How to evaluate Confucius' evaluation of Qin Shihuang's achievements in combination with specific historical facts

Confucius was born in the era when the unity of etiquette and law was destroyed in the Zhou Dynasty, so Confucius' ideal was "to be rich and strong, to destroy the country, to inherit the peerless world, to support the people, and to make the people of the world return to their hearts." The way for Confucius to realize his ideal is to advocate "benevolence" and "courtesy", for which he founded the Confucian School. Confucian school formed a mature written record and systematic theory at the beginning of its emergence. Moreover, the basic theory of Confucianism is based on directly guiding the lives of ordinary people at the beginning of its formation, which can develop with the development of the times, so it will not be eliminated because of the development of science and the progress of human civilization.

Confucianism advocates benevolence, courtesy, love, forgiveness, equality, deliberation and introspection. The Han nationality 2500 years ago happened to be in a relatively stable and free environment, so thinkers can consider the way of governing the country and reassuring the people more calmly. In fact, at that time, China's thinkers also advocated force and violence similar to Judaism, but after the test of time, China people finally chose Confucianism, which advocated benevolence, courtesy, love and forgiveness.

For more than two thousand years, Confucius, as a great thinker and educator, has been deeply respected. He not only lives in ancient books of sages, but also sits in the official temple, firmly in the hearts of China people from generation to generation. Why? I think the key is that he is the representative of China culture, the embodiment of national spirit and the symbol of a harmonious society.

The most important achievements of Confucius in his life are: the establishment of private schools, teaching without distinction, and the creation of a new pattern of "civilian education" in China; The establishment of Confucianism became the main vein of China's thought and culture; Sorting out ancient books has made great contributions to the preservation and dissemination of traditional culture. He is one of the few great sages in human history who have had a profound influence on the spiritual life of a nation for more than two thousand years. Therefore, he deserves to be the representative of China culture.

Confucius has gone through vicissitudes and hardships, but he has always insisted on the pursuit of peaceful politics, the criticism of tyrannical tyrants and the persistence of traditional virtues. His indomitable personality, "benevolent" mind, tireless learning quality, open-minded mind, optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life, the principle of doing things according to his words, the lofty righteousness that wealth can not be arrogant, poverty can not be bent, and power can not be moved, can be called the embodiment of our national spirit.

Confucius lived in an era of frequent wars, broken rituals, sharp social contradictions and challenges to integrity. In this changeable era of the world, change and innovation coexist, and some people drift with the tide, even drift with the tide; Some people pretend to be crazy to avoid the world and protect themselves; Confucius, on the other hand, traveled around the world with a rare spirit of responsibility, recruited many disciples, and vigorously advocated the political ideal of serving the public, the principle of governing the country as you do not want others to do, and the interpersonal relationship that all the world are brothers. Although there are utopian elements in his thoughts, it can be said that his unremitting pursuit of the world of great harmony is a symbol of the Chinese nation's yearning for fairness, justice and a harmonious society for thousands of years.

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought, the rulers of past dynasties have given Confucius a sacred aura for their own needs and lifted him to a frightening high position. Some neo-Confucianists in later generations continued to cling to and even distort his theory, deifying him as a lofty and ferocious Confucian leader. However, from the Analects of Confucius and other early documents, we can see that Confucius is a generous and caring elder, a generous gentleman, a reasonable teacher and an amiable and respectable old gentleman.

Such Confucius is full of human breath and has the same secular desires, joys and sorrows as ordinary people. His extensive knowledge and great achievements are beyond the reach of future generations, but he also has a strong sense of intimacy, which can produce the desire of "although he can't reach it, his heart yearns for it". His words and deeds have spanned thousands of years, and will continue to span the times, nourishing people's hearts like spring breeze and rain dew, so that future generations can follow suit and learn, and gradually improve their spiritual realm and civilization level through bit by bit practice.

Qin Shihuang was the founding emperor of the first unified dynasty in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty, and an outstanding politician.

When Qin Shihuang was in power, he annexed six countries and sent troops to explore the north and south. In history, it is said that "a hundred miles of land bows down" and "a thousand miles north". According to the map of the Warring States Period, the territory is almost twice that controlled by the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. Moreover, Qin Shihuang "set up a county" and paid attention to the rule and system construction of conquered land, unlike other contemporary conquerors such as Alexander of Macedonia or Rome, which only paid attention to conquest but not to system construction; Thus stabilized the unified land rule and laid the foundation for the present Chinese territory. Today, the English name for China, China, also evolved from the Roman word Chin, which shows the influence of the Qin Empire from one side.

Qin attached importance to the rule of law from the beginning of Shang Yang's political reform, and Qin Shihuang inherited this tradition and rewarded and punished generals according to law. Although Qin Shihuang was autocratic and thought that "we rule the world", he still ruled the country according to law. Chen Sheng and the uprising, the reason is that "Qin law is harsh", and its crime is capital crime, so it has to be reversed, but the law forces the people to rebel. Unlike later officials who forced the people to revolt.

Qin Shihuang initiated the post station system and built post roads. It laid a technical foundation for the decree access of the huge empire and the resulting county-based imperial power country. The county system is a civilian system, and its military and political leaders are appointed by the emperor. According to their political achievements, their military achievements can be raised or lowered and leveled, which leads to the emergence of professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers. Professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers can come from civilians, and county bureaucrats effectively protect the rights of civilians (Brazzaville) to participate in the discussion of state affairs (such as Reese and Meng Ao). It's all cloth, only according to the military). Compared with the feudal aristocratic politics, it is undoubtedly a great historical progress.

Li Bai's "Antique" poem: "Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe, he looks!" Sang Hongyang affirmed Qin Shihuang's achievement in unifying China. Zhang Taiyan of the Qing Dynasty also praised Qin Shihuang in his Qin Zhengji written in 19 13.

However, Qin Shihuang was also a tyrant: the Great Wall of Wan Li, Qinchi Island, Lingqu, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang are all huge, and the whole population is trying to build them. Many documents condemn that many people were killed or injured in the construction. Burning books to bury Confucianism, suppressing thoughts and destroying culture; Strict laws and heavy taxes have increased the burden on the people.