Is the ancient Book of Changes just a book?

The Book of Changes is a mysterious work in ancient China. Because it was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, it was called the Book of Changes, and was regarded as the head of the Confucian classics. Judging from its arrangement style and text content, it is a book of divination. This paper discusses the extensive and profound Yijing, including Yijing and Yijing. In ancient books, only the names "Lianshan" and "Ghost Hide" are not discussed.

When Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Li Si secretly included the Book of Changes in Medical divination, and survived.

As for the author of the Book of Changes, Historical Records said that "the king of literature wrote the Book of Changes", so most of the ancients thought that the Book of Changes was written by Zhou Wenwang according to Sima Qian's theory, but today people have different views. Because it was written very early, the meaning of words evolved with the development of the times, and the content of the Book of Changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was not very good to read, so the ancients specially wrote the Book of Changes to interpret it. The "Book of Changes" we talk about today usually refers to the combination of the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes.

Some people think that the nature of the Book of Divination cannot conceal the value of the Book of Changes as a masterpiece. Divination originates from human desire to explain the world, and the sprout of philosophy originates from primitive religion. The Book of Changes provides a good example for this. In China's philosophy, the basic theory of mutual restraint and unity of opposites between Yin and Yang is rooted in the Book of Changes. Later generations developed a complex philosophical system from the Book of Changes, and the theories of Confucianism and Taoism were obviously influenced by the Book of Changes. Modern people interpret the research value of philosophy, politics, history, military, folk customs and many other aspects from the Book of Changes.

According to Zhou Li's records, there are three methods of divination, and the Book of Changes is just one of them. The other two books, Lianshan and Guizang, have been lost.

The Book of Changes was highly praised by many later researchers, many of whom were regarded as profound scholars at that time. The study of Zhouyi can be roughly divided into two schools: the school of righteousness and the school of image. The school of righteousness pays attention to exploring the philosophical value of Zhouyi, and the school of mathematics pays attention to divination with Zhouyi. The former is like Bi in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, while the latter is like Shao Yong in the Western Han Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. As we all know, Hutuluo Shu and Taiji Tu (including the circular patterns of Yin and Yang fish) were not in the original Yijing, and later generations supplemented it according to their own understanding of Yijing.

China Confucian classics, one of the six classics. Formerly known as Yijing and Yijing, people in the Han Dynasty generally called it Yijing. The word "easy" means "simple"; The other is the meaning of "change", that is, the change of the number of dogs is used to infer the change of the problem, so as to solve the problem. The word "Zhou" before "Yi" refers to the divination method of Zhou people; When I say "Zhoubianyi", I mean to explore the universal law of change. The Book of Changes, as people in the Han Dynasty said, includes two parts: the book of changes and the biography, and the biography is the interpretation of the book of changes. The Book of Changes refers to the images, words and sentences of hexagrams.

When and to whom the Book of Changes was written is still inconclusive. Han Shuzhi put forward the theory that "man is more saint" and thought that Fu painted eight diagrams; Zhou Wenwang played sixty-four hexagrams, made hexagrams and made remarks; Confucius made a biography to explain the classics. After the May 4th Movement, historians questioned the traditional view that historical events and figures after Zhou Wenwang were all mentioned in the hexagrams, which proved that the Book of Changes was not written by one person at a time, so there were different theories about the early Zhou Dynasty, the mid-Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The hexagrams in the Book of Changes refer to the images of hexagrams, which are composed of two kinds of hexagrams, namely "Yang" and "Yin", and are arranged and combined according to six diagrams of each hexagram, totaling 64 hexagrams. The arrangement of the six paintings in the hexagrams is from bottom to top, with one, two, three, four, five and top indicating the order, and the yang is called nine and the yin is called six, with a total of 384 hexagrams. The word to explain hexagrams is called hexagrams, and the next one is hexagrams. Sixty-four hexagrams, 384 words, plus "using nine" for dry hexagrams and "using six" for Kun hexagrams, are called oracles, totaling 450 words.

There are two kinds of books in the order of sixty-four hexagrams: one is the popular Book of Changes, which is divided into upper and lower classics. The upper classics began with dry divination, followed by Kun divination, and the lower classics failed to help divination; The second is the silk book unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha. The first divination is dry, the second divination is negative, and the last divination is profit. There are roughly three kinds of hexagrams and hexagrams; One is to talk about the change of natural phenomena, which is used to compare personnel; The second is to talk about personnel gains and losses; The third is to judge the quality of words. According to research, hexagrams and epigrams reflect the social life of slavery.

Although the Book of Changes is a divination book, its mysterious form contains profound theoretical thinking and simple dialectical thought. For example, it recognizes that everything has its opposite. Sixty-four hexagrams consist of thirty-two opposing hexagrams. The images and words of hexagrams reflect a series of phenomena of unity of opposites in nature and social life, such as "adults" and "villains", good luck, gains and losses, gains and losses, harmony without difference, good luck without benefit and so on. It also recognizes the mutual transformation of opposites. From the Book of Changes, we can see the germination of China's ancient dialectical thought, which occupies an important position in the history of China's philosophy.

In the late Warring States period, Yi-ology gradually became a kind of specialized knowledge, and some systematic explanations of the Book of Changes were collected one after another and merged into five biographies. In the Han dynasty, the study of Confucian classics rose, among which the interpretation of the classic Zhouyi was called Yi-ology. The Yi-ology has a long history, which lasted for more than two thousand years, and formed many schools, such as Tuju School and Yi School. Many famous philosophers have established their own philosophical systems based on the ideological materials provided by the classics of Zhouyi.

The versions of the Book of Changes, Wei Annotation and Tang KongAnnotation, also known as Justice of the Book of Changes, have been included in the Annotation of Thirteen Classics. Song Zhuxi's Book of Changes Justice is a popular reading after the Song Dynasty. From 65438 to 0973, Zhouyi, a silk book unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, was copied in the early years of Emperor Wen, which is different from other versions handed down from generation to generation and is the earliest existing Zhouyi. Li Dingzuo's Collection of Zhouyi in Tang Dynasty, Confucius' Justice of Zhouyi in Tang Dynasty, Cheng Yi's Biography of Cheng's Family in Song Dynasty, Zhu's Original Meaning of Zhouyi in Song Dynasty, Wen Yiduo's Synonymy of Zhouyi in Modern Times and Today's Notes on Zhouyi.