How to divide the dog days?

As we all know, it is the coldest time for people to feel in March and September. Three or nine days is easy to calculate. Every year, on the day of winter solstice, you start counting to nine. After that, as long as you are familiar with the traditional solar terms in China, you will know the schedule of cold and heat. This is: "1929, I stepped into my arms; 3949, frozen pigs and frozen dogs; 5969, look at the willows by the river; 7963, pedestrian clothes list; 998 1 year, the elderly in Tian Zhongli cultivated land. " . This means that because the earth has accumulated cold and hot energy some time ago, there will be 40 days of coldest weather from winter to the future; 18 solstice after beginning of winter, stiff hands and feet; 18 days after the winter solstice-36 days 18 days is the coldest period in a year, which can freeze pigs and dogs to death; Once winter comes to 18 days from 36 days to 54 days in the future, willows along the river will sprout new buds and the climate will get warmer; There is also the 54th day from winter to the 70th day, when people will take off their winter clothes. From winter to the next 70 days, spring ploughing will be ready and the weather will be completely warm.

What about the dog days? The calculation of dog days is a little more complicated, but it is easy to calculate as long as you master the laws of China's traditional calendar.

Because in the traditional calendar of China, 365 days a year are based on heavenly stems "A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, N, G" and earthly branches "Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Ji, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai". Thus, in the traditional calendar of China, there is a heavenly stems and earthly branches Day every day, such as Jiazi and Butyl.

Dog days, one volt is ten days, counted by days. Therefore, the dog days are divided into three days, that is to say, after the third day of Gengtian, the summer solstice is the first day, the first volt. For example, the summer solstice in 2006 is June 2 1 in the western calendar year, and the dry day of this day is Xinri. 28 days later, it is the third Geng Day. So July 20, 2006 is the first link. Eyes? Trace emperor? Hey? Hey? Sorry, gum. Blink? Books fade? Enter the second volt on September 29; Ten days later, it was another Geng day, that is, August 9, and it entered the dog days. In other words, it is very hot after entering the dog days every year, especially on the tenth day of dog days, which is the hottest.

According to the accumulated heat of the earth, the people of China summed up the saying of "Twenty-four Autumn Tigers", which means that it is also very hot 24 days after beginning of autumn every year. However, some people in China also concluded that "beginning of autumn is cool in the morning and evening; Mosquitoes have been dead since autumn. " This means that although the weather is still very hot after beginning of autumn, it is cool in the morning and evening, and there are fewer and fewer mosquitoes to hate since beginning of autumn.

What needs to be explained here is that due to the fact that the preparation of the trunk and branch is 60 cycles, sometimes, after the initial lodging, Geng Day may not appear immediately, so sometimes, during the middle lodging, it may be more than ten days.

The dog days are the hottest days of the year. "V" means being forced to hide underground. "Three volts" is the general name of the initial, middle and final volts, which appears from mid-July to mid-August in the solar calendar every year. According to the climate law of the lunar calendar in China, predecessors have long stipulated: "The third Geng day from long summer to the future is the first day (the first day), the fourth Geng day is the first day (the second day), and the first Geng day after beginning of autumn is the last day (the third day), which lasts for ten days." In some years, "crouching in the middle" is 20 days, while there are 40 days.

According to the textual research of Shu Tong, the lunar calendar and the perpetual calendar, this year is the year of rooster in the solar calendar in 2005. "Three volts" is: July 15, and the tenth day of the Chinese lunar calendar is the first day (also called Fu Tou); July 25, the twentieth day of the lunar calendar, medium volt (two volts); /kloc-The last day of August (dog days) in 0/4 is the first day of July in the lunar calendar.

Generally speaking, every volt lasts for ten days, and there are thirty days in three volts. But this year's "year" is "medium volt" (two volts) for 20 days. Therefore, the dog days last for forty days. That is, from the first day of October to the last month of the lunar calendar (July of the lunar calendar? Blink? Terrier? Aung San? United neon? Hey?

The "dog days" are determined according to the ancient "method of keeping records of the sun by the cadres and branches". Every summer to the future, the third Geng Day (referring to the day with the word "Geng" on the trunk and branches) is the beginning period, the fourth Geng Day is the middle period, and the first Geng Day after beginning of autumn is the end period, collectively referred to as the dog days. As the saying goes, "it's hot in dog days." According to the traditional calendar of our country, it is the hottest dog days in summer all year round. Three volts refers to three consecutive periods of initial, intermediate and final voltage. From summer to the future, the third Geng day is the first day of dive (today is the first day of dive this year), the fourth Geng day is the first day of dive, and the first Geng day after beginning of autumn is the last day of dive, each of which is 10 day, but in some years it is 20 days, such as this year. Generally speaking, in the "dog days", the average temperature is the highest in the "middle range". Of course, this calculation method of the ancients is not very scientific, and it is not necessarily closely combined with the meteorological reality of that year. The extreme maximum temperature in all parts of the year does not necessarily appear in the "middle volt" or even in the "three volts". But in any case, "dog days" are really hot summer, so everyone should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling.

"March 9th" refers to the third "nine days" after the winter solstice, that is, the 19th to 27th days after the winter solstice. There is a saying "Jiujiu" in the China lunar calendar, which is used to calculate the seasons. The calculation method is from the solstice of winter (counting from the solstice of winter, which means the beginning of cold), every nine days are called a nine, the first nine days are called a nine, the second nine days are called a 29, and so on until the ninth nine days, when the number reaches 998 1 day. At this time, winter has passed and spring has arrived.

Generally, it is the coldest in "Sanjiu". The "third ninth day after the winter solstice" mentioned by friends upstairs refers to "March 9", which is also the day when March 9 and April 9 intersect, not "March 9".

It is a custom in old Beijing to draw a picture of "1999" from the winter solstice. This custom has been recorded in the works of Ming people. This picture shows plum blossom, 8 1 flower bureau (representing 998 1 day). After dyeing a flower with a pen for 8l every other day, 8 1 flower shop has all dyed it, and spring has arrived, so it is called "99 Cold Relief Map". Moreover, in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, there was a relief map engraved with "99 Cold Land", which was sold in the market, which was more convenient, and there was a "99 Song" next to this map.

This song "99 Song" reflects the changes of weather by using people's feelings about cold and phenology (that is, the changes of animals and plants caused by the changes of weather and temperature, such as the germination of willow trees, the flowering of peach trees, the arrival of geese, etc.). ), these are all related to the temperature at that time, and these are not necessarily related to the month and day. When I was a child, the song of 99, which was popular in Beijing, went like this: "1929, don't shoot;" 3949, walking on the ice; 5969, look at the willows by the river; Seven or nine rivers open, and eight or nine geese come; 99 plus 19, plowing cattle everywhere. " Popular rhymes are catchy and easy to remember.

This "99" theory. As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this time, the number of solstice days in winter has reached 998 1, and the cold days are over. And this song (Jiujiu Song) originated from the Song Dynasty. It was very popular in the Ming dynasty, but when it was popular among the people, the versions were different, and the contents and details were different. Let's see.

Five Magazine in the Ming Dynasty recorded a sentence in Jiujiu Song at that time: "1929, don't act rashly when you meet; Three nine two seven. The fence is blowing at the head (referring to the strong wind blowing the fence and making a lot of noise). This musical instrument is the name of ancient northern minorities. ); In 4936, sleeping at night was like camping (meaning it was cold, but sleeping indoors was as cold as sleeping outdoors); In 5945, the sun opened the door; In 6954, poor children fought for the spirit; 1July 963 13, Buner put it on his head (meaning it was hot, he took off his clothes and carried it); In 8972, cats and dogs sought shade; Plow and rake go out together. This statement is more detailed. According to the book, the Song of 1999 at that time (Ming Dynasty) was far from so complicated, and it was very simple and clear: "In 1929, if you meet each other, don't make a move; 3949, drinking around the stove; 5969, visiting relatives and friends; 7989, look at the willows by the river. "And the eyes are popular and easy to remember.

However, the Jiujiu songs recorded in the Ming Dynasty's Scenery of the Imperial Capital are different from the above: "In 1929, I couldn't make a phone call; 3927, the fence head blows; 4936, sleeping at night is like sleeping outside; In 5945, every family made a salt tiger. Here is a metaphor for a snowman made by people. 6954, mouth heating; 7963, pedestrian clothes list; In 8972, cats and dogs sought shade; In 998 1 year, poor people were tortured and had to stretch their feet to sleep, and mosquitoes and fleas came out. " This last sentence gave great sympathy to the poor people who were frozen in winter. There are similarities and differences between these two complicated versions of "Song of Nine Nine Nine", among which it is worth noting that "May of Nine Four Five", the former said "the sun opens the door"; The latter statement is "every family piles up salt tigers." This may reflect the period when these two songs were produced, and the snowfall in winter on Saturday is very different.

The short version of "Song of Nine Nine Nine", which was popular in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Seven nine eight nine, look at the willows by the river." In the last century, "Jiujiu Song" became "5969, watching willows along the river." This change cannot be ignored. It reflects that the weather in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty was colder than that in the last century, so that from the phenological phenomenon, it took some time for willow trees to sprout and grow leaves.

In winter, "99 Songs" is very popular, because the zero-degree cold weather makes people feel very difficult. In fact, there are "99 songs" in summer, but summer is not like winter. What should I draw? "99 Summer Topographic Map". Summer in a year corresponds to winter, and there are also 998 1 day from summer to Sunday. According to "Five Magazines" in the Ming Dynasty, it was recorded as: "1929, fans never leave their hands; 3927, ice water is as sweet as honey (there was an ice bank in ancient times, which stored ice cubes in winter and took them out in summer); 4936. Sweating is like taking a bath; 5945, it is difficult to wear autumn leaf dance; 6954, enjoy the cool people Buddhist temple; 7963, looking for sheets at the bedside; 8972, consider covering the quilt; In 998 1 year, the promotion of weaving was announced in front of the steps. " This summer's "99 Songs" is very lively and interesting, and it is mainly based on people's subjective feelings.

The above winter and summer songs reflect people's understanding and concern about climate change in old Beijing.