About the customs of Ningbo

Temple worship

The Republic of China "Yin County Tongzhi? Geography? The temple society contains: "The temple of today is also the ancient society. In ancient times, people's settlement must be based on a god, and every proposal in society will be put forward. Therefore, the number of village communities can determine the density of households at that time, which should attract the attention of local historians. Although it's not what I said above, there are many temples and houses are also very prosperous. In the village where they died, their temples were also abandoned, so we can also see the reasons for the rise and fall of the past and present places. Although building a shrine is also one of superstitions, its origin is absolutely different from that of monk temples and Taoist temples. "About 1933, there were 5 17 temples in urban and rural areas of Yinxian County, among which there were 1 59 temples in the urban area (1to area 5) at that time, which was a manifestation of the folk custom of worshipping gods, believing in ghosts and loving sacrifices. The column of "Temple Fair List" in Yinxian Tongzhi contains the name, address, gods worshipped, organization of the temple fair, date of construction and repair, household registration under the temple (at the foot of the temple), temple fair competition, intersection of vertical and horizontal lines on the map and remarks. In the community temples in the urban area, the accounts of more than 1000 households under the temple (at the foot of the temple) are as follows:

The new Narcissus Temple is located in Yanyue Street in Zheng Hui Town, where the gods of Narcissus Garden are enshrined. The organization of the temple fair is divided into five fortresses: Zhou, Han, Lin, Jiang and Shi. Song Shijian, Chief Zhao Yifu wrote the inscription. It was rebuilt in the forty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong, with an inscription. Xianfeng was destroyed in the eleventh year and rebuilt in the second year of Tongzhi. There are 1400 households with more than 6,000 people under the temple. In the old tradition, the Lantern Festival was held on August 15. As the birthday of the God, the performance of sacrifice was stopped today. It's a temple. It's said to be Ashoka's trip to the dragon god.

Tangjun Temple, under the Jingjia Bridge in Qingzhen, is dedicated to Tang Hua, the ancestor of Ming Dynasty. The organization of temple fairs is divided into five pillars: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the eleventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty and in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong. Jiaqing was rebuilt in four years, Daoguang in eighteen years, Xianfeng in nine years and Guangxu in twenty-seven years. There are about 2000 registered households under the temple. The fifth day of June in the summer calendar is God's birthday, and there is a performance to worship God. Old murals in the temple.

Oak Temple is located in Oak Lane, Oak Town, where Zhang Yinling Ming is enshrined. The organization of the temple fair is divided into Qianlongcao, Bhikkhu, Zhoumengqiao and Hehuazhuang 18 castles. Every two castles have a member, a total of nine people presided over the temple affairs. Built in Ming Dynasty, it was frequently maintained in Qing Dynasty, and recorded in Dong Pei. There are probably thousands of households under the temple. February 12 in the summer calendar is the birthday of the gods, a sacrifice and a performance. On August 16, the gods visited every castle, and now it has stopped. According to legend, what is meritorious. Today, every camp held a festival on the Mid-Autumn Festival, saying that Brother Zhang had made meritorious service to the people, so the people gave them temple food.

Baima Temple is located on the bank of Lijia Bridge (formerly known as Lijia Temple Bridge) in Oak Town. It was lost in the examination of offering sacrifices to gods, but according to Lu Youju's preface, it is said to be the same as the White Horse Temple in West Street (worshiping Dou Gong in Song Dynasty). The organization of Temple Church is the same as that of Oak Temple Church. It was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Wang Heting. Destroyed by the wind in the Republic of China, Mao Youqing, Lu, Lin and others in the village raised funds to repair it. The hukou under the temple is the same as the hukou of Oak Temple (about thousands of households). On1October 24th in the summer calendar, people made sacrifices, and today they still follow each other. There is only one temple, half of which is a place for pedestrians to rest.

Xiande Temple, located in the south of Sizhou Town, is dedicated to the artifacts of Hou Shen and Yao. The organization of the temple fair is divided into four castles and four pillars in the southeast and northwest. In the Yuan Dynasty, Dade transported thousands of households to build the site, Lu Yu and Lu Chang were extensively repaired in the first year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in the 57th year of Qingganlong, rebuilt in the 5th year of Tongzhi, and donated money for reconstruction in the 3rd year of the Republic of China. There are 1386 households with more than 5840 people under the temple. Bao made a sacrifice in his second year.

Religious Parade (Ancient)

In the old days, there were competitions to meet the gods in both cities and rural areas, with different names and scales. Pray for God to bless "the country and the people are safe and the weather is good". In the parade of the sports meeting, the flag bearer is usually the leader. There are four cards on it, which are rectangular glass frame lamps with a company written on them and a handle on the bottom. The sedan chair is usually carried by 8 people, with exquisite inlays and delicate faces. There were two gongs in front of the sedan chair, and eight soldiers were guarding them, and they began to drink. Worship in front of the statue, drive all or half, put the front row of the sedan chair in front of the statue to March, be quiet, avoid and other deacons, commonly known as hard-foot cards. The people's umbrella embroidered with yellow satin is behind the sedan chair. When the goddess leaves the temple, add two fans, and the girl is in charge. Most of those who later pretended to be male and female "prisoners" made a vow before God when they were seriously ill, dressed in sinful clothes, shackled, or tied their hands behind their backs, with flags inserted, and even those who hung bronze incense burners on their wrists and lit "meat heart lamps" bowed their heads and marched. In the downtown area, the gunman jumped straight, using the "upturned pole" up and down, up and down, attracting attention. Shovel team, four or six shovelers, shovel. Before the team set off, the first thing to do was to report the horse, whose head was decorated with pompoms, and it was known everywhere.

During the meeting, the club usually has a pair of trumpeters and two trumpeters, playing the long Hu pipe (long horn) on horseback. Colorful horses, colorful silk awnings tied to the saddle, and young women sitting on the saddle, singing alone. The pavilion is carried by 65,438+06 people and is about 2 feet high. Each issue is played by four boys and girls, and there are drama characters such as "Ma Gu presents a birthday" and "Zhao Jun presents a fan". The banner is 3 feet high and made of silk, about 2 feet square. It is held by strong young people, especially those who can run in the air with a flag in one hand. Drum boat, carried by four people, a drummer in the boat, and a lot of gongs hanging on the right side of the boat, also played by one person. There are orchestral classes on both sides, playing all the time. Later, there were various folk art forms, such as stilts, stilts, lion dance, dragon dance and big-head monk dance dance. And all kinds of lanterns, including nine connected lamps, nine square glass lamps are installed on a long wooden frame, and each lamp frame is lit with a candle, which is carried by a person. During the competition, the competition was unique, and the audience flooded along the way.

Urban Games

February games, also known as "back lamp holders", are decorated with lanterns, telling stories and performing in temples. When the Bodhisattva of Jiangdong Oak Temple leaves the temple, it is also called God. In the past, there was a saying that "the Bodhisattva of Oak Temple urged farming, and the Bodhisattva of Taibao Temple urged sending the year".

April and a half will be held from April 1 1 to 13, when five capital gods are sacrificed, so it is called the capital god, and its common name is "April and a half". Neighborhood and peers from all walks of life are regarded as temple fairs, which are divided into four pillars in the southeast and northwest. There are Huxi Old Wenhua Club, South Road Xiexing Club, West Road Fengyun Club, Jiangxia Wenying Club, Samsung Club, Yun Tong Club, Han Xiang Club and Shengli Club, among which Yun Tong Club is produced by Tangxing Street, with colorful lanterns and colorful utensils. There are flags, head cards, hard-footed cards, flag gongs, ten-sided gongs and drums, pavilions, drum pavilions, yarn boats, pearl dragons, jade elephants, colored horses and nine lanterns. 1869 (eight years of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty) On April 13th, visitors to the guild were blocked. When crossing the Xinhe Bridge, the British still charged four copper coins each, causing people to block the bridge and drown more than 400 people. So there is a saying: "Look at the Yun Tong Club and fall under the river bridge." The guild passed through the government, county, prefecture (magistrate) and Dao (Taiwan) yamen, and set up incense tables to greet God, giving silver medals and fruit bags. At that time, neighbors, peers and rich people will compete to offer titles, set up colorful archways in downtown areas and set off fireworks at night. 1892 (in the 18th year of Guangxu), it was not allowed to be abolished until there was a fist-to-fist contest between the military and the civilian in the university field.

September 30th will be held on September 30th, and all the neighborhoods in the city will visit the market with the gods of temple fairs and temples, which is called "Governor", also called "Shehuo", also called September 30th. The ceremony and color pavilion is in the lead, and the golden drum plays are competing for each other. There are self-prisoners, unkempt, shackled, tied with ropes, and there are some "meat lamps" in the guild team.

On the first day of October, the Chenghuang Temple in Fucheng was enlightened, and the statue of worship was carried to the altar outside the north gate to show sympathy for the lonely soul, and sacrifices were offered to the temple. It's called "October Festival", also called October Tide Fair.

Country championship

The church will be held from February to May. The visit to Jiangshan Town, Nanxiang, Yinxian County is held every leap year for three or four days. It is divided into east, west, north and south roads, patrolling the village during the day and patrolling the town at night, which often leads to fights because of rushing to worship God. The meeting in Chaiqiao Town, Zhenhai, hosted by the column of Lujiang Temple, was dedicated to the statue of Lujiang Temple in the sacred sedan chair. It takes turns to patrol the villages in half a month and enters the market at night, which is called "platoon street".

The seedling conference will be held in April and May, when the seedlings will turn green and pray for good weather and good harvests. The seedling meeting of Zhenhai Chaiqiao Town will be held in Daxie Village for 3 days, and the village will be patrolled during the day and Chaiqiao Street will be patrolled at night.

The Daohuaxiang Festival is held in the early rice flowering season (June) to pray for a bumper harvest, with no fixed gods and duration. Generally, the local temple gods are worshipped first, with the sacrificial ceremony, head card and colorful pavilion as the main characters, holding high the statue of "wooden raft", setting off firecrackers and beating gongs and drums. The people under the temple lined up behind the temple and patrolled Tiantou Village Road. In the past, this custom was practiced in Yinjiang Bridge in Xixiang, Zouxi in Dongxiang, Maoshan in Nanxiang, Daqi and Quentin in Zhenhai.

The three northern districts of the Tiger Club (Zhenbei, Bates and Yao Bei) are famous for their extraordinary height, and are called "Tiger Club". It is said that magical art is displayed on the pavilion for the gods to watch. Some very rich families are ingenious. The Taige of Shenshiqiao in Cixi County is particularly famous, commonly known as the "Three North Gaotaige". During the 1932 competition, the pavilion was 5 feet high, with about 10 seats. There are children dressed as drama characters on the stage, and each stage has more than 100 people to carry and care for them.

Gao Qiao will be handed down from generation to generation to commemorate the victory of the Southern Song Dynasty against Jin and Gao Qiao. Four Notes on the Tanzhe Temple in Siming: Zhang Temple, which was blessed by the Song Dynasty for five years, sneaked into West Gao Qiao and made a portrait of the new temple (referring to the sacrifice to Zhang Jun) (Kaiqing). There is a suggestion in the collection of Qi Qi Ting that the temple be changed to Zhang Jun and Gao Qiao. He thought that Zhang Jun should not be worshipped, but he listed seven or eight other schools and said, "If you have made meritorious deeds without sacrificing, you should worship Zhang Jun instead of the so-called Huang Sad people?" To the Republic of China, "Yin County Tongzhi? Geography? Temple Fair, there is no Zhangxunwang Temple in Gao Qiao Town. So it is not clear what gods Gao Qiao will carry out from the temple.

Gao Qiao will cover Gao Qiao, Baiyue, Wangchun, Jishigang and Hengjie, and be jointly organized by Yinxi 12 township. The person in charge of the temple fair consists of five pillars, namely, Changshou Club in Gao Qiao, Zhensheng Club in Jishigang, Yongfeng Club in Maimian Bridge, Fengyun Club in the west foot and the paranormal club in the new temple fair. 1946 When the tournament was reopened, eight clubs were added, totaling 13, which lasted for three or four days. During the game, thousands of people gathered together and the team was miles long. Starting from Gao Qiao, the wedding procession first went to the Stone General Temple in Wangchun Bridge (for honor and keeping promises), then turned back to Wangjing Bridge in the downtown area and returned to Feng 'ao across the street. The rules of the sports meeting include "cleaning the street and being vegetarian", cleaning the street, dismantling the shed, cleaning the dryer and covering it, not hanging clothes outside and cleaning the court; Every family is vegetarian, and every ten households in each column send people to supervise and inspect. If meat eaters are found, they will be fined if persuasion fails. Couples are not allowed to have sex within three or four days of the competition, especially those who carry Buddha, to show their piety to God. There are many high gods, and there are almost no empty hands in the more than 3 thousand congregation during the game. There are twenty or thirty kinds of classification, among which, Daqi 10 is more than 20, Guting sand boat poles are more than 40, and the rest are like nine. The ancestral "Savage Club" founded by the Wu family in Henghe Village plays six savages and six white monkeys, and performs the actions of savages and monkeys while walking. There are also animals dressed as lions, white elephants, tigers, leopards, monkeys, orangutans and so on. There are nine little dragons and nine knots, and five old dragons and twenty-four knots. The dragon dancers change the dial and guard the two sides of the idol. During the competition, there were more than 100 "Juexian" along the way. Moreover, there is the custom of grabbing and lifting the sacred sedan chair, which means that when the sacred sedan chair reaches the local boundary, the local people must carry it, otherwise "Feng Shui" will be taken up by other villages, so fights often occur because of grabbing and lifting the sacred sedan chair, which is slang for "no fight, no meeting". After 1946, the Gao Qiao meeting was not held again.

The paper party is also called Lantern Festival. In Huanggulin, Buzheng and Qingdao Township of Yinxian County, a paper meeting will be held on the Lantern Festival in the first month. The Huanggonglin Temple dedicated to Huanggong Xia in Han Dynasty is divided into 10 castles, and there are more than 4,000 towns and villages under the temple. In the old habits, there was a lantern festival in the first month and a lantern festival in the evening, with colorful fireballs and spears of fire, and people who acted as impermanents, judges and imps interspersed with performances. Many tourists come by boat and have boat races on the river. At the heel of Yujiazhai, three miles away from this temple, there is a shrine of the holy emperor, commonly known as Niangniang Temple, which is the daughter of the temple god Huang, and there are five or six hundred families under the temple. On August 23rd in the summer calendar, the villagers welcomed the temple gods to the old ancestral hall of Yu family and returned to the temple that night. It was an evening performance and a paper party.

Temple fair market

In the old society, large markets in urban and rural areas were mostly related to god worship competitions. The temple fair on the other hill of Yinjiang Bridge in Yinxian County is held three times a year on March 3rd, June 6th and 10/0. Transplanting is just around the corner in the temple fair on March 3, and most of the listed commodities are plows, hoes, dung buckets, hemp fibers and hats. At the temple fair on June 6, before the early rice harvest, most of the commodities listed were bamboo baskets, scooters, brooms, buckets and sickles. 10 10 temple fair, late rice harvest, cold weather, farmers and villagers buy more winter goods and clothes, and the transaction is prosperous. During the period, the "Wushan boat" on the Yinjiang River was crowded with the river, the bamboo rafts and "small beach boats" on the Zhangxi River were crowded with streams, other temples were also performing, and the streets and alleys were crowded with people. Local shopkeepers went to Ningbo a few months ago to handle goods, and merchants and vendors from downtown flocked to build houses, rent booths, set up tents, and set up temporary shops and booths. Three religions and nine streams all go to the market to join in the fun, telling fortune, seeing a doctor, "Zhu Youke" (witch doctor), cupping, selling plasters, juggling, pulling teeth, blowing sugar, singing small burns, selling pear cream candy, "playing copper treasure" (gambling), begging and so on. If there is a dispute, the person in charge of the temple fair will come forward to mediate the ruling.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Games to Meet the Gods have been abolished. No, the temple fair is still on.

Avoid the debt in the temple

In the past, China New Year was also called the Year-end. As the saying goes, "debt lasts only a year." What is owed or what is owed must be settled at the end of the year. On New Year's Eve, firms and rich people sent people to collect debts, and they were "in a daze" ("Hidden Sages and Ruling Together"). Poor and indebted people are forced to take refuge in Yizhuang Temple in the urban area and Ersheng Temple in Zhenhai City. These two temples are places to hide debts. Creditors are afraid to go in and force them to beg, so they are used to it, commonly known as "debt-hiding temples". Avoid this night, don't collect debts on the first day of the first month, in order to relieve the emergency.

Yizhuang Temple, Tongzhi of Yinxian County? Geography? Temple Fair: "Yizhuang Temple, at the bottom of Sanzhi Street in huayuan town, is dedicated to the God of Lou's four villages and will be built tomorrow." Note: "Lou's Yizhuang is in the square, and there is a temple next to Rihu behind this square. Gai is the village god, commonly known as the debt-hiding temple. " According to legend, a woman surnamed Chen lived next to Yizhuang Temple in Qing Dynasty. Because he owed one yuan rent, he was bullied into the temple by the landlord and committed suicide. Later, the temple became a place for the poor to hide their debts and complain. At night, when the poor gather, creditors dare not enter the temple for fear of causing public outrage. Good-hearted people prepare porridge and meals for debtors at night. Today, there are five temples for other purposes.

The Ersheng Temple at the foot of the northern city of Zhenhai County was originally dedicated to Guan and Yue gods, and it was fragrant and cold. Legend has it that on New Year's Eve, a debtor hid in the temple to avoid New Year's Eve. After the news spread, the debtors agreed that a group of debtors would attack him on New Year's Eve, and the creditors were afraid to enter the temple. Later generations are used to each other.

In addition, it is said that Wuyu Temple in Zhouxiang, Cixi is also a place to hide debts on New Year's Eve, also known as "debt-hiding temple".

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's life gradually improved, and the "debt-dodging temple" became a historical relic.

Please ask the dragon for rain.

The Republic of China "Yin County Tongzhi? Bibliography? Etiquette? Superstition "contains:" Please dragon. When farmers encounter a long drought, they invite dragons and the gods of farmers in neighboring villages to pray in Longtan. Occasionally, snakes, eels, frogs, fish and other animals surface, thinking they are dragons, put them in the jar and invite them back. Ask the city guard to bow down to God, or perform a program to show his respect. Send it back when it rains. "

In the old days, the counties in Ningbo invited dragons to beg for rain, which was similar in general, but slightly different. At the banner of Yinxian County, the Dragon King was invited, and the advance team entered the Dragon King Temple at night, wrapped the statue in sacks and carried it to the local temple for worship, which was called "stealing the Dragon King". After a few days, it still didn't rain, so the "Dragon King" had a taste of the suffering of the long drought without rain and the scorching sun, but he was afraid of damaging the idol, so he put on his hat and hemp fiber and was called the "Sun Dragon King". If it doesn't rain again, we'll meet in Longtan and ask the dragon for rain. Gong was issued in advance to announce "no painting" (no fishing on the beach), fish and shrimp were not sold in the market, and all were "clean stoves and vegetarians". Those who ate meat must be punished with four people named Longtan near the battle flag, but when the farmers believed it, they were far away in Longtan, Yantou, Sanshan, Zhenhai. Depart at midnight, arrive at the altar, kneel down with folded hands, recite the Dragon King Sutra, and invite the "Dragon" to appear. At that time, several young people were sent to stand around the pool with fishing gear in their hands. Seeing zooplankton on the water, they were quick of eye and load, and immediately put the "Dragon King" into the net. Then the patriarch made a wish that if it didn't rain for a few days, he would play "Xie Long". Welcome home, people offer sacrifices to the shrine in front of the shrine in the temple. People take turns to "Eucharist" day and night, and the big families in the clan take turns to offer "Eucharist" and offer incense three times a day, which is called "offering rain". If it rains after a long drought, it will be regarded as "effective", and a "Xie Long" play paper party will be held and finally sent back to Longtan. Slightly different is that in some places, when dragons are invited, the heads of families or companions kneel by the pool and use gongs to pick up zooplankton from the pool. In some places, anyone who joins the dragon invitation team holds small flags and basks in the hot sun. You are not allowed to wear straw hats, sandals or sandals to show piety and impress the "Dragon King".

Preconception belief

Auspicious old days, going out to meet magpies is good news; When it comes to coffins, it is said that there are officials and wealth. Sending your mother (also called sending her sister-in-law) in the morning is empty and full. Seeing a "mirage" is lucky and regarded as good luck, which is called "a good start" by the people. Swallows come to the house to make nests. Swallows with red jaws are lucky and swallows with white jaws are normal. Candles and lanterns knot the core (flowers) to indicate a happy event, saying, "The flowers were opened last night, and the money is in my house today." The kitchen fire (burning firewood) exploded, the spider fell off, the chopsticks accidentally fell off the chopsticks cage, and more chopsticks were put on the dining table, indicating that the guests were coming; When the comb falls, it means that a distinguished guest is coming. The left eyelid jumps up and down to express happiness, saying that it is "jumping up and down for wealth and happiness".

In the past, it was unlucky to go out and hear crows. When black excrement is spilled on the body, especially on the top of the head, it means that there is a disaster, and you must spit it out immediately to solve the nightmare; In case of sedan chair, it is considered unfavorable; When the sun is covered with red sand, it is called the ominous zone. It is said that "when you go out and meet red sand, it is difficult to return when you are old." It's unlucky for a sedan chair to meet a sedan chair, so you must grab the left road to clear the way. It is ominous to hear dogs barking at night, such as crying or nine-headed birds barking. The two-headed snake seems to be the main murderer; It is unlucky to see a domestic snake (the snake in the house is regarded as a domestic snake), so you must sprinkle tea on the rice and say, "Go back to the pool smoothly." Chickens are flying on the roof, which means there will be a fire. When a cat reaches the roof of Yue Bai (looking at the moon), it is said that it will get "bad disease", so it should immediately pick up a stone and throw it at the cat. There are white spots on the nails, which are called "naughty stars", indicating that something angry will happen.

After liberation, except for some old people, they still believed in good fortune, but most people no longer believed in it.

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