firewood, there lived a fox who had been practicing for many years. She was refined into a treasure, which can be transformed into a human form in her mouth. By this time, she has become a fortuneteller, and she will be immortal after hundreds of years of practice. She admired Liu Hai very much, so she became homesick, named Hu Xiuying, and decided to marry Liu Hai. However, for fear of bringing trouble to Hu Xiuying, Liu Hai refused several times. Seeing Hu Xiuying's sincerity, she agreed to marry Hu Xiuying. After returning home, Liu Hai told her mother that she also liked it and agreed to their marriage. Liu Hai then went to Chicken Goose Lane downtown to buy something for marriage. There is a small temple next to Ji 'e Lane. There are eighteen arhats in the temple. Among them, ten arhats and a group of disciples (golden toad) are also practicing in the dark. He got a string of money and became a fortune teller. If he can get Hu Xiuying's orb, he can live forever and ascend to heaven immediately. Ten arhats saw that Hu Xiuying and Liu Hai were married, so they had a bad heart. He led his disciples to take Hu Xiuying's orb. Hu Xiuying will show his true colors when he loses the ball, but in desperation, he has to tell Liu Hai the truth. When Liu Hai knew about it, he didn't blame Hu Xiuying. He took a stone axe for chopping wood at home to fight ten arhats. Finally, with the help of Axe God and Hu Xiuying sisters, Liu Hai defeated them and got the sphere. From then on, they lived a happy life. The legend of Liu Hai chopping wood in Changde was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and by the middle of Qing Dynasty, the main version of the legend of Liu Hai chopping wood that has been circulated so far has been formed. Today, Changde can still find the legendary Loofah Well, but now the slate at the wellhead is weathered and peeled off, the Shi Zhuan of the borehole wall is broken and damaged, and there are many weeds around the wellhead. The legendary "Liu Hai Temple" where Liu Hai fought with the Ten Arhats has long been damaged. The legend of Liu Hai chopping wood still has profound practical significance today. The virtues of diligence, integrity and filial piety embodied in Liu Hai and Fox Fairy, as well as the beautiful desire to pursue loyal love and a happy life, truly show the working people's desire for beauty. Legendary figures are plump and distinctive, which can be called the fine works of Hunan folk oral literature. The legend of cutting firewood with bangs preserves the living conditions and folk customs of Changde people in a certain historical stage, and its values will be passed down with the spread of the story. In the play, "Brother Liu Hai, let me compare you ... I'm here than my sister ..." The duet between Hu Xiuying and Liu Hai is lively and cheerful, and the joy of getting married and going home is funny and lovely. It is one of the most distinctive vocals in Hunan ancient paintings and operas, which has been circulating for a long time. Ye Hong, a famous actor of Hunan ancient painting, plays Liu Hai and Li Xiaojia plays Liu Mu. Liu Hai chopping wood (compared with ancient songs) (female) I am better with Hagrid here! (Male) Sister Hu, (Female) Hey (Male) My wife, (Female) Ah (Male) Who are you comparing me with? (female) I compare you to a cowherd, exactly the same. (Male) Then I can't compare with you! (Female) You are more than him. (Male) Sister Hu, you are my wife. Brother Liu Hai, you are my husband. (Male) Sister Hu, come with me. (Female) Brother Hai, where are you leading the way? (Male) Come on Luo Hou, (Female) Come on Luo Hou, (Male) Come on Luo Hou, (Female) Come on Luo Hou, come on (together). (Male) I'm better here than my sister. Brother Liu Hai (female), (male) Hey (female) My husband, (male) Ah (female) Who do you compare me to? (Male) I compare you to a weaver girl, exactly the same. (Female) Then I can't compare with it! I think you look like her. (Female) Liu, you are my husband, (Male) Sister Hu, you are my wife, (Female) Brother Hai, you lead the way forward, (Male) My wife, you come with me, (Female) Go, (Male) Go, (Male) Go, (Male) Go, (Together). Liu Auntie, a pig-raising expert in the pot-mending production team, hopes to find a young man with education, technology, good career and great contribution as a son-in-law. But her daughter Lan Ying found a tinker as an object without telling her. Aunt Liu and her daughter have different views. They think that repairing pots is a career of "squatting under the eaves with a black face" and there is no promise. One day, Aunt Liu accidentally broke the big iron pot used for cooking. In desperation, she used the rice pot as an iron pot, so she had to ask her daughter to find a cook to make it up. Lan Ying and her boyfriend Li Xiaocong agreed on a plan to take this opportunity to inspire and educate her mother.

Xiao Cong came to Lan Ying's home. Aunt Liu didn't know Xiao Cong was Lan Ying's boyfriend, and urged him to make up the pot quickly. Xiao Cong told her unhurriedly that her mother-in-law looked down on the tinker, and Aunt Liu agreed with her mother-in-law. Then, Xiao Cong severely criticized Aunt Liu's old ideas and educated her that revolutionary work is a whole, and 72 lines are important and cannot be separated. Aunt Liu listened to Xiaocong's point of view, saying that she should not only change her old ideas, but also help Xiaocong persuade her mother-in-law to accept this son-in-law. Xiaocong saw that her mother-in-law had changed her mind and quickly showed her identity. Aunt Liu accepted her son-in-law with a satisfied smile. Li Guyi, who played Liu Lanying, later changed her name to Li Guyi, entered the vocal music hall from singing ancient paintings and became a famous soprano. The famous Hunan opera Buguo is played by the famous soprano Li Guyi, the famous Hunan opera national first-class actor Peng plays Li Xiaocong, and Zhong Yichun plays Aunt Liu. Pot mending (backhand cavity) (female) pulls the bellows by hand, and the roaring stove burns red. When the son-in-law comes to mend the pot, he should pay attention to the operation and don't tell his mother-in-law. It doesn't matter if he burns his hand (male). What (female) is afraid of (male). (male) The stove is burning brightly (female) I pull the bellows (male) I pull the pot for makeup (female) Pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull, pull. It was made into colorful stage art films, and "Three Mile Bay" and "Objects" won the creation award of the 30th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China held by 1979 Ministry of Culture. " Speaking of bangs chopping wood, we can't help but mention Chen Beifang and He Dongbao. From 65438 to 0947, He Dongbao came to Changsha from Dongting Lake. After liberation, he worked with Tian brothers Tian Qionglin and Tian Yunlong in the People's Troupe. He Dongbao was born in poverty, active and willing to work, and became famous. He was awarded ............................... April 195 1. 195 1 Chen beifang, a cadre of Changsha municipal bureau of culture, adapted the original "bridge-building drama" into "little bangs chopping wood" In the past, there was no script for the drama, but there was a story in which the actors came on stage to write their own lyrics. Chen Beifang handed the script of Little Liu Hai Chopping Wood to He Dongbao. Because there were too many performances at that time, he was too busy to rehearse. He Dongbao put the script on the top of Tian Qionglin's bed tent for several months. Later, a national opera performance was held in Hunan Province, which reminded him of this script. He Dongbao wants to arrange the script.

Tian Qionglin, drummer of People's Troupe, and Tian Yunlong, pianist, got together when everyone sat together. Some paragraphs can be old-fashioned, no problem. In the opening paragraph, everyone is thinking hard. Tian Yunlong, who was born in Liuyang, was inspired and proposed to use Liuyang's lotus picking boat. The original words are "Liuyang firecrackers crackle in the air, and clothes crackle in the air." Several people were very happy, and the new word of the script was set, "The weather is warm and the sun is warm." In the last paragraph, He Dongbao put forward a set of new words in De's Looking at Lang in October. Everyone found it very appropriate, except for the new word "I am more Hagrid here" in the middle. Why? The words are not neat, nine words, eight words or six words at once, three words and one word at once, and everyone is silent. Tian Qionglin pondered for a long time and asked whether he could sing in An Tong Diao. The original words are "Zhang Laosan is busy (ah) packing at home", and it is appropriate to put "I'm here to compete with Hagrid". The previous sentence came out, how to sing the next one? Or He Dongbao turned around quickly and called out "Sister Hu". Tian Qionglin and Tian Yunlong immediately answered "Ah". Why did he sing Liu? Here he answers "ah". "What do you compare me to?" Naturally, I sang the next sentence of "An Tong Diao", so that this paragraph will have new ideas. Pianist Tian Yunlong proposed to piece together the "flower-stone tune" into a new tune. Because this passage is a metaphor of the ancients, this new tune was later called "Bigu Qu".