Mongolian custom

"Fifty-six nationalities, fifty-six flowers, fifty-six brothers and sisters are a family ..." There are fifty-six nationalities in China, and the rich national culture has created our beautiful China. Every nation has its own characteristics, religious beliefs and languages. Let's get to know some ethnic minorities. Mongolians are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Mongolians call themselves "Mongolia", which means "eternal fire" and are also called "people on horseback". Mongolians have their own language and writing. There are three dialects of Mongolian: Inner Mongolia, Urad and Balhubriat. At present, the commonly used word1500000000105 Mongolian, which was created with Uighur letters at the beginning of the 3rd century, has become a universal standardization, and has also made great progress in the news, publishing, broadcasting, drama and film industries. Classics such as The Secret History of Mongolia have been identified as world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO. The famous heroic epic Jianger is one of China's three heroic epics. Drinking good food is listed as one of the important medical inventions that have made outstanding contributions to world civilization. Animal husbandry is the main economy on which Mongolian people depend for their long-term survival and development. In addition, they are engaged in processing industry, agriculture and industry. Mongolians believed in Shamanism in the early days, and generally believed in Lamaism after the Yuan Dynasty. Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main components of Mongolian costumes. The ornaments on women's heads are made of agate, pearls and gold and silver. Mongolian people are good at singing and dancing, and folk songs can be divided into Long song and short songs. When you meet your elders or people you meet for the first time, you should ask, "Why are you a white slave?" (hello). It is a traditional virtue of Mongols to entertain passers-by (whether you know them or not). Mongolians pay great attention to etiquette and rules when entertaining guests. For example, if you eat mutton, you usually give the oboe bone with meat and four long ribs to the guests. If you treat your guests with beef, give them a spine with meat, half a rib and a fat sausage. When visiting a Mongolian family, you must respect the host. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged on the carpet and sit around the stove, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, and the owner can't sit casually when he is not sitting. The host usually drinks milk tea, and it is impolite for the guests not to drink it. The host invites the guests to eat dairy products, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it is inconvenient to eat more, you can eat a little. Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongols. When offering Hada, the giver should bend down and hand it to the other party, and the recipient should bend down and let the giver hang Hada around his neck to express his gratitude. When riding a horse or driving near a yurt, Mongols should avoid riding fast again so as not to disturb the cattle. If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are not allowed to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of Buddha worship; Avoid dead animal meat and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues and making loud noises are prohibited when visiting temples, and hunting near temples is not allowed; Mongolian herders regard sheep as the guarantee of life and the source of wealth. During the eclipse, milk and meat are indispensable for every meal. Food made of milk is called Chaganyide in Mongolian, which means holy and pure food, that is, "free food". Food made of meat is called "Ulan Yide" in Mongolian, which means "red food". In addition to the most common milk, Mongolians also eat goat's milk, horse's milk, deer's milk and camel milk, some of which are used as fresh milk drinks, and most of them are processed into dairy products. Mongolian meat is mainly beef and mutton, followed by goat meat and a small amount of horse meat. Yellow mutton is also hunted during the hunting season. There are more than 70 kinds of traditional ways to eat mutton, such as all-sheep banquet, tender all-sheep banquet, all-sheep banquet with wool, roast sheep, roast sheep heart, stir-fry sheep belly and stew sheep brain. The most distinctive ones are Mongolian roast whole sheep (peeling roast), oven roast whole sheep with skin or Alashan roast whole sheep. The most common is hand-cooked mutton. In the daily diet, fried rice is a kind of Mongolian special food, which occupies the same important position as red food and white food. The Mongolians in the western region also have the custom of fried rice "crashing". There are more and more kinds of foods made of flour in the daily diet of Mongolians, the most common ones are noodles and pancakes. They are good at making distinctive Mongolian buns, Mongolian pies and stuffed Mongolian cakes. Mongolians cannot live without tea every day. Besides drinking black tea, almost everyone has the habit of drinking milk tea. The first thing in the morning is to boil milk tea. Milk tea is best boiled with fresh and clean water. After boiling, pour into a clean pot or pot filled with tea powder and boil for 2-3 minutes. Then, mix fresh milk and salt and boil. Mongolian milk tea sometimes adds butter, or milk skin, or fried rice. It is fragrant, salty and delicious and contains a variety of nutrients. But you can't drink milk tea a day. Mongolians also like to cook milk tea with fruits, leaves and flowers of many wild plants. Boiled milk tea has different tastes, and some can also prevent and treat diseases. Most Mongolians drink alcohol. Most of the wines they drink are white wine and beer, and in some areas they also drink milk wine and koumiss wine. Every holiday or gathering of relatives and friends, they all have the habit of binge drinking. Koumiss is made from fresh koumiss by fermentation. No distillation is needed. Typical food: There are many distinctive Mongolian foods, such as roast sheep, roast whole sheep with skin, handmade mutton, fried sheep, roast leg of lamb, milk tofu, Mongolian buns, Mongolian pies and so on. Also: thin cream; Milk skin; Mao Mao sheep feast; Cooked roast sheep; Chinese cabbage and mutton rolls; Xinsu cake; I really want to fully understand all ethnic groups! Our national culture is so rich, which is the characteristic of our country. Therefore, we should strengthen cultural exchanges between ethnic groups, respect their religious beliefs and languages, and build our country into a unified country.

What are the customs of Mongols? (composition) (composition)

Mongolian costumes include jewelry, robes, belts and boots. Men, women and children like to wear robes all year round, double robes in spring and autumn, single robes in summer and cotton or fur robes in winter. Men's robes are generally broad and bold, while women's robes are tight to show their slim and fit figure. Men's wear is mostly blue and brown, while women's wear likes red, pink, green and sky blue. The belt is a Mongolian costume. It is made of satin or cotton cloth and is three or four meters long. Mongolian favorite boots are divided into leather boots and cloth boots. Mongolian boots are fine in workmanship and have exquisite patterns on their surfaces. Wearing jewelry and hats is a habit of Mongolians. Precious raw materials such as agate, jade, coral, pearls and silver make Mongolian jewelry rich and luxurious. Mongolian people have the custom of offering sacrifices to gods. According to the Mongolian custom guide, the chef cut the sheep into nine pieces. The second land, the third Buddha, the fourth ghost, the fifth man, the sixth mountain, the seventh tomb, the eighth amphibious god and the ninth emperor. " Sacrifice to heaven and throw the meat on the yurt; Sacrificial land was thrown into the fire; Sacrifice Buddha statues in front of shrines; The ghost sacrifice is placed outside the bag; The mountain hangs on the branches of the sacred tree, and the tomb is dedicated to the ancestors of the nation. Put it outside the bag and the water god throws it into the river. Finally, it was offered to Genghis Khan and placed in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to ancient Shamanism, which worships many gods. Later, Lamaism, a Mongolian belief, absorbed its ancient folk beliefs and brought many gods into the track of Lamaism. Mongolians in the north celebrate the Spring Festival. Call the Spring Festival a "white festival". On New Year's Eve, the whole family sits among the yurts, and the younger generation will respect their elders for "farewell wine", eat jiaozi around the fireplace, play chess, play "Galaka" (sheep bones), and start drinking and eating at midnight. According to the rules, eat more and drink more, and the more wine and meat left, the better, which symbolizes the endless supply of wine and meat in the new year. Men, women and children put on brand-new folk costumes, and the elders took the whole family to worship heaven and bowed to the southwest in front of the piled "Aobao". Then, they began to pay New Year greetings. The younger generation kowtowed to the elders and toasted Hada, wishing the elderly a long and healthy life. From grade one to grade four, they generally don't go far. After the fifth day, they rode horses and happily took gifts to their relatives and friends to pay New Year greetings.

Cultural characteristics of Mongolian folk customs

Mongolian is a traditional nomadic people mainly distributed in East Asia, one of the ethnic minorities in China and the main ethnic group in Mongolia. In addition, Mongolians are also distributed in Russia and other Asian and European countries, and Ewenki and Tu are sometimes considered as branches of Mongolians. Mongols originated from the east bank of the ancient King Jianhe (now Ergon River). /kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, the Mongolian Ministry headed by Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian ministries and gradually formed a new ethnic community. Mongolians live on grasslands and live on animal husbandry. Living a nomadic life of "migrating by weeds", although this lifestyle has been weakened in modern society. But it is still regarded as a symbol of the Mongols. Mongolian scientific and cultural undertakings are relatively developed, and music and dance also occupy a prominent position in art.

(1) diet

Mongolian people live on grassland and take animal husbandry as the main mode of production. Mainly milk and meat, koumiss, braised pork, roast mutton and tea are their favorite drinks and foods in daily life. The Mongolians in western Liaoning engaged in agricultural production earlier, so they not only kept the traditional eating customs of the Mongolians, but also kept some unique foods in eastern Mongolia. Such as whole sheep soup, "hand-grabbed mutton", Mongolian pie, Lama cake and so on.

The so-called whole sheep soup is to mix fresh mutton with the heart, lungs and intestines of sheep. Cut into strips, cook them together in water, and then eat them with various seasonings. It tastes delicious and is very popular with people. Whole sheep soup is a special diet of Mongolians, and now it has become a kind of food for guests in Fuxin, western Liaoning, especially on the day of "beginning of autumn" in the lunar calendar, commonly known as "grabbing autumn fertilizer".

Handheld mutton is one of the traditional Mongolian foods. To make "hand-grabbed meat", you must choose fat and tender mutton, slaughter it on the spot, peel it into the pot, and add seasoning to cook it. It is a delicious food for Mongolian guests. Because you don't use chopsticks, you use your hands directly, so it's called grasping meat with your hands.

(2) Clothing

Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main parts of Mongolian costumes. Mongolian robe is a robe that Mongolian men, women and children love to wear, and it is a unique costume decoration formed in the long-term nomadic life.

The ornaments on Mongolian women's heads are made of precious stones, gold and silver. , mostly used in festivals and banquets or when visiting relatives and friends, usually wrapped in long colored silk.

The sleeves of the Mongolian robe are long and wide, and the lower end is left and right. The collar is high and the waist is buckled on the right. Lace inlay is often used in neckline, cuffs and hem. Men's robes are mostly blue and brown; Women's robes are mostly red, green and purple.

Wear the necessary belt and riding boots of Mongolian robe to make men look tough and chic; A woman is slim and repairs swords.

Mongolian boots are divided into cloth boots and leather boots. Cloth boots, beautiful and chic, soft and light; Leather boots, crisp and smooth, strong and durable. Riding a horse can protect the ankle and keep out the cold; Taking off your boots naturally when you fall off your horse can ensure your personal safety.

Mongolian people living in Liaoning don't often wear national costumes in their daily lives, but at large festivals or wedding ceremonies, Mongolian compatriots will wear colorful national costumes to show their solemnity.

(3) domicile

Mongolian yurt is the Manchu name of Mongolian herdsmen's housing. In Manchu, home or house is called "Bo", which is later called "Mongolian yurt" because of its sound. Mongols call their houses "Geer"; Han people call yurts "vaults" or "felt houses".

Mongolian yurts are simple in structure, easy to disassemble and carry, which is very suitable for Mongolian nomadic life. Although the shape of the yurt is very small, the use area inside the yurt is very large. Moreover, the air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, are not afraid of wind and rain, which is very suitable for herdsmen to live in transitional grazing. At present, most Mongolian people in Liaoning live in brick and wood houses similar to those of Han or Manchu, but they have obvious national characteristics in interior decoration.

References:

Sogou Encyclopedia baike.baidu/view/2675

Mongolian folk custom

Mongolian folk customs and hospitality etiquette Mongolians regard grand and enthusiastic reception of guests as a virtue.

Their hospitality ceremony includes greeting, handing snuff bottles to each other (this kind of ceremony has gradually disappeared after liberation), drinking and so on. Whether visiting guests or passers-by, when guests arrive, they always say hello first. When the guests are seated, the hostess brings a bowl of fragrant milk tea, and puts on all kinds of milk food, fried rice, hand-grabbed mutton and so on. During which toasting is essential.

Milk tea with hada, silver bowl filled. When toasting, raise your glass with your right hand, hold your elbow with your left hand, and respectfully hand it to the guest.

Mongolian traditional living room is Mongolian yurt. The yurt has a circular spire, consisting of a circular wall (Hana) and an umbrella-shaped top frame, which is covered with wool felt and fixed with wool rope.

The walls and umbrellas are nailed with wooden poles. There is a skylight (Gao Tao Nau) on the top of the bag, which is ventilated and transparent.

The doors are small and wooden, mostly facing south or southeast. The yurt can be disassembled and transported, which is very suitable for nomadic life.

The traditional costumes of Mongolians are Mongolian robes, right-handed, long and wide, high-necked and long-sleeved, belts and leather boots. Xia robe is a single-lined robe made of cotton and silk, with red, yellow and dark blue.

The winter robe is a sheepskin robe with wool face. The hem of men's and women's robes is not open

Red and green ribbons. Men's belts are often decorated with knives, irons and snuff bottles.

Women's hats and jewels are often inlaid with jewels and silver ornaments, which makes them look elegant. I like to wear soft and simple cowhide boots, reaching to the knee.

Farmers wear cloth clothes, such as open robes and cotton-padded clothes. In winter, there are many felt boots and high boots are rare, and the custom of tying the waist has been retained. Most men wear blue and dark brown hats, and some people tie their heads with silk.

Women usually wrap their heads in red and blue headscarves and wear conical hats like men in winter. Unmarried women split their hair from the middle of the front and tied two hair roots with two big round beads decorated with agate, coral and jasper.

The ancient war crown is a popular high hat among Mongolian women in Yuan Dynasty. About a foot long, cylindrical, wrapped in silk fabric.

There are different colors and varieties, but also decorated with all kinds of jewelry and beautiful peacock hair. According to the "ancient customs" you wear, you can identify your identity and social status.

Women wearing this crown can be seen in the movies Kelpolo and Genghis Khan. Mongolian boots, clothing and handicrafts.

There are leather boots and cloth boots (mohair boots). Marco Polo's Travels wrote: "You know, Khan Fen 13 times gave12,000 pieces of baron's robes, and a pair of camel leather boots named Burrell, embroidered with silver silk, which is quite ingenious."

The burial boots are fragrant cow leather boots, decorated with the intestines of a flower disk. Women's cloth boots are often decorated with floral patterns such as apricot blossom, Shandan and peony, as well as bergamot, D pattern, octagonal colon pattern and cloud scroll pattern.

Wrestling clothes and boots. Including vest, trousers, trousers and colored silk belt.

The vest shows the chest. Pants are very wide.

There are rich patterns on trousers, such as clouds, plants, longevity and five bats holding longevity. The pattern is rough and powerful, and the color contrast is strong.

* * * hypertrophy, made of 10 meter fabric, is conducive to heat dissipation, avoiding sweat sticking to the body surface, and also adapts to the characteristics of wrestling. It is difficult for opponents to use leg wraps. Pants are made of tough cloth or flannel.

Knee external use of various pieces of cloth stitching combination sewing patterns, generous and solemn, indicating good luck. All parts of the clothing are properly matched and integrated, which has brave national characteristics.

Wrestling boots are special shoes for wrestling. Tough and thick, with a belt on the boots. When wearing, tie the soles and boots tightly to prevent them from slipping off when kicking, and it is easy to hook each other.

Marriage customs? Mongolians practice monogamy, pay attention to ethics and strictly discuss seniority. Pay attention to the marriage engagement system, parents decide that the man will get married at the woman's house.

At the wedding, we pay attention to singing and making speeches. The traditional Mongolian family is dominated by men, but the wife's opinion can generally be sought for important matters in the family.

After the son got married and had children, he separated from his parents, and the younger son assumed the responsibility of supporting his parents. Mongolian wedding fully shows the unique features of this ancient nation, which is hardworking, brave and good at singing and dancing.

Because of its wide distribution, there are similarities and differences in marriage customs in different places. The common point is that the groom wears a sickle, a Mongolian knife, a bow and arrow, and makes eulogy, congratulations and duets.

In the eastern part of China, the bride takes a bus, sings at the gate, salutes and congratulates at the entrance of the bridal chamber, and even better, grabs the groom's hat when seeing off guests, so as to test the wit and courage of both sides and the speed of getting on the horse. Ordos wedding is the most lively and complete wedding in western pastoral areas.

On the wedding day, relatives and friends of both sides gathered at home in costumes. The bride selection team consists of the groom, the bride selection family and the best man. The bridegroom carries a bow and arrow on his back, and the man's relatives and friends sing at the door to see off the team that picks up the bride. When the groom and his party came to the woman's house, they had to walk around the yurt before they could dismount.

At this time, the bridesmaid stopped the groom's team with felt and began to sing. The bridesmaid has to ask the man many questions, and the man's family has to answer them. After some questioning, the woman was satisfied with the pro-team's answer, and the groom could give gifts. The maid of honor took off the white felt and invited the guests into the yurt, and the grand "black tea" (whole lamb mat) in the yurt began.

The groom presented Hada to the bride's father in the song. The bride is now dressed up in another yurt to say goodbye to her friends.

At the end of the banquet, the bride will go to her husband's house, and her family will sing "Song of Sending a Girl" to see her off. When the bride's team returned to the groom's house, they saw two fires burning in front of the door. The bride wants to pull the whip handed by the groom from the other end of the fire and walk through it.

This ceremony symbolizes the constancy of love and implies purity, evil spirits and prosperity. After entering the yurt, the wedding began and the red veil on the bride's head was taken off. The bride worships her in-laws and relatives.

The groom holds a copper pot and the bride holds a silver bowl to toast the guests. The person who is toasted must drink it in one breath and wish the new couple happiness. The wedding entered * * *, rich banquet, mellow wine, guests singing and dancing, including heartfelt wishes to the couple.

Funeral customs generally don't have a coffin bed, no offerings, no mourning, no paper money, no funeral music. There are three traditional funeral methods: celestial burial, cremation and burial.

At present, burial is widely carried out, and the dead are dressed in new clothes or wrapped in white cloth, and some clean people coated with ghee are put in coffins together with the things of the dead before they go in, and then lamas are invited to recite scriptures. Then go to the cemetery for burial.

Mongols have been taboo since ancient times.

Are you talking about Mongolia or Inner Mongolia? If it is Mongolia, there is a building in Ulaanbaatar 10, with 20 floors. Not surprisingly, people's cities are developing well. If you are talking about Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the main reason is not their customs, but the backward regional economy. The main reason for the regional economic backwardness is that the central government's expenditure and economic development plan are basically not close to there. The population there is relatively sparse. A few talents have basically left, even if there are eight talents, there is no way to work hard. For example, if you study satellites, you are a talented person. What's the use of you there? For example, if you are a chemical talent, there is no efficient chemical plant and you can't use it anywhere. Therefore, it is hard to imagine what tall buildings will appear if we rely on our own development. There is no point in building tall buildings, not that people can't afford them, or they can't afford them. It just doesn't work. There is no such concentrated social and environmental demand. If it's related to customs, it's basically bullshit. Our previous custom was to stay in the cave and eat raw food. As long as it is beneficial, when society develops there, it will naturally change. They don't want to change. Our capital is outstanding, not born this way. Water resources and mineral resources are very scarce in Beijing. The key is that any national plan will think of Beijing first, and Beijing's national financial expenditure and consumption are basically the highest. I'm telling the truth, but I'm afraid it's a little different from your original intention of describing our great rivers and mountains and Mongolian customs. I wonder if you can use him to make a composition.