Where is the Black Dragon Pool in Kunming?

Black Dragon Pool in Kunming is a famous scenic spot in Kunming's cultural landscape.

Black Dragon Pool is known as the first ancient temple in central Yunnan. At the same time, it is also famous for its four wonders. The so-called four wonders are Song, Bai, Tea and Ming Tombs.

Black Dragon Pool is located at the foot of Wulong Peak in Longquan Mountain in the northern suburb of Kunming. According to Hanshu Geography, there is Heishui Temple in the northwest of Mianchi County, Yizhou. Ruan Yuan, Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in Qing Dynasty, made a textual research: There was a Heishui Temple in Dianchi County, which was built here, or the site was between the Tang, Mei, Song and Bai Dynasties, and the Dragon Palace was moved down. That is to say, the Heishui Temple in Han Dynasty is now the Black Dragon Pool Taoist Temple and the first scenic spot in Yunnan. Because it is said that the Dragon Palace of Yunnan Dragon King and Black Dragon is here, and the pool water here will not be exhausted all year round, it was later called Black Dragon Pool. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, ordinary people in Kunming have come to Heilongtan to offer sacrifices and pray for rain. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Gongmu family in Guizhou built a large number of buildings here, and renamed Dragon Shrines the Black Dragon Palace. The whole Longquan landscape began to take shape. Since then, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the governor of Yunnan has repeatedly repaired the Longquan concept, and the regulations have been continuously improved. During the Republic of China, it was called Longquan Park.

Shuo Qing, a Manchu poet in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote such a couplet: two plum blossoms in one pool, misty rain at four o'clock and clouds in the mountains. In just fourteen words, it accurately summarizes the main landscape and natural scenery of Black Dragon Pool.

Today's Black Dragon Pool architecture is divided into two Taoist temples. Overlooking the Black Dragon Palace, it is said that it was built in 1454, which is a two-bedroom building. There is an incense burner in the outer court, with eight diagrams engraved on both sides and the Big Dipper on both sides, which is used by Taoism to ward off evil spirits. There is a lifelike sculpture of the black dragon playing in the water in the pool of the yard. Legend has it that the dragon king of Yunnan is responsible for spreading sex and rain. In the Dragon Temple, you can also see black and yellow dragons coiled on stone tablets, as well as some gods in charge of rain, such as the Dragon King, Raytheon's mother electricity and the rain god Feng Bo, all of which are enshrined on the altar. At the end of 2003, the publication of Black Dragon Pool Park resumed, and a couplet of Lin Zexu was carved and hung on the pillar of Black Dragon Palace. The worship and atmosphere of couplets and Dragon Temple are very appropriate, which adds cultural and historical connotation to Heilongtan Park: Dragon Tour is the spirit, spreading Deze; Spring deifies qi, and rain moistens the spring mountain.

In front of the Black Dragon Palace, there is a pool of water between two plum trees. The front and rear pools are connected with water, and the middle is bounded by a stone bridge. On the left is a mud pond with an area of 2,600 square meters and a water depth of 50 cm. On the right is Qingshui Lake, 600 square meters, with an average water depth of 7 meters, the deepest point 1 1 m, and the storage capacity of 4,400 cubic meters. This is the Black Dragon Pool. The two pools of water are connected, but the colors of the water are quite different and distinct, just like the Taoist Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang. This is mainly because the clear water pool is deep and the spring water gushes from the bottom of the pool, so the water color is clear; The mud pool is shallow, and the mud flows into the pool along the hillside after the rain, so the water in the pool is turbid. Standing on the bridge, you can find a wonderful sight: two ponds intersect, fish don't walk, and one bridge crosses the water, with different colors.

Not far from the bridge, it is the Ming Mausoleum, one of the four wonders. It is the burial tomb of Xue Erwang, a loyal and righteous man in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and his family. King Xue Er was a scholar in Kunming in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. According to the Records of Ming Dynasty, Shunzhi Xin Chou (Li Yong reigned for fifteen years in Nanming, AD 166 1 year), Wu Sangui led the Qing army to pursue Li Yong in Nanming, and Li Yong defeated Myanmar from Kunming. King Xueer saw that the general trend of Nanming had gone, and sighed, If you can't attack the city, both the monarch and the minister will die. Therefore, it is shameful to want to live in a barbaric country! I don't hesitate to take seven feet as the meaning of Rand Park Jung Su. He took his wife, daughter-in-law and grandson's maid to the pool to be martyred, and later called them loyal people and set up a tomb to commemorate them. There is a memorial pavilion next to the mausoleum, named Yun Ge Pavilion. Hanging in the pavilion is a couplet written by Xu Hongxun, the provincial judge of Yunnan Province during the reign of Kangxi: Cold pool is clean for a thousand years, and jade bone is a pile of incense. Yuan Jiagu, the champion of Yunnan's economic specialty in the late Qing Dynasty, also wrote a couplet, praising its quality: helping a generation to be upright, and a scholar really takes the world as his responsibility; To serve for a thousand years, the Iraqi people are in the middle of the water. Now Yuan Lian hangs in the Black Dragon Palace, and later generations have written some works. Xue Erwang's family used to live in Xue Jia Lane (now the seat of Taoyuan Primary School) outside Xiaodongmen, Kunming. There was a tablet inscribed by Yuan Jiagu in Zhong Yi, the hometown of Xue Erwang, which is now in the Heilongtan Monument Museum.

There is a stone archway at the foot of the mountain to the north of the mud pond. The front of the square is engraved with the words "Long Yin Hu Xiao" and the back is engraved with the words "Water and sky are one color". There are two stone lions in front of the square and two stone statues behind the square. In Buddhism, there is a saying that the green lion presents an auspicious elephant and the white elephant presents an auspicious elephant. Therefore, from this stone workshop and the Ming Tombs alone, we can see that many temple buildings in China are characterized by the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

Behind the stone workshop is the scenery of Longquan. The mountain gate is the memorial arch of Purple Pole Du Xuan. According to Taoism, Purple Pole and Du Xuan also mean the places where Emperor Wei Zibei and other immortals lived.

When I entered the gate, I saw four characters of Heishui Temple in Han Dynasty, which were said to have been written by Ruan Yuan, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in Qing Dynasty. After that, it is the ancestral hall. The eight diagrams bronze tripod in the courtyard was cast in the 25th year of Qing Daoguang (1845), with 28 seal characters on it. Ding Gao 1.58 meters, weighing 2.5 tons. Obviously, Yunnan is a kingdom of nonferrous metals.

In the center of the stone steps in front of the ancestral hall, there is a huge stone slab with two black Yunlong carved on it playing with the night pearl. It is said that the Dragon's Night Pearl evolved from the ancient Xuanyuan Mirror in China, which is a symbol of China. Playing Dragon Ball means that the dragon is defending the land of China.

There are two pictures hanging on the walls on both sides in front of the temple. Oriental dragons spit water, while western white tigers look at the moon. Qinglong and Baihu are two of the four images of Taoist gods (the other two are Suzaku in the south and Xuanwu in the north). In the gates of some Taoist temples, they are often shaped into two mighty gods. Their duty is to guard the gate of the Taoist temple, just like the two generals in front of the Buddhist temple.

The famous three different trees of Black Dragon Pool are in front of the ancestral temple. Tang Mei, with crooked branches, is said to have been planted by Daoan monk in Nanzhao in Tang Dynasty, with two plants in one bed and one standing. That's why I wrote down two plum trees and a pool of water. Unfortunately, they all died one after another, and now the branch of this plant is only a quarter of that of the original Tang Mei plant. This plum tree belongs to red plum. Although it is aging, it blooms the earliest on the eve of the Spring Festival, with pink double flowers and a fragrant smell. Ruan Yuan once wrote two poems praising Tang Mei:

Chitose plum blossom is on the lake of thousands of feet, and the spring breeze comes to Cai Yun first.

Feng Meng Qiuci flute is played with incense, and the shadow is accompanied by Tianlong Stone Buddhist Shrine.

Yufu was scratched outside the painting, and pears and bamboos often dive into the water.

It's just Du Li's untitled sentence, not talking to Ji Xian Jidi.

Song Kaifu with a heart of stone and the ancient plum blossom with a soul of Yu Bing.

If the edge is not good, the hand is fresh, so the fairy tree belongs to Nanzhao's family.

It's calm and rainy today. In those days, Wan Li was separated by clouds.

When Lao Long sees three seas, he tries to be older than Sister Xianglin.

These two poems are engraved on the stone tablet of this museum. Based on the vicissitudes of Tang Mei's life, the author reviews the history of Yunnan and is full of love for this magical land of the motherland's frontier.

At present, plum trees are widely planted in the back hill of Heilongtan Park, with more than 6,000 plants of nearly 90 varieties including red plum, Bai Mei and green plum, forming a new landscape named Longquan Tan Mei, which is one of the 16 new scenic spots in Kunming. Heilongtan Meiyuan, covering an area of 427 mu, is one of the largest Meiyuan in China.

Next to Tang Mei is the white pine, which is 28 meters high and goes straight to Yun Biao, with dense branches and leaves. It is the most magnificent ancient wood in the view, with a history of 8900 years. Yuan Jiagu once wrote the poem "Song Bai Xing": After eight hundred years of wind and frost, the cypress is still old. Ask Bai why he never changes, because the backbone has roots. This poem not only praises the weather-beaten vitality of white pine, but also expresses the author's lofty aspirations. Lyrical philosophy is complete and has profound meaning.

Camellia trees planted in the Ming Dynasty are also in the courtyard. In late winter and early spring, other camellias are still in bud, as red as fire and as bright as peach blossoms. This variety is called Zaotaohong. Yunnan Nanshan tea is the best in the world. Indeed, the flowers, trees and camellias in central Yunnan are second to none, ranking first among the eight famous flowers in Yunnan and the flowers in Kunming. Ren, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem praising Camellia: Leng Yan yearns for spring, likes corruption, and Camellia ranks in Yunnan. All the trees swallowed the fire, and the residual snow burned red for a long time. This poem vividly depicts the beautiful camellia blooming with frost and snow, sending deep affection to the cold, as bright as the morning glow, which is incomparable to other trees.

Tang Mei, white pine and tea are called the three trees of Heishui Temple. 196 1 When Guo Moruo visited the Black Dragon Pool, he wrote a poem praising: Camellia is a peach blossom tree with a hundred clouds. When I woke up, Tang Mei woke up exhausted, lining the pose man of the White Pine Times. Cui Wei's pen is set on paper and spits out red in a roundabout way. Three different trees in Heishui Temple, and a thousand generations praise Dongfeng. This poem is now engraved on the tablet, standing in front of Guanzhong Camellia bed.

There are about 20 inscriptions on the Black Dragon Pool in the Hall of Reality since the Ming Dynasty, so this hall is also called the Monument Pavilion or the Monument Pavilion. One of the monuments is engraved with a statue of Li Jun. On the inscriptions of Tang Mei and Bai Song, we can appreciate Tang Mei's iron-boned dragon posture and Bai Song's iron-dry spirit. The content of Yongmei's poem tablet is just two of Ruan Yuan's Seven Laws of Yongmei. In addition, there are a large number of precious stone tablets, such as the Black Dragon Pool Stone Tablet built in past dynasties. Poems, books, paintings and engravings are collected in one pavilion, which is not only a precious cultural relic, but also an artistic treasure. The most striking monument is the Daofu Monument, also known as the Braille Monument. In fact, this is a concave plate. The inscription gives birth to four words of everything. Its meaning summarizes the creation theory of Taoism that everything is born in Tao: Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything. This tablet is exquisitely carved, and the light and shade change after being exposed to light, which often makes people have the illusion of visual perception and mistake the actual concave lettering for convex lettering. Therefore, people generally call it the alphabet tablet. This monument was carved according to the symbol _ inscribed by Liu Yuanran, a famous Taoist priest in Ming Dynasty. Liu Yuanran (135 1 ~ 1432), a Taoist in the Ming Dynasty, was born in Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province, and was the founder of the Changchun School of Taoism. He was originally a descendant of Quanzhen Dragon School, and he was familiar with operator and alchemy. He won the favor of Zhu Yuanzhang and Judy and dominated Taoism in the world. Later, he was demoted and sent to Yunnan. After arriving in Kunming, he lived in Heilongtan to preach and founded Changchun School. Because all schools of Taoism are collectively referred to as Zhengyi School, Liu Yuanran is a dual-cultivation Taoist of Quanzhen and Zhengyi School. During his stay in Kunming, he had a great influence on the development of Taoism in Kunming.

There is a tower at the top of the mountain in the north of Longquan view, which is remarkable. The Ming windward tower, with a height of 13m, has seven solid octagonal eaves and is made of stones. It was built in the second year of Qing Xianfeng (1852). There are several couplets engraved on the tower, one of which is a cloud: Tai Chi whirls south to double Jingyue, and the wind gathers north to dominate a pot of heaven. Longquan Mountain is also known as Taiji Mountain. The first part is about the clear and turbid water in the south of Taiji Mountain, like a mirror reflecting the moon on both sides; The second part says that this tower seems to be filled with cold air from the north and full of a pot of wind.

In addition to Meiyuan, Heilongtan Park also includes Gui Huayuan, Dujuan Valley and Hongfeng Forest, as well as bamboo garden, pine garden, autumn garden and nursery. Located among the pines and cypresses on the eastern slope of Heilongtan is the Martyrs Cemetery, where three martyrs, Wang Desan, Wu Cheng and Ma Dengyun, as well as three martyrs, Wang Fusheng, Zhang Fang and Liu Pingkai, are buried. The cemetery is a key cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province and a provincial patriotic education base.

It is worth mentioning that during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, many mainland and coastal troops moved to Kunming. The Northern Institute of Biological Investigation and the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education jointly organized the Yunnan Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Botany, and selected all the palaces and gardens in Longquan Park in Heilongtan as sites. Kunming also appointed Cai, a researcher of the institute, as the manager of Longquan Park. Yunnan Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Plants is the predecessor of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soon, the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the National Peking Research Institute also moved to Longquan Park, which was the predecessor of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The director is Yan Jici, a famous physicist. Today, in the showroom of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, there is still an old photo of the Black Dragon Palace in Longquan Park during the Anti-Japanese War. In the photo, the bar signboard of Yunnan Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Botany hangs on the doorpost of the Black Dragon Palace. At that time, Wu Zhengyi, a young teacher in The National SouthWest Associated University, often came here to visit and practice with students from the Biology Department of the General Assembly. Wu Zhengyi returned to Kunming from Beijing on 1958, and became the director of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a senior academician of China Academy of Sciences.