6 1 Jinjiang Street: Daci Temple, Royal Temple

Article: Tang Shaode? ; Photo: Chengdu Daci Temple Archives

Chengdu Daci Temple (also known as Guda Shengci Temple) is located in Jinjiang District, downtown Chengdu, close to Shamao Street and Chunxi Road (Editor's Note: Taikooli Side). It is a famous royal temple in ancient and modern times.

Daci Temple, which was founded in Wei and Jin Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. It has a long history, profound cultural background, large scale and many eminent monks. It has been circulated as "the first jungle of Sinian" (China ancient name). According to the record of Zhang Bao, an Indian monk, "Wei Jindong traveled here and went to Shu to pay homage to Pu Xian, leaving great kindness" in the Song Dynasty, it was between the 3rd and 4th centuries, with a history of 1600 years.

In the 15th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 756), Chang 'an was captured by An Lushan, and the country was plunged into war, and the people were in dire straits. Out of sympathy for Buddhists, Gan Ying, a monk from Daci Temple, distributed porridge on the streets of Chengdu to help the poor, prayed for the difficult country and advocated the construction of Daci Temple. Tang Xuanzong, who fled to Chengdu because of the "Anshi Rebellion", was deeply moved when he saw this scene. This is a plaque inscribed by Gan Ying for Dasheng Temple, which is a gift of 1,000 mu of land, laying the foundation for the expansion of Dasheng Temple.

At that time, Daoyun, the third son of Silla Kingdom (now Korea) in the Tang Dynasty, traveled to Sichuan and even went to Dechun Temple in Zizhou (now Sichuan Zizhong). He paid tribute to this wise and noble disciple, took the dharma name "Wuxiang" and gave him the Mona vestment given by Emperor Zetian. After the death of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in Shu, Wu Xiang, a Buddhist monk, was invited to offer a gift in the inner hall of the Emperor's Palace, so he personally appointed Wu Xiang, a Buddhist monk (Daci Temple, also known as Prince Temple), personally supervised the construction of 8542 royal temples in 96 courtyards (second only to the Forbidden City in Beijing, known as "999. 5"), built more than 10000 Buddha statues, and drew/. In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (AD 80 1), Weigao Town rebuilt the Pu Xian Pavilion of Daci Temple and dug Yuxi in front of the temple, which made the environment of Daci Temple more perfect and became a prestigious lecture resort in the Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of Tang Huichang (A.D. 845), Wuzong destroyed the Buddha. Daci Temple was the only Buddhist temple preserved in Chengdu at that time because of the inscription of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

All the eminent monks in Daci Temple have inherited the dharma vein, which has a far-reaching influence. Among them, Zhang Bao, an Indian monk, traveled to China during the Wei and Jin Dynasties (around 265 AD), went to Mount Emei in central Sichuan to worship Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, founded Daci Temple, and stayed here. Five-elephant Zen masters lecture extensively, and there are countless wise men. The three doctrines of "no memory, no thought, no ignorance" were preached, and thousands of monks and laymen were enlightened by fate. Its original method of "five-spice Zen tea" spread to Silla (now South Korea) and was inherited by South Korea. Daolong, a Buddhist monk, became a monk at Daci Temple in Chengdu at the age of 65,438+03. In the sixth year of Song Lizong Chunyou (AD 65,438+0246), he crossed the sea to Japan. He was the first monk to spread Zen in Japan. He died in the first year of Song Xiangxing (AD 1278), and the emperor gave him the title of "Da Wei Monk". Up to now, Japan, South Korea and other Southeast Asian countries still regard Daci Temple as the ancestral home of Buddhism, and send delegations to Daci Temple to seek roots and worship ancestors every year for cultural and academic exchanges.

Because Daci Temple is a large royal temple with a temple in the middle and a courtyard in the courtyard, its reputation is comparable to Emei Mountain, which can prove how brilliant Daci Temple is in history. Mount Emei is famous for its Pu Xian Dojo, and Daci Temple is famous for its doctrinal research and mural art. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Daci Temple held 73 lectures hosted by monks in the 96th Hospital all the year round. Monks, monks, nuns, monks and nuns, scholars and ordinary people in cloth come to listen to the scriptures, study abroad or worship. Even Wang Jian, the former king of Shu, worshiped the scriptures in the temple.

In history, because Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Xuanzong were lucky for Shu successively, many famous painters gathered in Chengdu, which made Chengdu's painting style flourish. The murals of Dasheng Temple began in the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (AD 758) and lasted for more than 300 years after the end of Tang Dynasty, the former Shu Dynasty, the latter Shu Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. During this period, hundreds of famous painters left their works and thousands of them were sealed, which was the heyday of Buddhist mural art in China.

On March 28th, the first year of Song Jiayou (A.D. 1056), Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe visited Daci Temple again and went to Extreme Paradise to watch murals. The two brothers praised the works of Lu Lengjia, a famous Buddhist painter in the Tang Dynasty, as "exquisite". The rumor that "there is compassion first, then Dunhuang" shows the value of murals in Daci Temple. As Li Zhichun, a Song Dynasty poet, said in The Great Sage Temple, there were no more painters in the Tang Dynasty than in Chengdu. Compared with Chengdu, it is more prosperous than Daci Temple. (Editor's Note: For details, please refer to the next chapter "Great Compassion Treasure")

During the heyday of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Daci Temple occupied less than half of the East Side of Chengdu (east to the present Tazishan Park and west to the present Tianfu Square). It was a famous tourist area in Chengdu at that time, and every temple fair was lively. The business around Daci Temple is prosperous, and seasonal markets such as lantern market, flower market, silkworm market, medicine market, hemp market and Qibao market have formed in front of the temple. At the same time, there are night markets on both sides of Yuxi. The ancients had a poem to prove it: "The silver pond in Wan Li is full of purple, and the stars are waiting on the bridge." . If you beg from people every year and don't redeem your grace, you will get nothing. "(quoted from Song Tiankuang (1)" Deng Daci Temple Pavilion View Night Market "). "The door of the high-rise corridor is four open, and the new sunshine market is absolutely beautiful. The old farmer is willing to believe in worrying about public opinion and see songs coming to the temple. "(quoted from Song Tiankuang's" Silkworm Market in Front of Daci Temple "(2).

The historical glory of Chengdu Daci Temple in Tang and Song Dynasties can be seen in various historical inscriptions. You can only see the grandeur and prosperity of the temple. There is a poem to prove it: "Brother Bao is mighty and worships Daxiong, and visits cigarettes in spring. After opening the scallop leaves, the light is purple and fragrant, and the epiphyllum is red. Brilliant dancing in the weak sunlight, jagged carving in the wind. I only suspect that I am on Mount Sumeru and I am in space. " (Quoted from Wang Yin's "Deng Da Ci Bao Ge"). "Kawahara phoenix dance and Luan back, dielectric elder brother boarding also crazy zai. The books on the four walls are green and wet, and the white clouds on the lower wall are open. Autumn comes from the west of Ling Xue, and rain comes from the north bank of Tianhe. The most important thing is the restart of the law, and there is no need to ask more about robbery. " (Quoted from the Classic Pavilion of Daci Temple in the early Qing Dynasty).

It can be seen that the prosperity of Daci Temple in Tang and Song Dynasties was the best for Bashu Buddhism and Chengdu.

In short, the Daci Temple in the Tang and Song Dynasties was unprecedented and became the glory of the ancient Shu kingdom. The ancients had a poem to prove it: "Ten thousand watts are like scales, a hundred feet ladder, and when you look at it from a distance, it comes from the clouds. The treasure curtain and the wind lanterns shoot at each other, and the strange dust smells like horses. The stars fall in the sky, the sky is quiet, and the lotus is fascinated by the earth. On the way home, I stepped on the moon, and my home is further west of the flower line. " (Quoted from Song Dynasty's "Three Days before God's Day (3)" The Dasheng Temple in Huayan Pavilion is brightly lit, and tourists are very busy.) "Frost glow urges five clouds to dawn, and all countries cheer all day. The faint warm red flag turns to yang, and the cold tiles collect cigarettes. Cup music festival, beating gongs and drums to welcome winter. I suddenly remembered that I was holding a jade seat and didn't know I was on the edge of the snow-capped mountain. " (Quoted from Song Fan Chengda (5) "Tea and Wine in Daci Temple in Huiqing Festival")

Daci Temple was supposed to be the place to cultivate Master Xuanzang's knowledge and courage, the cradle to cultivate his noble monk character, morality and wisdom, and the starting point for his determination to dispel doubts about Western learning.

Xuanzang (600-664 AD), a monk in the Tang Dynasty, was the founder of Faxiangzong, with a common surname of Chen. He was born in Luozhou (now Yanshi, Henan) and his family was poor. Xuanzang became a monk, 13 years old. In the first year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18), Xuanzang and his elder brother Master Jie went to Chengdu via Jiange in Ziwu Valley and lived in Konghui Temple in the west of the city. In Chengdu, where monks gathered, Xuanzang visited the eminent monks of various temples and studied Mahayana with Bao Siam, Bitan and Daoji, Gayan and Daoism successively. Xuanzang and Changjie Kunji, after five years of intensive study and research, gave lectures and adopted strict rules and regulations, are famous for their elegance. They are called Chen Men and Ji. However, Xuanzang still had doubts about the theories of various factions and decided to return to Chang 'an to seek liberation, and he always had the great wish of learning from the West. His brother blocked the road with turmoil, and Xuanzang, a businessman, left Chengdu to go boating in the Three Gorges and returned to the capital Chang 'an via Chu, Henan and Hebei. In the first year of Zhenguan (A.D. 627), Xuanzang married Chen Biao and asked him to go west for dharma, which was not approved by Emperor Taizong. However, Xuanzang made up his mind to go to Tianzhu privately and embarked on a long journey to the west.

Master Xuanzang traveled westward, passing through more than 50 countries. He was once pinned down by King Gao Chang and never wavered. He went on a hunger strike for three days in order to die and study in respected India. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (A.D. 644), the master learned that he politely refused to be earnestly retained by kings of various countries and returned to China. The Records of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty 12, which was completed by Master Xuanzang, recorded the historical sites of India in detail and was a treasure book for later generations (India had no writing before, because there were records of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, so Indian history can be verified from this book).

In January of the 19th year of Zhenguan (AD 646), the master returned to China. There are many incense tables in Chang 'an, and all the lanes are empty. 200,000 people took to the streets. Emperor Taizong personally greeted him and asked the master to abandon the monk as an official, but he was politely refused. Master Xuanzang then ordered the translation of the scriptures. It took 19 years to translate 75 classics with 1335 volumes, leaving a precious and enlightening collection of China's translations for future generations. Due to the fatigue of translating classics, his body and mind declined day by day. After translating a volume of Five Mantras in the first year of Linde (AD 664), it became a masterpiece and died in Wuhuashan. When the master was buried in Bailuyuan, there were more than 1 10,000 people in the funeral procession of the ruling and opposition parties, and 30,000 people were buried beside the tomb. Later, Mr. Lu Xun praised Master Xuanzang as "the backbone of the Chinese nation".

Note ①: Tian Kuang (A.D. 1005 ~ 1063), born in Kaifeng, was a scholar of Song Tiansheng. Being an official and knowing the state, he has the right to speak politically and is deeply admired by the people of Chengdu.

Note (2): Yu Fang Sheng Lan says: "Chengdu is a country of ancient Can Cong, and Chengdu people attach importance to sericulture. So, at the age of one, I look at the sun in February, flowers and trees, silkworms and the silkworm market. Mayflower, number. Drug market. The user of Dongyue is Qibao City. All in front of Daci Temple. "

Note (3): In the Southern Song Dynasty, on May 2 1 day, the birthday of Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou was celebrated throughout the country.

Note ④: Flower Bank is the name of Chengdu Market, which is located to the west of Daci Temple, and was the residence of Lu You when he worked in Fan Chengda shogunate.

Note ⑤: Fan Chengda (A.D.1126 ~193) was born in Wu Jun county, and was a scholar in the 14th year of Song Shaoxing (A.D. 1 154). He was a peace envoy in Guangxi. There are Shi Hu Collection and Wu Collection.

? (Part II: "The Great Compassion Treasure")