How can the Indian economy have such a high growth?

First of all, I would like to thank my friends in Zhihu for their invitation. This is a big problem. Let's analyze India's internal advantages and disadvantages from its own conditions, and then analyze India's economic development in combination with the industrial structure of India's economy and Indian historical factors.

I. Natural conditions for India's economic development

India is located in the center of the South Asian subcontinent, extending into the Pacific Ocean in the south, and is the main maritime traffic artery in Asia, Oceania and Africa. India ranks seventh in land area in the world. Most natural resources in South Asia are concentrated in India. India's cultivated land area/kloc-0.70 billion hectares, accounting for 83% of the cultivated land area in South Asia, ranking second in the world; India is rich in iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc and coal resources.

India is rich in animal and plant resources. In agriculture, India is rich in rice, wheat, corn, miscellaneous grains, millet, potatoes, beans, cotton, hemp, peanuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, sugarcane, tobacco leaves and tea, many of which rank first in the world. In forestry, forest is an important resource in India, covering an area of 75 million hectares, accounting for 23% of the country's land area.

It is worth pointing out that India has a coastline of 7,600 kilometers and an exclusive marine economic zone of 2 million square kilometers. The vast Indian sample contains extremely rich biological, mineral and energy resources. At the end of 1980s, India began to survey and register the seabed mineral resources in the Indian Ocean. The utilization of marine resources will greatly make up for the shortage of land resources in India and will have an important impact on its economic development.

Second, India's human resources situation

The strength of national strength has an important relationship with population, especially for becoming a world power. With a large population, we can form a huge consumption capacity, a certain economic scale, a complete industrial system and a strong economic strength. However, overpopulation that exceeds the carrying capacity of domestic resources and productivity has become a limiting factor for economic growth. In 2000, India's population reached 65.438+0.2 billion, accounting for 654.38+0.6% of the world's total population, ranking second in the world. As far as India's population is concerned, both quantity and quality have become the restrictive factors of India's economic development.

(a) The natural composition of the Indian population

India's current population is in a "young" period, and its population growth potential is great. At present, India's population growth rate has reached 2. 1%. This means that India will increase its population by about 24 million every year, and the population will expand rapidly.

(b) Social composition of the Indian population

India is a multi-ethnic country, the largest of which is 10 ethnic groups. The population of this 10 ethnic group accounts for 96.6% of India's national population, of which Hindustan is the largest, accounting for 46.3%. Due to ethnic distribution, history, religion, culture and other reasons, ethnic problems in India are very complicated, and ethnic contradictions are sometimes very acute, which has a great impact on social stability, economic development and people's lives. Among the Indian population, it is particularly necessary to point out India's scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, that is, the so-called "untouchables." They have the lowest social status and no rights. In rural areas, they can only be tenants and farm labourers, and most of them live below the poverty line. There is no soil in the city, so you can only do "dirty work" (such as washing clothes and cleaning). Da Park Jung Su people are not allowed to enter temples, schools and other public places. Although Indian lichen, the constitution stipulates that "Dalits" should not be discriminated against and give civil rights, but it has not been done in fact. In the social composition of population, the employment ratio of population and the industrial composition of employment are most closely related to economy. India's industrialization level is very low, and the population engaged in agricultural production accounts for the vast majority. Agriculture plays an important role in Indian economy. At the same time, there are two levels of differentiation in India: elite groups and low quality. The overall education level can't be compared with our country.

Intuitively speaking from the phenomenon.

At present, there is public education in India, but the conditions are often very simple and there are few places.

Many people who can afford to go to school are basically middle-class families in India.

In terms of higher education, at present, the number of public education places in schools often only accounts for 10-20%, and its price is really cheap. A few hundred RMB a semester. But Indians have a large population, and often these places are unable to make ends meet.

At present, the children who really get a good education in India are generally elite children, and there is also the cost of choosing a school in India. Therefore, poor families have long been dormant, and no longer believe that "education changes fate" in China people's minds. Moreover, the phenomenon that Indians laugh at low-caste people at school is rampant. Or bring the class level into life.

So the poor often turn to religion, hoping to be reincarnated in the afterlife to the rich. The funniest example is asking God for exam results and asking God for his wife's money.

As for the Indian elite, they still believe that the moon abroad is rounder than at home, and they still want to send their children abroad to study.

Three: the internal culture of India

India and China are adjacent to each other, but separated by the towering Himalayas. China people's ideas and practices are quite different from ours. If we want to go beyond these restrictions, we must understand China's rich traditions and culture.

China people and Indians have a lot in common: they respect their elders and authority, attach importance to study, be hospitable and attach importance to family life, and men enjoy a superior position. The difference between us can be attributed to an important factor-different outlook on life: China people are "secular" and Indians are "afterlife". We care about the afterlife, because it will dominate our present life. This concept leads Indians to tend to be negative and pessimistic about their current life.

China people only believe in this life. In their view, the present is the most important and the purpose of life. Because they only have "this life" in their eyes, China people are willing to live a peaceful, comfortable and prosperous life every day. They are more willing to face reality and be pragmatists.

Indians believe in religion and summon many gods to worship. Worship of god is out of fear, or want to get tangible benefits (get rich, get promoted, have children). Indians spent a lot of time and money to please the gods, and created concepts such as heaven and hell, as well as concepts such as evil deeds.

Although Buddhism tries to introduce many Hindu teachings into China, China people still don't look at evil and virtue as we do. Buddhism, Islam and Christianity have all been introduced into China, but China people's attitude towards religion is still lukewarm and utilitarian.

Indians are proud of focusing only on the spiritual world, so they believe in spirit and soul. China people must deal with the spiritual world and the material world. For Indians, the spiritual world is more important than the material world, content is more important than form, and will is more important than expression. For China people, form and expression are more important than spirit and will.