What are the two ends of Guiguzi pliers?

Guiguzi is a strategist. Because the fourteenth article of Guiguzi begins with "making love", it expounds the speaking skills and the cultivation of lobbyists from many angles and levels, which embodies the overall style of strategists. The book comprehensively summarizes the experience of lobbying and rises to the theoretical level.

Su Qin and Zhang Yi are teachers.

The book guiguzi

I. About the author of this book and the year of its completion.

According to the expert investigation of modern research on guiguzi, the author's main arguments are three:

One is Guiguzi written in the Warring States Period. Mainly according to Sui Shu's description. Guiguzi first appeared in Sui Shu? Jing Ke's ambition, but in the history of Han? Not including volunteers, which shows that the motivation is insufficient.

Second, Su Qin mentioned above is the author. The main basis is the cloud in Le Yi's note Guiguzi: "Su Qin was fascinated by his spirit, so he took Guiguzi as his pen name. . . "。 The Book of the New Tang Dynasty was written by Su Qin. However, the excavation of Mawangdui silk book shows that Su Qin had a preliminary work similar to Guiguzi before he became famous. Moreover, judging from the vertical and horizontal letters unearthed from Mawangdui, Su Qin's books are more like a part of Perilla frutescens, with different styles from Guiguzi.

The third is that this book was written by a busybody in the Six Dynasties. In Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng believed that the book was first recorded in Sui Shu, and that Guiguzi was written by a busybody in the Six Dynasties, which was a fake. This view can't stand scrutiny. Although Guiguzi was not included in Hanshu, it was mentioned in Shuoyuan compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. The history books also mentioned that Su Qin and Zhang Yi were studying in Guiguzi. In addition, Yang Xiong and Wang Chong in the Han Dynasty also mentioned the mentoring relationship between Guiguzi and Su Qin's Zhang Yi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, hundred schools of thought's founder's theories were mostly compiled by his disciples, so it is unlikely that this book was written in the Six Dynasties.

Finally, according to these inferences, some scholars believe that this book should be based on a hermit in the Warring States period, enriched by military strategists such as Zhang Yi and others, and matured in the Su Qin era. Because of its secret biography, it was not seen by the world until Tao Hongjing.

Two. The historical position of this book

After Guiguzi came out, there were many critics in previous dynasties. Tao Hongjing, Huangfu Mi and Yin are the most famous.

Guiguzi, which is full of wisdom and contingency strategies, has also become a guest of political strategists in all dynasties and even in various countries. During World War II, Japanese spy leader Kenji Toshihara listed it as a must-read for intelligence personnel. Spengler, a German historian and social politician, spoke highly of Guiguzi's originality and emphasized its reference significance in today's international struggle. Henry Kissinger, former US Secretary of State, spoke highly of Bingler's views and thought that he had benefited a lot. Takeo Hashimoto, a famous Japanese entrepreneur, discussed Guiguzi's business strategy in economic activities and business negotiations in his book Guiguzi and Business Strategy, which has a wide influence in Germany, the United States and Southeast Asia.

Guiguzi is a eloquent and eloquent book, which has far-reaching influence in military, diplomatic, commercial and public relations fields.

Nowadays, Guiguzi culture has already gone abroad, and it has become the research object of the United States, Japan, France, Germany and Southeast Asian countries. Guiguzi is regarded as the earliest classic about international communication strategy, and many politicians, scholars and business people have learned tactical wisdom from this book to deal with the increasingly complex international society.

Guiguzi theory has a wide influence in Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and other countries. There are vertical and horizontal research institutes in Tokyo, Japan, and other countries have either vertical and horizontal research institutes of Guiguzi, academic research institutes of Guiguzi or academic awards of Guiguzi. Various academic conferences of Guiguzi are held and experts are invited to give lectures, which promotes the internationalization of Guiguzi culture. (See Encyclopedia of New Guiguzi edited by Fang Lizhong, Academy Press, 1995).

Three. Comments on this book

Since ancient times, the evaluation of Guiguzi has been mixed. First of all, Tao Hongjing in the Southern and Northern Dynasties loved this book, and Gao in the Song Dynasty also spoke highly of Guiguzi in Zi Lu. Liu Zongyuan, a statesman and writer in the Tang Dynasty, was the first person to be relegated. Huang also held a negative attitude towards the book in Reading Record, and Song Lian also strongly denied Guiguzi in Ming Dynasty.

This book has been handed down to this day, and the debate about it has never stopped. Some people think that this book is a practical work: "Its cleverness, changes and words are all based on the table of the Warring States." When the husband passes, he will change his mind. One piece is another, and there are several old people. "Some people think this book is too utilitarian:" The skills of making love, hooking pliers and trying to figure out, are all the wisdom of a little man, but they are used at home, and the family is ruined, used at home, and the country is ruined, used at home and lost the world. "

Guiguzi basically talks about political strategies and skills, such as "flattery", "improvisation", "guessing", "playing tricks" and "flying pliers", all of which are based on the purpose of lobbyists. His point of view shows that as long as you can achieve your goal, you can convince others in various ways. This obvious utilitarian thought conflicts with the traditional Confucian thought of "benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and trust", so it has been greatly criticized, which is also the main reason for the great difference in this evaluation in history.

4. The main content of Guiguzi

There are fourteen guiguzi, of which the thirteenth and fourteenth have been lost. The first article "integration" is the general outline of this book and the main theoretical basis of vertical and horizontal theory. Reaction, internal criticism, arrival, flying clip and harmony are the analysis organizations of counselors, focusing on the external environment, while speculation, mo, quan, mou and Jue are based on the logical thinking of things. Article 12 "Yan Fu" is the standard of words and deeds as a monarch or superior ruler, and it is also a summary of the previous eleven chapters, that is, no matter lobbying, strategy or politics, the purpose is to make the other side reach such a standard.

The rest won't help much.