Are there any local customs in Gaoyou?

Gaoyou has simple folk customs. Custom activities are rich in content and diverse in forms. Gaoyou's economic customs and lifestyle, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, have distinct local characteristics and water color, and are very practical. The old life rituals were often too complicated, but now they are gradually simplified. People generally attach importance to family affection. There are more than 10 folk festivals, among which the main ones are Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. There are also 10 emerging festivals. 1, production customs. For thousands of years, all walks of life have attached importance to the inheritance of experience. In particular, farmers are mostly engaged in agricultural and sideline production by experience and according to the lunar solar terms. Before the 1940s, there were three types of cultivated land for farmers: industrial land, standard land and tenant land. Among them, the industry is its own industry, which is divided into ancestral industry and self-owned. Due to the shortage of money, farmland is farmland that sells farmland, obtains farmland prices, and gives up farming rights in a certain year. There are two kinds of redemption and no redemption. The pre-bid price is about half of the selling price, indicating that the bid period needs to be redeemed at the original price when it expires, and it will be postponed if it is not redeemed; The standard price of the latter is lower, which is 20% to 30% of the selling price, and it is not redeemable at maturity. Tenancy means renting land, mostly from landlords, temples, schools and so on. Farmers farm and pay rent after autumn. Under the production relationship of private land, the sale of land is mostly concluded by intermediaries, and now part of the price is exchanged to obtain the ownership and cultivation rights of land, and the wheat field is paid in the following year. Gaoyou is mostly located in He Lixia sag. Before 1950s, most of the cultivated land was "old retting fields" with one crop a year, and some were "high fields" with two crops a year. The farming system is double cropping and triple cropping a year. In the past, many early-maturing and low-yield indica rice varieties, such as "Thirty Grains" (harvested 30 days after sowing), "Forty Grains" and "Jingzhe", have been replaced by high-yield varieties such as hybrid rice. Due to the lack of land per capita, farmers still intensively cultivate and improve the output rate. In the 1970s and 1980s, we developed beaches, dug intensive fish ponds, raised fish in the water, and planted livestock and poultry on the cribs. The rapid development of water town production has had a great impact on agricultural production customs. In traditional farmland irrigation methods, except for self-flow irrigators, water trucks and windmills are used to lift water, and the power modes are manpower, wind (windmills) and animal power (cattle). "When the mango seeds die by the sword, the young and the old will die together." After the wheat was cut and ploughed quickly, the farmers immediately invited strong laborers to irrigate the fields. Most drivers change jobs for relatives and friends, and also pay them. The driver wears a green towel, a belt around his waist, black cloth around his legs, clogs (embedded with a few copper coins, which make a noise when stepping on the car), bars and bicycles turn, just like a hero. The water drivers are divided into two shifts, with five, six, seven and nine people in each shift, and the shift is changed by "running and raising" (two silk shuttles are connected to the axle, driven by it, one is to pay off and the other is to take up, and the length of silk thread is about 60 to 70 meters, and the time for taking up one thread is one shift, which is about half an hour today). One of the drivers beat gongs, while the other beat drums, singing gongs and drums at the same time. The lyrics are varied, including improvisation, love songs and folklore stories. In the afternoon, they were tired. In order to arouse their fighting spirit, the singers sang "The List of Gods" and "Zhuxian Town", staged big shows of "Bagua Array" and "Longmen Array", and sang deified ancient wars and heroes. At this time, the lay man lit incense sticks at the door of the car to show his divine power and create a solemn and tense fighting atmosphere. Automobile drinking is a strong physical labor, and the householder entertains automobile drinkers with six meals and three drinks every day (breakfast, lunch, light lunch, evening tea and dinner, among which lunch, evening tea and dinner should be accompanied by a dining table). In the process of launching, there is also a competition at each entrance to see who drives fast and sings loudly. There is a two-part allegorical saying in Zhang Xuan Township: "The gongs and drums of Sangshutou (place name) are played separately" to describe this scene. In the past, on the first day of transplanting rice every year, farmers had to worship the land god before transplanting rice in the field. This is called "opening the seedling door", and the seedlings were planted by men and women. In the seedling planting season, there are bursts of yangko in the paddy field, and growers sing yangko with various tunes and contents in the form of solo, duet, lead singer and chorus. There are more than ten kinds of yangko tunes. After planting seedlings, field management should be carried out immediately. In the past, some farmers wanted to hold a "seedling meeting". Before 1950s, when there were no pesticides, pest control was done by hand. If you can't put out the locust plague, please burn incense, hold an locust meeting, an locust king meeting, offer sacrifices to the locust bodhisattva, and pray for the locusts to fly away, so as to eliminate the plague and reduce happiness. Before harvesting, farmers worship the ground first, and then cut the sickle, commonly known as "opening the door." Generally, grain storage consists of nests. On New Year's Eve, farmers always put a big word "Fu" on the grain depot, and some even put "Kangning" on it. The villagers also marked many lime marks in the house and in front of the door with bamboo baskets filled with lime. Some also put up auspicious words and patterns such as "bumper harvest" to symbolize agricultural bumper harvest. This is commonly known as "harvesting rice" and "harvesting ingots". If the next year is not good, people often say, "Play rice for thirty nights-take the opportunity to dance." Farmers often raise pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits, chickens, ducks and geese. Especially pigs and chickens. Every household has it. Pigs are kept in cages and raised in chalk fields. Many birds are free-range. Some people paint poultry in a certain color as a mark. Hui people in Linze and Tang Ling all like raising sheep. In order to raise livestock and poultry well, farmers in the old society often held "God Appreciation" at home, such as bullpen meetings and pigsty meetings. .2. Folk customs. Houses in towns are built along streets, while houses in rural areas face south. The house has a hall, a bedroom next to it and a log cabin (kitchen, mixed residence). Tables and chairs are placed in the main room, where meals, visitors and family activities are mostly held. Live in the bedroom and cook in the kitchen. In the old days, people attached great importance to the layout of the north side of the main hall, and set up an altar here (generally consisting of three main cabinets). On the east side of the altar is the kitchen god, on the west side is the ancestral tablet, and in the middle is the family god. Some family gods are in the main hall, writing "heaven, earth, king (country), family, teacher" or Zhu Jiaxun, or they are gods. Others' furnishings are as old as before. Most traditional houses are built with interesting wooden frames. The roof is hard mountain and two slopes. There is a ridge on the roof. The end of the ridgeline is slightly curved. Traditional houses pay attention to blue brick, gray (small) tile and white (lime) wall. The gate of the rich man is decorated with brick carvings. To build a house, please ask Mr. Feng Shui to choose the land, and start work on an auspicious day. Generally, the off-season is more than two days. Firecrackers were set off when the foundation stone was laid, and the masons were invited to have a start-up wine. People pay the most attention to the position of the central beam. You should choose an auspicious day for the upper middle beam. The vertical column of the previous day was called a warm beam. Relatives and friends send rice cakes, steamed buns, whips, candles, wedding cakes, etc. And the son-in-law gives pigs, cocks and carp (commonly known as "three animals" and "six eyes"). The layman invited relatives, friends and carpenters to eat warm Liang wine in the evening. When boarding the beam, put some tables in the hall, with incense, three sacrifices, cakes, steamed bread and happy paradise meals on them. Put a bucket, a scale (to measure treasures), a mirror (to illuminate demons) and a blue cloth towel (to ward off evil spirits) under the table, and stick auspicious words such as "Fu" and "Lucky Star shines high" on the central beam. Generally, the size of the beam is the same as the height of the house (homophonic with "Lu") and "Ba" (homophonic with "Fa"). In addition, the carpenter's table size is the same as nine (homophonic with "wine") and the bed size is the same as half (homophonic with "companion"). The middle beam crosses the ground, with a basin of evergreen in front and a basin of reincarnation behind it. At midnight, the family washed their hands, burned incense and kowtowed to God. In order to exorcise evil spirits, the carpenter sang: "The sky is mowing the grass, and the ground is mowing the grass. Jiang Taigong is all forgiven here." Then pour the wine with a silver hip flask and sing auspicious songs while pouring. After pouring the wine, two carpenters riding on the second beam slowly pulled the middle beam up with ropes. The tenon of the central beam has been finished. The carpenter will knock it twice and the central beam will be put away. The wooden hammer will be hung on both ends of the beam after knocking and will not be removed. Then hang a Jubilee on the beam with golden flowers (made of colored paper) at both ends. Carpenters have been singing all kinds of auspicious songs in the process of pulling beams, installing beams and inserting golden flowers. Next, the carpenter tied the red and green silk buns wrapped in silverware from the beam and put them into the owner's pocket, which is called "unpacking". At this time, the whip hanging on the beam and hanging to the ground sounded. In the sound of firecrackers, two carpenters on the beam scattered the whole basket of cakes, steamed buns and peaches all over the floor. The onlookers screamed "Oh" and grabbed it. The robber thought it was an honor, and the construction site was full of joy. When the house is completed, the pot is copied into the house, and the head of the household once again holds a banquet to entertain relatives and friends and bricklayers. Fishermen take boats as their home. When shipbuilding, boarding the bow board (commonly known as "going to the bow" and "going to the longkou") is the most lively. Relatives and friends sent "three sacrifices" and firecrackers, red candles, cakes and buns to congratulate. When the carpenter boarded the bow board, there were copper coins with titles such as "Shunzhi" and "Taiping" under the board, and he said all kinds of auspicious words. When the new ship was launched, two "red belts" (red cloth belts) were tied to the bow, and painted doors were set on the ship to congratulate with whips. Every year or two, the big ship will lie on the beach, be oiled and renovated, hang "Happy Red" and whip again to celebrate. 2. Business customs. Business premises are divided into three categories: first, opening shops along the street; second, vendors going to the countryside; and third, holding fairs and temple fairs regularly. The prices of goods in shops are generally clearly marked, and individual vendors also have clearly marked prices, as well as negotiable and bargaining. In the old days, there was jargon, commonly known as whistle, argot and term. Jargon is used to discuss certain things, such as the price of goods, and not to let the customers present know. There are tricks in all walks of life. (1) physical collection. Street snacks, window displays, selling vegetables and wreaths all belong to this category. (2) The model is very attractive. In order to attract customers' attention, exaggerated physical models are often displayed in the window. (3) Symbolic strokes. For example, in the old society, red lanterns were hung in bathhouses and prostitutes' houses, and gourds were hung in hotels. (4) The action is called. Street acrobatics, monkey tricks, dough kneaders, knives, gunpowder, powerful drugs and so on. Attract audience and customers with actions. (5) sound playback. Gaoyou is commonly used by some small traders who go from village to village. Repair umbrellas, hoops, and pots by shouting to attract business, practitioners shake strings, fortune tellers knock on celestial balls (a small copper coin), maltose vendors ring bells, collect second-hand flutes, sharpen knives and scissors, shake iron strings, sell Lantern Festival jiaozi on Muduo, and sell pear cream candy on fishing drums or bamboo sticks. (6) The text is called. This is the most important recruitment form, directly indicating "XX store" and "XX hotel". In the old shop, in addition to the main card with XX font size, there is another stop sign erected at the end of the counter, and each card is limited to four words. For example, there are many books on hotel stop signs, many books on steaming incense, many books on genuine medicinal materials in pharmacies, many books on famous porcelain in Jingdezhen in porcelain shops, and many books on delicacies in grocery stores. There are still signs on the left and right sides of the store door, mostly with the theme of selling goods. For example, the south goods store is "multicolored paper and foil, north and south groceries", the cloth store is "silk satin, all kinds of cloth", and the roasted seeds shop is "spiced melon seeds, good rural sugar chestnuts" and so on. 3. Living customs. Residents are mainly rice, supplemented by pasta and bean products. Pasta varieties include noodles, sesame cakes, fried dough sticks, steamed bread, steamed buns and so on. Bean products include bean curd, dried bean curd, soybean milk, vermicelli, Bai Ye, vegetarian chicken, yuba, bean curd and so on. Not spicy, salty and sweet, and light in taste. The meal system is three meals a day and one dry meal, that is, porridge in the morning and evening and lunch at noon. Now dinner is gradually changed to dinner. Gaoyou cuisine belongs to Weiyang cuisine. The basic characteristics are thick but not greasy, rotten but not paste, original soup original juice, original flavor. In Gaoyou cuisine, seafood dishes are the most delicious. The cooking methods of Gaoyou cuisine mainly include roasting, frying, stewing, stewing, boiling, frying, frying, sliding, frying, stewing, stewing and smoking. Gaoyou cuisine is famous for its top ten famous dishes, top ten famous dishes and Gaoyou duck banquet. The top ten famous dishes are: Bihe Julian (Gaoyou double yellow eggs), Zhuhu Xuelang (snowflake tofu), Dijiu Tianchang (casserole baked home, wild duck), Jinbao Dafa (crispy duck), Xia Wei Fengxian (firewood fan roasted wild duck), Phoenix Yingchun (fragrant peach blossom kite), gold-covered silver (goldfish slices) and jade. There are few cold dishes that northerners like to eat in Gaoyou cuisine. Green onions and garlic are generally not eaten raw. 4. Gaoyou's famous local cuisine. There are winter sugar, double yellow duck eggs, preserved eggs, balsamic vinegar, triple cube cakes, Jieshou dry tea, Linze crystal moon cakes, Linze mutton, Tang Ling salted goose and so on. Gaoyou Shuanghuang duck egg has a long-standing reputation, and only Gaoyou Ma duck, an excellent egg duck variety, can be born. Double yellow duck eggs are as big as goose eggs. Cooked and cut, the two yolks are tightly connected. Protein is like jasper, and the yolk is like agate. It is bright in color and delicious. It's a treasure in an egg. It's amazing. This kind of egg has been exported to more than ten countries and regions. Gaoyou salted duck eggs and preserved eggs are also famous. Another specialty of Gaoyou, winter soup, was carefully made by Lin Dong, a scholar of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It has a history of more than 500 years. It is made of the secret recipe of the palace as the main raw material, sesame chips, sugar, refined flour and barley malt. Nowadays, the production of winter sugar has increased new varieties such as osmanthus winter sugar, rose winter sugar and peach kernel winter sugar. Each candy consists of 48 layers of soft film, with uniform thickness, pure taste and rich nutrition. 1985, Qinyou Dong Tang ranked first in the evaluation of similar products in the province. 5. Gaoyou Street snacks. Many varieties, different seasons and different flavors are admirable. The main varieties are bean curd, Yangchun noodles, wonton, dumplings, glutinous dumplings, crab roe buns, fried dough sticks, crisp biscuits, dumplings, hemp balls, oil wharf, water chestnut, fried dried bean curd, fried dumpling, Kang yam, spring rolls, bean jelly and so on. 6. Decorative customs vary with gender and age. Women and young people pay more attention to decoration, especially girls pay more attention to manners and strive for elegance. Several women painted eyebrows, lipstick and rouge. In the old society, women's foot binding was abolished in the Republic of China. Not many people used to have gold teeth, but now there are very few. In the past, children wore bracelets, locks, locks and collars. On the third morning, the girl rubbed her earlobe with rapeseed and pricked her eyes. She wore a ring on the full moon, one on the left and one on the right. More pampered: boys wear a single ear nail (left ear) and a nose piercing detention (to prevent him from growing up). Women wear bracelets and have hair clips. Jewelry is mostly silver jade, and rich people have gold jewelry. Rural women also like to wear flowers on their heads, tie red ribbons and flower headscarves, and some even wear embroidered aprons around their waists. In 1980s, women wore jewelry, including rings, necklaces, earrings, brooches and hair clips. Ladies' hats and gloves are important parts of clothing besides keeping out the cold.