A brief introduction to Zhou Youguang, a famous linguist in China and the father of Chinese Pinyin.

Zhou Youguang, formerly known as Zhou Yaoping, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu, and a famous linguist in China. In his early years, he studied economics, transferred to Beijing from 65438 to 0955, and joined the China Character Reform Committee to study languages. Zhou Youguang's language research center is China's language modernization, and he made a comprehensive and scientific exposition on the theory and practice of China's language modernization. Known as "the father of Chinese Pinyin".

Zhou Youguang is the main maker of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" and presided over the formulation of "Basic Rules of Chinese Pinyin Orthography". After the age of 85, he began to study cultural issues. He has published more than 30 monographs and 300 papers in the fields of philology and culturology in Zhou Youguang, which has had a wide influence at home and abroad. The evaluation network said that Zhou Youguang was "free in thought and independent in personality"; Su Peicheng called it "dare to tell the truth, tell the truth"; Call him "dare to say things that ordinary people dare not say."

20 15 1.6. Changzhou University was named after Mr. Zhou Youguang, and the Zhou Youguang College of Language and Culture of Changzhou University was established, and Mr. Zhou Youguang was hired as the honorary president for life.

Zhou Youguang died in 2065438 10/2 at the age of1.

Human life

childhood

190665438+1October 13. Zhou Youguang was born in Qingguo Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu. At the age of ten, I moved to Suzhou with my family and went to a new school that was initially established at that time.

19 18 entered the preparatory course of Changzhou Senior High School, and officially entered the middle school one year later, becoming a fellow linguist with Lv Shuxiang. When Zhou Youguang was in middle school, the school had two characteristics. First, Mandarin was advocated at that time, but no one spoke Mandarin, and teachers taught in dialects. Second, vernacular Chinese was already being advocated at that time, and so was the teacher. Students in the class can learn ancient Chinese, so they must write ancient Chinese when writing articles, and children must write classical Chinese when writing letters to their parents. It was disrespectful to write the vernacular at that time. However, one teacher has new ideas and often publicizes the vernacular, which is very helpful for Zhou Youguang to get in touch with new things.

Be engaged in finance

1923 was admitted to St. John's University in Shanghai, majoring in economics and linguistics. During his college years, Zhou Youguang took an active part in the Latin neologism movement.

1933 On April 30th, he married Zhang Yunhe. After marriage, the couple went to Japan to study together. Zhou Youguang admired Kawasaki, a Japanese Marxist economist, and left Tokyo University to enter Kyoto University. However, Kawasaki was arrested and imprisoned on June 1933, and Zhou Youguang failed to become a student of Kawasaki.

1935 gave up studying in Japan and returned to Shanghai to teach at Guanghua University. I worked part-time in Shanghai Bank and participated in the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association. His daughter Xiao He was born.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he fled to Sichuan with his family, first worked in Xinhua Bank, and then transferred to the Agricultural Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the National Government as the deputy director of the Chongqing office, in charge of the cooperative treasury in Sichuan Province.

1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to work in Xinhua Bank and was stationed in new york and London successively. After work, I study in my spare time.

From 65438 to 0946, Zhou Youguang was sent to work in Europe by Xinhua Bank. There, he found that Europeans attached great importance to letters, so he bought many books about letters and taught himself.

1949 After the People's Liberation Army captured Shanghai, he returned to China and became a professor at Fudan University and the Economic Research Institute of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. He also works part-time in Shanghai Xinhua Bank and China People's Bank in East China.

Change the language

During the period of 1954, Zhou Youguang was invited as a member of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme Committee by the China Character Reform Committee because he had published some papers and works on Pinyin and Character Reform before.

1955 10, he went to Beijing to attend the national conference on character reform. After the meeting, he was left to work in the China Character Reform Committee and participated in the formulation of Chinese characters in China.

1958 In February, the National People's Congress passed a resolution on the scheme of Chinese Pinyin. In the same year, Chinese Pinyin became a compulsory course for primary schools in China. Teaching Chinese character reform courses in Zhou Youguang, Peking University and other universities, the teaching material Crystal Newspaper system comprehensively summarizes the evolution history of Chinese Pinyin for more than 300 years and the process of China people making Pinyin themselves.

1969 was assigned to the May 7th Cadre School in Pingluo, Ningxia. After work, he began to study comparative characters in Introduction to Chinese Character Reform in various languages.

197 1 After the September 18th Incident, Zhou Youguang and other older intellectuals were released home.

Retirement career

1979 In April, the International Organization for Standardization held a conference on document technology in Warsaw. Zhou Youguang, the representative of People's Republic of China (PRC), made a speech at the meeting and suggested that the Chinese Pinyin Scheme should be adopted as the international standard of Chinese Pinyin.

Starting from 1980, he was one of the three China members of the Sino-American Joint Editorial Committee and the Advisory Committee that translated An Introduction to Chinese Character Reform. The other two members are Liu Zunqi and Academician Qian Weichang.

1982, the International Organization for Standardization approved quotations from Chairman Mao as the international standard for spelling Chinese through international voting.

/kloc-moved to Beijing in 0/984, and then transferred to Banghutong. He once served as one of the three Chinese members of the Sino-US Joint Editorial Advisory Committee, and published the Chinese version of The Concise Encyclopedia Britannica and the international Chinese version of The Chinese Pinyin Scheme. He is the editorial board of Concise Encyclopedia Britannica and the academic consultant of Encyclopedia Britannica.

June 65438+10/October 65438+March 2006, Zhou Youguang was one hundred years old. Zhou Youguang was born in the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. He experienced four periods: the Manchu government, the Beiyang government, the Kuomintang government and the * * * government, so he was nicknamed "the elder of the four dynasties" by his friends. 65438+1October 10. Three days before his birthday, the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee of China held a symposium to celebrate the centenary of teacher Zhou Youguang's birthday.

20 15 65438+ 10 On October 6th, Changzhou University was approved and supported by Zhou Youguang, named after Zhou Youguang, and established Zhou Youguang Institute of Language and Culture, and hired Zhou Youguang as the honorary president for life.

The death of a character

201765438+1October 14. Zhou Youguang, a famous linguist and father of Chinese Pinyin, died at the age of 1 12.

Personality assessment

From 1969 to 1972, Zhou Youguang was called "reactionary academic authority" and "social scum" by radicals.

1972, Zhou Youguang is called "useless person" and "expert".

1985, when he participated in Sino-US cultural cooperation, his brother-in-law Shen Congwen gave him a nickname "Zhou Baike" because he admired Zhou Youguang's erudition.

On the occasion of Zhou Youguang's centenary birthday in 2006, Wang, president of Fudan University, said: "Zhou Youguang is the spiritual symbol of countless people with lofty ideals in the past century."

In 2008, The Encyclopedia of China said that Zhou Youguang "dared to say what most people dare not say" and had "brilliant philosophy and positive philosophical attitude".

20 10 People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, Zhou Youguang is an "outstanding linguist" with perfect personality.

20 10 when reading a Chinese dictionary, Liang Wendao thought that Zhou Youguang was "obviously a little joking" and "he looks like an editor every day".

20 13 Taiwan Province writer Peng Xiaoming thinks that "Zhou Youguang is a member of a vested interest group".

20 1 15 Zhou Youguang 10 birthday poet Shao Yanxiang said, "He is a rare wise man, a benevolent man and a brave man."

20 15 Oriental Morning Post published an article saying: "Teacher Zhou Youguang is a knowledgeable and optimistic intellectual in China."

On 20 15, Zhongping. com published an article saying that Zhou Youguang has "freedom of thought and independent personality", while China traditional intellectuals have the feeling that "in history, everyone has the responsibility to advance and retreat", and their indifferent, poor, simple and thoughtful attitude towards life.

20 15 the people's daily published an article saying that Zhou Youguang was a knowledgeable and optimistic intellectual in China.

20 15 Su Peicheng, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, called Zhou Youguang "clear-minded and dare to tell the truth".