What do Sima Yi and Liu Chan have in common?

The ultimate goal of being an emperor is to be a wise king and a wise master. No one wants to get involved with the bad king, but historical facts always alternate between the two. It is up to future generations to decide who is wise and who is confused. Generally speaking, wise kings have one thing in common: diligent and loving the people, brilliant, thirsty for talents, good at distinguishing loyal ministers and traitors, good at governing the country and so on. When it comes to bad kings, they all have their own fatuity. Some reasons for the bad reputation of a bad king are that they like treacherous people and stay away from benign ministers; Some of them have no control over power since childhood and ignore the lives of the people at will; Others are addicted to a hobby, such as beauty, such as art; Others are because of low IQ, such as Jin Huidi's "Why don't you eat minced meat?" But when it comes to the IQ of a bad king, we find that sometimes we can use the idiom "No matter how clever a person is, he is stupid". They are just playing dumb and pretending to be "grandchildren". Playing the fool in the eyes of the world, Liu Chan is a mediocre and groggy monarch, and what's more, he is called "mourning the country and being a fool". Because the nickname is Dou, thousands of years later, there is still an "unbearable Dou" in Chinese adjectives to describe the stupidity. Dou really can't afford it Is this gentleman really a fatuous, stupid or even retarded monarch? There is a record in Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Zhuge Liang praised Liu Chan, and those who heard the praise told Liu Bei about it. Liu Bei was very happy, and there was such a sentence in his will: "The Prime Minister lamented your wisdom, which greatly increased his cultivation and expected too much. What am I worried about? " Hey hey. "It means that even Zhuge Liang praised Liu Chan's" great wisdom "and was smarter than expected. What am I worried about? Rejoice, relief. Zhuge Liang is not a person who likes flattery, but Liu Bei is famous for his knowledge. There is no need for Chen Shou to fabricate The Three Kingdoms. Therefore, in the eyes of those closest to him, Liu Chan is by no means as incompetent as the legendary one. Not only that, Zhuge Liang commented in "With Du": "At the age of eighteen, the court was virtuous and kind, and the corporal was an adjutant. "Liu Chan was the Emperor of Shu Han in 4 1 year, and he was the longest reigning emperor in the Three Kingdoms period. When we talk about Liu Chan's emperor career, we often say that he was just lucky to meet Zhuge Liang, but in fact Zhuge Liang only assisted Liu Chan 1 1 year. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan was emperor for 30 years. Why can a fool be in power for so long in that turbulent era of separatist regime? Therefore, for thousands of years, people have misunderstood Liu Chan and failed to understand Liu Chan's extraordinary IQ. One of the advantages: tolerance. Let's restore the historical situation from the perspective of Liu Chan. Liu Chan was only 17 years old when he succeeded to the throne. Liu Bei specifically told him before he died: "You work with the Prime Minister, just like your father. "Although dad is dying, you still have a better prime minister than dad to rely on. Therefore, Liu Chan said that "everything depends on light", while Liu Chan has a principle for everything: do as the Prime Minister says. For Zhuge Liang, who is in power, Liu Chan is also humble in everything, "taking his father as his own responsibility". From Liu Chan's point of view, we can generally understand how difficult it is for an emperor to do this by contacting those unscrupulous emperors who are afraid of being excluded. Later, Liu Chan became old. According to the routine of the dynasty, Zhuge Liang should gradually return the power to Liu Chan and let Liu Chan "become a full member" smoothly. However, Zhuge Liang is still in power for the simple reason that Liu Chan has no experience in governing the country, so he must be in charge of the overall situation. But it is doubtful that you have never given Liu Chan a chance to practice. Where did he get the experience? At this rate, will he never have experience? Zhuge Liang went out to fight, but he was still worried about Liu Chan, who was 22 years old, and sent his confidant to supervise Liu Chan. For these, Liu Chan gave in and Zhuge Liang advocated the Northern Expedition. Although Liu Chan disagreed, he encouraged Zhuge Liang. It can be said that Liu Chan is well aware of the truth that "if there is a disagreement between the monarch and the minister, there will be internal changes", fully understands and strictly implements Liu Bei's teachings and the way to respect the elders, and more importantly, unites the internal leadership team and maintains the stability of the leading group. In this respect, you can say that he just listened to his father, but Liu Chan was generous not only to Zhuge Liang, but also to other ministers. For example, Wei Yan was killed in rebellion. In the face of the emperor's most intolerable rebellion, Liu Chan did not completely deny Wei Yan, but made an imperial decree: "Now that I have been cleared of my charges, I still want to make a coffin for it. "As one of my father's most trusted generals, how could Wei Yan suddenly rebel? Liu Chan also knows that Wei Yan's wisdom is not worse than Zhuge Liang's, but his personality is headstrong and his interpersonal relationship is not good. After Zhuge Liang died, no one could subdue Zhuge Liang's interest groups, so Wei Yan was killed. Liu Chan used "he has corrected his crime, but he still pays attention to his previous achievements and gives him a coffin to bury" to prove his ambition, which also reflects his wisdom to some extent. After all, the rebellion before the battle cannot be "buried in the coffin" by virtue and "thinking about previous achievements." The second advantage: clear mind, knowing people and being good at their duties. Liu Chan is not only more tolerant than the average emperor, but also clear-headed, knowledgeable and analytical, and definitely not mentally retarded. Liu Chan authorized Zhuge Liang to govern the country, which is Zhuge Liang's cleverness. Apart from the issue of belligerence, Zhuge Liang runs the country well. Even after Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan continued to use Zhuge Liang's measures and even reused the people selected by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang longed for the Northern Expedition. Liu Chan's mind is very clear at this time. He is very clear that Shu Wei's strength is not a level at all, but it is not good to directly oppose it. He can only gently persuade Zhuge Liang: "It is difficult to travel south with his father; Before returning to Beijing, I sat without a seat; Now I want to go north, but I'm afraid of worrying. "Zhuge Liang insisted on the Northern Expedition and didn't listen to Liu Chan's advice, but Liu Chan decided to fully support Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan immediately stopped the Northern Expedition which wasted national strength and money. On the appointment and dismissal of personnel, Liu Chan also showed his outstanding side. In view of Zhuge Liang's great power during his lifetime, Liu Chan abolished the prime minister system, taking Fei Yi as minister and general and Jiang Wan as fu. Their powers cross and contain each other, but each has its own emphasis. Jiang Wan is mainly responsible for government affairs and military affairs; Fei Yi is mainly in charge of military affairs as well as government affairs. Military and political affairs and internal affairs are no longer the same person. This new political arrangement means that Liu Chan will never allow the embarrassing situation that the Prime Minister has the final say and he is sidelined, so that he can't stop knowing that the Northern Expedition is wrong. After the death of Jiang Wan, Liu Chan further "monopolized the state affairs". As a formal knight, Liu Chan agreed; The appointment and removal of personnel requires Liu Chan's consent; Send troops to conquer and ask Liu Chan for permission; Almost all major events require Liu Chan's consent. President Liu Chan directly took charge of the Shu-Han regime 19. Is this series of measures and the idea of governing the country behind it what a person with low IQ can imagine and do? The third advantage: I am very happy and have no skin and no face. Historians and scholars from all walks of life commented on the late ruler Liu Chan mainly because of his weakness and ignorance. One of the biggest reasons is that Liu Chan surrendered without a fight, managed to steal peace, and was still "at large" after being captured-this idiom made Liu Chan completely regarded as a shameless loser. How can I put it? Cao Wei's soldiers surrounded the capital, and Liu Chan weighed the strength of both sides. He knows very well that if he resists, the soldiers will suffer huge casualties, which is likely to cause Cao Wei to massacre the city and the people will suffer. After careful consideration, Liu Chan decided to open the door and surrender. After that, he was captured and sent to Luoyang in the north, and was named An Le Gong. Is Liu Chan timid? He can think of his own interests and constantly encourage people to work for himself. In the end, even if the country is destroyed, he is still captured and can still be happy. But Liu Chan chose to surrender. As a result, he was labeled a traitor, but he saved people's lives and property. After the national subjugation, Liu Chan's own life was in the hands of others. Therefore, Liu Chan must play the fool and hide his talents everywhere to hide his life. A famous western writer once said, "It takes talent to play the fool and pretend to be good ... it is as difficult a job as the art of smart people." "Behind Liu Chan's numbness and cowardice, there is an extraordinary cunning and wit. After being demoted to Wei, he specially played the music of Shu at a big banquet to observe the reaction. After listening to this, the old ministers of Shu all showed sad expressions. They were only very happy. Instead of feeling sad, he smiled. Si Mazhao told people at that time, how can a person be so heartless! Later, ask, do you still miss Shu? Immediately replied: "I am very happy here, I don't want to go to Shudu." This idiom was born. Under the guidance of the values of "winner is king, loser is enemy", people are unwilling to accept failed heroes, and only those who are willing to be vigorous are heroes. Liu Chan's performance in Luoyang after his surrender gave him the notoriety of "heartlessness", and the hat of "Helpless Dou" was firmly fastened on his head. However, let's think about it. If Si Mazhao wants to kill Liu Chan, it's a piece of cake. As a prisoner, Liu Chan could not fail to understand this. If he wants to save his life, he must feel weak and incompetent, and "being happy here and not thinking about Shu" is just a smoke bomb released, which successfully saved his life. Under the circumstances at that time, this was the wisest choice and the best policy. On this issue, Liu Chan is really a smart man as stupid as a fool. In the sixth year of Jian 'an (AD 20 1 year), Cao Cao, who was appointed as the ordinary Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, heard that Sima Yi was very talented and sent someone to recruit him as an official of Sikongfu. The news is that Sima Yi suffered from wind arthralgia and could not move normally, and refused Cao Cao's call-up. Cao Cao himself was treacherous and immediately guessed that this was just Sima Yi's excuse. Naturally, he was angry. He immediately sent someone to pretend to be an assassin to verify whether Sima Yi really had wind arthralgia. In the dead of night, the assassin climbed over the wall and window into Sima Yi's bedroom and stabbed Sima Yi with a cold and shiny sword. Sima Yi was bedridden, paralyzed by the wind and impaled by a sharp knife. The assassin put away his sword and walked away. What is the truth? Although Cao Cao was cunning, he was cheated by the young man. After Sima Yi was a noble family, although he had realized the decline of the Han Dynasty and the power had fallen to Cao Cao, Cao Cao was a eunuch with a poor reputation. His Sima family has been an aristocrat for generations, so it's really hard to find him, so I just put this out casually. Of course, it is difficult for ordinary people to do this. It needs an accurate judgment of the assassin's position and intention, the ability to make a hasty decision, and the courage to face the sword and ignore life and death in order to stage this dangerous drama. After all, the sword is ruthless. If it really comes down, Sima Yi will be beheaded on the spot. Pretending to be sick is also a technical job. Sima Yi pretended to be very sick for a long time, pretending that even the servants at home were cheated. Once again, he had books printed in the yard, and suddenly it rained heavily. Sima Yi, who was addicted to books, forgot that she was pretending to be sick, so she got up and went to the yard to collect books. The result was seen by a maid, and Sima Yi immediately let his wife strangle the maid. Because of this, even the most cunning Cao Cao was cheated by him. But there will be good times when you are ill, and Cao Cao has never forgotten him. Seven years later, Cao Cao called Sima Yi again. At this time, Sima Yi realized that if he used Cao Cao's personality again and made excuses to refuse to call, he would be in big trouble. Sima Yi sized up the situation and reported to Cao Cao. Sima Yi successively held important positions under Cao Cao and Wei Wendi Cao Pi. When Wei Mingdi acceded to the throne, Sima Yi was already a veteran of Wei. After Wei Mingdi's death, Prince Cao Fang succeeded to the throne, namely Emperor Wei Shaodi. Cao Shuang became a general and Sima Yi became Qiu. Each of them led an army of 3,000 men and took turns to be on duty in the palace. Although Cao Shuang is a royal family, he is far from Sima Yi in terms of ability and qualification. At the beginning, he had to respect Sima Yi and always listened to Sima Yi's advice. Later, Cao Shuang's henchmen advised Cao Shuang to promote Sima Yi as a teacher in the name of Emperor Wei Shaodi, and actually took away his relieving. Then, Cao Shuang put his confidant and brother in an important position. As a battle-hardened old fox, Sima Yi pretended to be deaf and dumb and didn't interfere at all. When Cao Shuang was in power, he was playful and led an absurd life. In order to establish his prestige, he also led troops to attack Shu Han. As a result, it was defeated by the Shu army and almost completely annihilated. Sima yi simply said that he was sick and no longer went to court. Cao Shuang heard that Sima Yi was ill, although it was to his liking, but after all, he was a little uneasy, so he sent his cronies Sun Sheng to Sima Yi's residence to inquire about the situation. Sun Sheng came to Sima Yi's bedroom and saw Sima Yi lying in bed with two maids waiting on him to eat porridge. Instead of picking up the bowl with his hands, he put his mouth to the side of the bowl and drank. After a few mouthfuls, the porridge flowed down his mouth and spilled all over his chest and skirt. Simple Li Sheng saw it and felt pity for Sima Yi. So I chatted with Sima Yi, who was senile and could hardly hear anything clearly. Lunt returned to Cao Shuang and told Cao Shuang that Sima Yi was relieved and relieved. Cao Shuang listened to, more satisfied. On the first day of the Lunar New Year in 249, Emperor Wei Shaodi went outside the city to worship his ancestors and sweep the grave, followed by Cao Shuang, his brother and trusted ministers. Since Sima Yi was seriously ill, of course, no one invited him. I don't know that Sima Yi's illness was cured in an instant when Cao Shuang and his party left the imperial city. He put on armor and was full of energy. With his two sons Sima Shi and Si Mazhao, he led military forces to occupy the city gate and Hyogo, and falsely passed the imperial edict of the Empress Dowager, dismissing Cao Shuang as a general. Cao Shuang and his younger brother, who only know beer and skittles at ordinary times, were in a mess when they learned the news outside the city. Sima yi sent someone to persuade him to surrender, saying that as long as he handed over the relieving, he would never embarrass them. Cao Shuang obediently surrendered. A few days later, someone denounced Cao Shuang and his gang for rebellion, and Sima Yi sent someone to put all Cao Shuang and his gang in prison and put them to death. Sima Yi pretended to be sick and stupid, and finally took Wei's actual regime into his own hands. In addition to playing the fool, there is another way to hide people's eyes and ears, that is, pretending to be a grandson and a grandfather, that is, Gou Jian, the famous King of Yue, who is famous for "keeping a low profile". "It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period, disputes often occurred between wuyue because of trivial matters, and there were many battles, large and small. However, because it is relatively small, the so-called wuyue dispute is usually caused by Wu's violence against Yue. In 497 BC, the State of Wu defeated the State of Yue in Huiji Mountain. For the long-term benefit, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did not hesitate to surrender to the State of Wu, condescending to be a slave of Fu Cha in the State of Wu and feed horses to Fu Cha. The groom's life is very hard, and Gou Jian knows that this is a sheep in a lion's den. Maybe the prince of Wu will commit suicide if he is unhappy. But Gou Jian is Gou Jian. As a senior think tank, on the one hand, he kept a low profile and honestly fed horses to Fu Cha. On the other hand, he sent people to collect beautiful women everywhere and gave them to Fu Cha. Fu Cha gradually relaxed his "care" for Gou Jian. Gou Jian was scared to death after hearing this, and quickly found Fan Li. At this time, Fan Li thought of a trick of Gou Jian-eating shit! Because Fu Cha was ill at that time, Fan Li let Gou Jian eat Fu Cha's excrement, and then kindly told him when he would recover, just like fortune telling. As for Gou Jian, historically speaking, his forbearance and ten years of sharpening his sword are generally nothing more than "eating his bread and tasting his courage." In fact, it is far more difficult for a defeated monarch to live than to sleep on firewood and taste the bitter fruit. After that, Fu Cha finally made a decision to let Gou Jian return to China. Wu Zixu once again remonstrated with the prince of Wu and strongly opposed the release of Gou Jian, but this time Wu Zixu's words could not shake Fu Cha's trust in Gou Jian. Fu Cha retorted Wu Zixu's words, saying that you didn't even say hello when I was sick, and Gou Jian gave me shit. A word will Wu Zixu "choke" speechless. Later, everyone knew the story. In order not to forget the national humiliation, Gou Jian sleeps on straw every night, sitting and lying down, and tastes it every day before eating. From then on, China had the allusion of "eating and drinking". Such a monarch comparable to the Teenage Ninja Turtles can hardly succeed. After ten years of grinding a sword, Yue finally defeated Wu.