How to get along with the blind

1) communication skills and precautions for the blind.

One of several misunderstandings in dealing with the visually impaired: the visually impaired are invisible.

When most ordinary people hear "visual disability", they immediately think of "darkness" and "darkness" ... However, this is not the case: visual disability includes blindness and low vision, not to mention some low vision. Even in the category of "blindness", only a few people are truly "completely blind", and most "blind" people still have some residual vision.

Myth 2: Because of visual disability, fear is more cruel to individuals. People always transfer their fear of darkness from blindness to the visually impaired: "I would rather die than be blind", "blindness is more terrible than death" and "to die once and for all, blindness is a hell on earth" ... In addition, the difficulties in life and abnormal appearance of the visually impaired will make more people fear visual impairment. In fact, visually disabled people, like ordinary people, are not terrible; On the contrary, as visually impaired people, they live in a visual society and feel inconvenient everywhere. They also have a kind of awe of the world, so communication and understanding between the two sides are very important.

Myth 3: Poor visually impaired people "live in the dark". Blindness leads to the loss of access to environmental information and the ability to effectively control the environment. Visually impaired people are inconvenient to study, have a hard life and find a job ... which makes visually impaired people, a social vulnerable group, more vulnerable to people's pity and attention. In fact, compassion for the visually impaired is the basis of understanding, caring and helping them, but compassion alone is not enough. Visually impaired people are equal to ordinary people, and they are eager for respect, understanding, care and help. Due to the development of foreign education for the blind, especially the early education for the blind, the ability and social status of the blind are equivalent to those of ordinary people.

Myth 4: Mystery When it comes to the blind, many people's first impressions are often mysterious: their eyes are invisible, they never hit trees or walls, and their ears are particularly "pointed". In fact, according to repeated tests by many physiologists and psychologists, there is no obvious organic change in the auditory organs of blind children from the anatomical and physiological aspects. The difference is that the auditory organs of blind children are forced to get more stimulation opportunities and their sensory functions are strengthened. They can make full use of sensory experience and sensory clues ignored by ordinary people, give full play to the marginal role of feeling, and extend and broaden the sensory function. For example, blind people use echo frequency to estimate the size of the room, and use echo attenuation to identify how many things are piled up in the room, which is the result of blind people making full use of hearing. It is the compensation and adaptation to the loss of vision, and it is also determined by the physiological and living conditions of the visually impaired, which is professionally called obstacle perception.

Myth 5: Superstition When it comes to the blind, some people think of feudal superstitions such as "fortune telling" and "retribution". They think blind people are mysterious, and at the same time they think they are "awesome". People tend to be superstitious about the "cleverness" and "efficacy" of blind people, but in fact, blind people all synthesize all kinds of information from different visitors and add simple psychological deduction. At first, our low expectations of them (underestimating them) was another reason for our surprise.

(b) Communication skills and preventive measures with the physically disabled (cerebral palsy)

There are similarities and differences between treating physically disabled people and treating normal people. It is similar to communicate with them with a normal heart and an equal attitude, which is the premise of interpersonal communication; The difference is that people with physical disabilities need more understanding, care and patience, and master the basic skills and methods of communication with them. How to communicate with the physically disabled correctly and appropriately is a very realistic and important problem. 1. When meeting disabled people, eyes are very important. We must do the following three things: first, we should look at them with a normal eye, and never show strange or curious expressions when we see disabled people; Second, we can't stop looking at their disabled parts. If you don't know in advance, look away as soon as you see it; If you know in advance, don't look at the disabled part at all. Some people are used to looking up and down after meeting strangers, which has little to do with healthy people, but they must not look at disabled people like this because they are physically disabled and feel inferior to others. If someone looks up and down carefully, it is equivalent to sprinkling salt on the wound and hurting the heart. Third, don't look at the clients with sympathy, because even the clients with cerebral palsy can't control their bodies, but their minds are the same as those of normal people. They can read the psychology of service volunteers just by looking into their eyes. 2. The appellation must be respected, and various social and cultural backgrounds such as the nationality, nationality and religion of the customer should be taken into account. For example, foreign athletes, regardless of their age, will not be averse to calling them by their first names, but if the age difference between them and China athletes is too great, volunteers should not call them by their first names. Even people who get along well have a good relationship, and there is no need to use words like "lame" and "lame", even if they are joking, it is not appropriate. The tone and intonation of address should be cordial and close.

3. When talking with physically disabled people, we should pay special attention to avoid words and contents related to their physical defects. Under normal circumstances, we should not involve the disabled. Just like communicating with normal people, the content of the conversation can be broader. According to the interviewees' hobbies, astronomy, geography, history, economy, politics, culture, news, interesting things, international and domestic can all be used, which makes them feel that people do not treat them differently. If we want to talk about the disabled, we should talk about some positive topics, such as the cause and struggle spirit of the disabled, social activities and personal behaviors to help the disabled, enterprises and institutions serving the disabled in the socialist market economy and their development prospects. 4. Respect If it is something that physically disabled people can do by themselves, they must be allowed to do it by themselves. If we do everything for them because they are physically inconvenient, it will hurt their independence, will and ability as a person.

5. Pay special attention to ways and means when helping the disabled. Before helping them, we must get their consent before we can give concrete help. For example, if you meet a physically disabled person in a wheelchair and want to get on the elevator, you should respectfully walk up to him, explain your identity, and then ask, "What floor are you going to? Shall I push you in? " If he agrees, push him into the elevator. Whether to send it to the destination should also be achieved while striving for the parties. Because the disabled are very competitive, they don't like or even resent the pity of others. If you don't ask for their permission and help as soon as you go up, you may be rejected by him, or say something unpleasant, which will put you in an awkward position.

6. Methods 70%-80% of children with cerebral palsy are accompanied by different degrees of language barriers. To communicate with people with language barriers, you need to master some basic skills and methods. We can use the information exchange enhancement system to help them convey their basic needs and even ideas to others. 1 Select. Volunteers show a board/manual (communication version or manual) printed with pictures or words or letters. People with language barriers can express themselves by pointing to pictures or words or spelling words. Even if severe cerebral palsy patients can't point with their fingers, they can still point with a stick with their teeth or look at the pictures they need with their eyes. This communication version has limited effect on processing more complex information. 2 scanning identification. Arrange a series of demand information in advance, and people with language difficulties will answer with pre-agreed signals. Ask one question at a time, such as "Do you want some water?" Or "Are you going out?" . Nodding or clenching one's fist indicates agreement, shaking one's head or spreading one's palm indicates disagreement. When the other party doesn't understand the question, you can use the card to ask questions. ③ coding. Provide rules and procedures for expressing meaning signals, so that information can be understood most easily. This method can send signals through various signals, and as long as the signal receiver also knows this coding, the content of communication can be greatly enhanced or enriched. Such as sign language or gestures used by deaf people. From ~ ~ ~ Ma Yue