Mid-Autumn Festival composition 3 13 words

The first article: composition about Mid-Autumn Festival to the Moon

This is a very old custom in our country. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, ancient emperors had the custom of offering sacrifices to the sun at the vernal equinox, to the earth at the summer solstice, to the moon at the autumnal equinox, and to heaven at the winter solstice. Its places of worship are called Ritan, Ditan, Yuetan and Tiantan. It is located in four directions: southeast and northwest. The Moon Altar in Beijing is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to the moon. The Book of Rites records: "The son of heaven is sunny in spring and autumn is in the evening. The DPRK, the evening of the moon. " The moon here refers to offering sacrifices to the moon at night. This custom is not only pursued by the imperial court and the upper nobility, but also gradually affects the people with the development of society.

There are many customs of Mid-Autumn Festival, with different forms and different places, but all of them are entrusted with people's infinite love for life and yearning for a better life. Among them, eating moon cakes is the most common custom.

Chapter II: Historical changes of Mid-Autumn Festival customs in Yue Bai.

The Mid-Autumn Festival was originally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but at this time people celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival mainly by drinking and enjoying the moon, and there was no record of the Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai. The Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty had a folk custom in Yue Bai, but Yue Bai at that time was not important or universal in the Mid-Autumn Festival custom, and the ceremony was far less grand than later generations. According to the information we have seen so far, it was mainly boys and girls who prayed and made wishes for the moon in Yue Bai in Song Dynasty. According to Jin Yingzhi's "Talk about the New Drunken Man" in Song Dynasty, Volume 4 "August" records: "The Mid-Autumn Festival is different from other counties in enjoying the moon in the capital. Children in the whole city, regardless of wealth, can dress up as adults by the twelfth or thirteenth, climb stairs or burn incense in the atrium, each with its own period: men wish to leave themoon early, ascend to the immortal heights, ... women wish to be Chang 'e, and staff (round) wish the moon. "

At that time, someone wrote a poem saying: "It is not surprising that people get into the topic early, just because Chang 'e loves teenagers. "It means that we shouldn't be surprised if others become famous too early, because Chang 'e likes teenagers. There is also a legend in the book: During the Warring States Period, there was a woman named Wuyan in the State of Qi, who was the ugliest woman in the world. Because of Yue Bai's childhood, she was later elected to the palace because of her virtue, but the emperor didn't like her because she was ugly and didn't share a room with her. Once again, the emperor saw her while enjoying the moon. Seeing that she was extremely beautiful, he liked her very much, doted on her and made her a queen. Liu Chenweng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Young Beauty, No Moon after the Mid-Autumn Festival Rain" that "Laugh at him, Yue Bai is never round", which means that when it rains in the Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky will not come apart after the rain, but the moon will not be visible, but children can't miss Yue Bai. According to the above records, the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty is very different from the Mid-Autumn Festival in later generations. First, Yue Bai was a boy and a girl. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, men were not Yue Bai, but mainly adult women. Second, at this time, Yue Bai's ceremony was relatively simple, and no food was prepared as a sacrifice. Besides, what happened in Yue Bai was in the activities of enjoying the moon. Unlike later generations, it is not a special Yue Bai ceremony, nor is it a common ceremony held everywhere.

In the Song Dynasty, Yue Bai didn't see the record of women praying for their children after marriage, but in the Song Dynasty, there was a saying in Jin Yingzhi's "The meaning of drunkenness is not in the new compilation of wine": "As the old saying goes: jathyapple is bright, then the rabbit is pregnant with shadows and has many children. Old seashore clams will produce more pearls when they breathe out the moon shadow, which is better than those who collect pearls and catch rabbits next year. " It is said that people who raise rabbits and pick pearls have divination this evening, which is very effective: rabbits play in the moonlight, get pregnant, and will give birth to many little rabbits in the future; Ancient seashore mussels can produce many pearls when they breathe in the moonlight. Here, it also means that the moon god is in charge of reproduction, but not of human fertility, but of rabbits and mussels. This may be because there is a legend of the Jade Rabbit in the middle of the month, and the full moon is like a pearl.

The third article: Mid-Autumn Festival Yue Bai

In ancient China, there was a custom of "autumn and dusk". The moon at night is to worship the moon god. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table, with offerings such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable. Watermelon must be cut into lotus shapes. Under the moon, put the moon statue in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family takes turns in Yue Bai, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. If people are laid off in advance, the number of people in the whole family will be counted, including those at home and those from other places. You can't lay off more or less, but the size should be the same.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the relationship of the times, the practical utilitarian factors in social life were prominent, and the secular flavor of Japan and China was rich. The lyrical and mythical literati tradition centered on "enjoying the moon" has weakened, and utilitarian worship, prayer and secular feelings and wishes constitute the main forms of Mid-Autumn Festival customs for ordinary people. Therefore, "folk Yue Bai" has become people's yearning for reunion, entertainment and happiness; Send love by the month.

One legend is that ...

According to legend, the ugly women in ancient Qi had no salt. When she was young, she was very devout to Yue Bai. When she grew up, she entered the palace with superior moral character, but she was not loved. Seeing the moon on August 15th, the son of heaven saw her in the moonlight and thought she was beautiful and outstanding. Later, he made her queen, and Yue Bai came from the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the middle of the moon, Chang 'e is famous for its beauty, so Yue Bai, a young girl, wants to be "like Chang 'e and have a bright moon".

ceremony

In fact, Yue Bai developed from offering sacrifices to the moon, so the ceremony in Yue Bai is similar to offering sacrifices to the moon. The process is roughly as follows: burning incense, offering wine, saying greetings, burning greetings, moonlight paper and Yue Bai.

Chapter four: Yue Bai customs of Mid-Autumn Festival.

Yue Bai's purpose is not limited to "men want to go to the Toad Palace early, and climb the noble and noble" ... women want to look like Chang 'e and be as round as a clean moon. In the folk, people also use Yue Bai to predict whether crops will have a bumper harvest. What's more, a woman named Yue Bai will look for children.

Yue Bai, the ancients called it "the sacrifice of Yue Bai". Strictly speaking, there are two "Yue Bai sacrifices".

Once on the day of the "Autumn Equinox", the purpose was to "welcome the cold". After beginning of autumn, Yin Qi gradually prospered, and the ancients held a sacrificial activity "Yue Bai Sacrifice" on this night. The moon is cloudy, which means "cold", so it is called "welcoming cold". Lu Deming, a Tang Dynasty man, explained Zhou Li's sentence "ghosts worship the sun and the moon": "Sacrifice to the sun and the moon is called the vernal equinox, and autumn is divided into late months." "Late Moon" refers to offering sacrifices to the moon on the night of the autumn equinox.

However, the most important "Moon Worship Festival" of the ancients was on the evening of August 15th of the lunar calendar, that is, the Mid-Autumn Festival. This wind has continued to this day.

Due to different times and regions, the custom of "Yue Bai Sacrifice" is similar.

The average family is: offering fruits and moon cakes to the moon in the court, worshipping and then enjoying the moon. For example, Jiajing Henan's "Gushi County Records": "The Mid-Autumn Festival lists melons, fruits and wine cakes, and men and women worship the moon, and they have been happy to drink, which is called playing the moon." "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" also said: "If you leave the land of the moon, Yue Bai will burn moonlight paper and withdraw the offerings, and the people who have left their homes will be exhausted." These are all forms of family worship.

In some places, there is also the custom of people going out to play. This Yue Bai custom was recorded in the newly compiled Notes of the Drunken Man in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The meeting of enjoying the moon in Beijing is different from other counties. A family, rich or poor, can go to the age of twelve or thirteen, dressed as adults, climbing stairs or burning incense in the court of Yue Bai. Each has its own period. Men go to themoon early and climb the fairy laurel ... Women want to look like Chang 'e and be as round as a clean moon. " This passage not only describes the grand occasion of Yue Bai, but also points out the purpose of Yue Bai. In fact, Yue Bai's purpose is not limited to "men want to go to Toad Palace early and climb laurel trees ... women want to look like Chang 'e and be as round as a clean moon". In the folk, people also use Yue Bai to predict whether the crops will have a good harvest. For example, Trivial Records records the folk custom of "occupying buckwheat": "There is no moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, rabbits are sterile, mussels are not born, buckwheat is fake, and rabbits and mussels look forward to it." Although this is unscientific and almost nonsense, it also reflects the worship and utilization of the moon by the ancients.

Because the moon is negative, it gives birth, so in ancient times, even a woman, Yue Bai, begged for children, and even "begging for children" became one of the important activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival. "People's children put fruit cakes and ring clothes under the moon, collectively look at the moon and make a speech. This is called inviting the moon aunt." They hope that "Moon Valley" will send their children. In the Qing Dynasty, "begging for children in Yue Bai" was associated with "touching the autumn". Daoguang Anhui Fanchang County chronicles the local Mid-Autumn Night: "Women traveling together should steal pumpkins from the vegetable garden, which is called touching the autumn. There are also middle-aged beggars, so relatives and friends also take pumpkins at night and use firecrackers to give them away. " All these reflect people's good wishes for children in Yue Bai.

Today, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai is still a festival enjoyed by people, but its cultural connotation has undergone some changes. When the moon is full, people should also be round. As long as the moon is bright, the customs in Yue Bai will continue.

Chapter five: Mid-Autumn Festival customs of ethnic minorities.

The custom of offering sacrifices to the moon and Yue Bai is also popular among ethnic minorities. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the Dai people in Yunnan are popular with the custom of "Yue Bai". According to Dai's legend, the moon was changed by the emperor's third son. In short, he is a brave and strong young man. He led the Dai people to defeat the enemy and won the love of the Dai people. Later, after his unfortunate death, he became the moon, rose to the sky, and continued to emit soft moonlight, bringing light to the Dai people in the dark. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, young people go to the mountains early in the morning with gunpowder guns to shoot fire finches and pheasants to hunt holiday game. Girls and daughters-in-law are busy catching fish in the lake pond. They are all busy preparing holiday dinner. The old lady is busy frying glutinous rice and cooking different sizes of food. Put a glutinous rice round cake on each corner of the four tables, and insert a wick of Leng Xiang into each cake. As soon as the moon rises above the mountains, Leng Xiang will be lit, and the whole family will begin to "Yue Bai". Then, put a gunpowder gun in the air to show respect for the hero's rock tip. Finally, the family happily sat around the small square table, enjoying delicious food and enjoying the moon.

When the Oroqen people sacrifice to the moon, they put a basin of clear water in the open space, and then kneel in front of the basin and bow to the moon; The Tu people filled the basin with clear water and put the reflection of the moon in the basin. Then, people kept hitting the moon in the basin with pebbles, commonly known as "hitting the moon".

The activity of "offering sacrifices to the moon and asking god" of Zhuang nationality in western Guangxi is more typical. Every year in the middle of August in the summer calendar, some are on the Mid-Autumn Festival night. People set up an altar in the open air at the end of the village to offer sacrifices and incense burners. On the right side of the table, a branch or bamboo branch about a foot high symbolizes the community tree and is also a ladder for the moon god to descend to earth. There are ancient moon myth factors preserved here. The whole activity is divided into: inviting the moon god to descend to earth, with one or two women as the spokespersons of the moon god; God and man sing to each other; Luna divination fortune-telling; Singers sing mantras and send the moon god back to heaven in four stages.

Mongolian "Chasing the Moon". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Mongolians like to play the game of "Chasing the Moon". People are riding horses and galloping on the grassland in the silver moonlight. They galloped west, and the moon rose in the east and set in the west. Persistent Mongolian riders, until the moon goes down, "chasing the moon" is more than that. Tibetans "seek the moon". The custom of Tibetan compatriots in some parts of Tibet to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival is "searching for the moon". That night, young men, women and dolls, along the river, followed the bright moon reflected in the water, took pictures of the moon shadows in the surrounding ponds, and then went home to eat moon cakes.

Hezhe people "Yue Bai". During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people pick grapes and offer sacrifices to the moon in Hezhe settlement in northeast China. According to legend, it is to commemorate a clever and hardworking Hezhe daughter-in-law. She couldn't stand her mother-in-law's abuse and ran to the river to ask the moon for help. Finally ran to the moon.

De 'ang people "string the moon". Young men and women of De 'ang nationality in Luxi, Yunnan Province, the Mid-Autumn Festival is bright and the mountains are blocked. From time to time, melodious cucurbit silk is heard, and young men and women "string the moon" together to pour out their hearts. Some also set an engagement through "string of moons", sending betel nuts and tea.

Assisi people "jump on the moon". The traditional custom of celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival is to "jump on the moon". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people from various villages gather in the open space of the mountain village. The girl in gauze jumped up, and so did the big three-stringed boy. However, what is particularly provocative is the duet of young men and women expressing their love, as if the moon was moved by Li.

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the Miao people bathed in moonlight, played melodious lusheng and danced with them. In the "Moon Festival" activities, young people look for suitable people and confess to each other, just like the moon and clear water. Their hearts are pure and bright, and they will never leave for a hundred years.

Gaoshan people "enjoy the moon" The Gaoshan compatriots who live in the mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province wear national costumes, sit around singing and dancing, drink wine and enjoy the moon.

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival in Dong nationality township of Hunan province, an interesting custom "stealing moon dishes" is popular. According to legend, in ancient times, on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, fairies in the Moon Palace came to the underworld, and they spilled nectar all over the world. Fairy nectar is selfless, so people can enjoy fruits and vegetables sprinkled with nectar on this night.

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Dong girls use umbrellas to pick melons and vegetables from their beloved garden, which is not considered as "stealing". They also deliberately shouted: "Hey! I stripped all your fruits and vegetables. Come to my house to eat camellia oleifera! " It turns out that they passed the red line with the help of the Moon Palace Fairy. If you can pick a melon and fruit, it means that they can have a happy love. So the beans that grow in pairs become the objects of their picking. Sister-in-law also went to other gardens to "steal moon dishes" that night, but they hoped to get the fattest melon or a handful of fresh green edamame, because it symbolized the child's fatness and the health of the hairy head (the homonym of edamame refers to the child). Boys also have the custom of "stealing moon dishes" because they also want the moon fairy to give them happiness. However, they can only cook and eat in the wild and can't take them home. Stealing Moon Dishes adds infinite joy and magical brilliance to the Mid-Autumn Festival night in Dong Village.

Chapter Six: Sacrificing the Moon and Burning Incense in Shanghai Mid-Autumn Festival.

The customs of Mid-Autumn Festival in Shanghai include offering sacrifices to the moon and burning incense. When the moon is sacrificed, when the moon rises, an open-air case is set up, which contains moon cakes, melons and fruits, edamame, taro, lotus roots and other foods, as well as a map of the Jade Rabbit Moon Palace. In ancient times, the moon belonged to Yin. In Yue Bai, women worship first, and men worship later. Some people say that "men are not Yue Bai". After Yue Bai, the family had a reunion dinner and a monthly meal. When a woman goes back to her mother's house to stay temporarily, she must go back to her husband's house on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, because this is because of the reunion festival. Traveling on Mid-Autumn Festival night to enjoy the moon, Shanghainese call it "walking on the moon". A night outing with women is called "stepping on the moon". Lujiashi Bridge outside Xiaodongmen, Shanghai, the reflection of the bright moon rippling in the water under the bridge forms a wonderful contrast with the bright moon in the sky. Therefore, tourists are weaving in the Mid-Autumn Festival night, scrambling to watch. This "Liang Shi jathyapple" is very famous in Shanghai, and it is called one of the "Eight Scenes of Shanghai".

There is also the custom of burning incense and fighting among the people in Shanghai. The so-called fragrant barrel, also called fragrant barrel, is made by a shop that binds and binds paper. It is square, big and small, and the big one is about two feet wide in a week. Candles are wrapped in tulle silk, painted with pictures of pavilions and pavilions of the Moon Palace, and some of them are woven with thread incense, and decorated with paper-bound Longmen Kuixing and colorful flags. In Shanghai, the scene of burning incense and closing the door in the Mid-Autumn Festival is the most prosperous in Nanyuan. In addition, the piers of many bridges inside and outside the city are lit with special large incense barrels.