What are the folk customs in Jianyang?

Folklore, performance and entertainment

Welcome to God-Folk Performance of Water Chicken

Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the water-based greeting of God in the first month of the lunar calendar was rare in all parts of Fujian, which not only lasted for more than 20 days, but also escalated day by day, reaching the level of empty lanes on the evening of the second day of the first month. Here, there are competitions not only every night, but also during the day.

On the first day of junior high school, it started at 9: 00 a.m. in Yongjing Hall of Shantou Square. Several young people in the village beat gongs and drums, carried statues to shape themselves and ran along the street. Young people in every square can grab the road, play, and hide when they get it. The staff in the main square need to look for it alone, get it back and continue the game, commonly known as "Le Weng Dad". From day till midnight, until the players are exhausted.

On the evening of the second day of junior high school, Xu Zhenjun, who was originally scheduled to participate in the Jiangxi guild hall, was removed from the competition because of every fight, which caused public anger. Since then, there has been no competition on the second night of every year.

On the third night, the first game of "Wenchang Dijun" in Qitoufang lasted for 20 nights and four days until the 2nd1night. The gods who participated in the contest were Hou Ling, Emperor Wenchang and the old Buddha of Gong Zu. The most common one is "Shijie Hou Ling", which takes up nine nights and three days. The biggest and most grand event is "Gong Zu Old Buddha". There are five or seven dragon lanterns, two or three groups of fish lanterns, more than 20 colorful tables (commonly known as iron machines, two children dressed as ancient figures and four people wandering the streets), dozens of gongs and drums, hundreds of direct participants, and thousands of people from various towns and villages came to watch the lanterns. At this point, Shui Ji's first Moon God Meeting (commonly known as watching lanterns) ended.

According to the survey, Shuiji God Meeting began in the middle of Ming Dynasty, because the people in Shifang Town basically belong to the "top ten surnames", and most surnames were moved from other provinces or provinces after the middle of Ming Dynasty. Among the seven gods, "Wenchang Emperor", "Guan Sheng Emperor" and "Marshal Shen Gong" are public gods; The five brothers in Historical Records of Hou Ling lived in the local area and had great influence. Others are sectarian and local. For example, the "Gong Zu Old Buddha" was brought in by Zhou Kaiji, and the temple before entering the water base was in Qingtianyan, Liping, and entered Fujian from Jiangxi. "Our Lady in the Sky" is the title of "Mazu", commonly known as "Mazu's mother-in-law", which is enshrined by people in Fuzhou (Sanshantang) and Tingzhou (Tingzhou Hall). The former takes part in the competition on the 13th day of the first month, and the latter goes on patrol on the 15th night. Therefore, the comparison in Meeting God is mainly based on their respective status, power and financial resources, so that their respective status and sphere of influence will not be shaken and violated. This custom was abolished in 1950, and most temples were used for other purposes.

Temple Fair in August-Shiji Temple Celebration

The water-based "Century Temple" was built in the late Tang Dynasty and changed to "Sanhou Temple" (commonly known as the Great Temple) in the early Song Dynasty. Covering an area of nearly 10,000 square meters, the whole temple has three main halls: the main hall is the Jianggong Hall (commonly known as Jiangyuan, called the Century Lord, which was blocked for fighting against the rebels in Huang Chao); Right Temple Guanghui Hou (common name Lin Bixing, giving up life for righteousness); Zuo Ren (common name Zhang Si 'an, was named Hou for his integrity, selflessness and helpfulness, commonly known as "Rebecca"). According to legend, August 1 1 day is the day when the temple was established. On that day, people in Fiona Fang No.1 1 1 square slaughtered pigs and sheep for sacrifice in the temple, with a grand ceremony. Generally speaking, there are dozens of sacrificial tables. In addition to the whole pig and sheep, there are three sacrifices, blessing fruits and fruits placed on the decorated long sacrificial table. Each sacrificial table was carried into the temple by four people and placed in a designated place. After the sacrificial ceremony, eight pairs of honor guards, including gongs, evasive cards, watermelon hammers, knives and axes, took the lead and were presented at various tables. The parade is one or two hundred meters long and very spectacular. After visiting three streets, the whole sacrifice activity came to an end. The people who participated in the sacrifice were scattered in each family's home for dinner. On the eve of the temple fair, a troupe was invited from other places to perform from the tenth night to the twentieth night.

After liberation, the "August Meeting" was used to hold a material exchange meeting from August 1 1 day to 13.

Guessing Boxing Order —— Folk Drinking Culture

Guessing boxing is one of the local folk wine cultures. People often have fun by guessing boxing and drinking during holidays, or hold happy activities and get together with relatives and friends. When the wine is at its best, there are punches everywhere. Two people guess that the outcome will be decided by "chopping wood and burning fire" (boxing elimination) or "grabbing three yards" and winning two games. There is also a person who "plays customs clearance" and works hard and is very lively. When drinking, everyone has a indomitable spirit, and no one wants to give up. If you take turns to challenge, the ending is often "the next table will help you get drunk."

Guessing boxing is a kind of folk game. Two people guess, stretch their fingers, guess the sum of both sides, and the loser drinks. Boxing is not only guessing the number one, two, three, four and five times, but also a set of folk blessings and auspicious words. Before guessing boxing, the two sides surrendered to each other and demanded concessions. In order to enable both sides to punch and shout at the same time, they usually shout "string of shame" (dialect, approximate sound means full life) or come as soon as they come, just like "take your positions ..." in the 100-meter race. At the beginning of guessing boxing, empty boxing (that is, neither side pointed out) was called "opponent", which means diamond cut diamond met a friend. There are shouts of "Bao Dui", "Bao Dui" and "Bao Dui". Some people agree that it is customary not to use empty fists, so they start with empty fists, shout "right hand" first and then start punching.

(a) Shout "Be sure to be promoted" or "Be sure to be rich" to congratulate each other on their promotion step by step and their financial resources are rolling in; There is also "love at first sight", which symbolizes meeting each other late and being happy.

(2) Shouting "two good", "two good brothers", "two happy" and "two happy" means that everyone is happy.

(3) Shouting "Samsung shines high" or "Samsung shines on you", and so on. The so-called "Samsung" is the Fuxing, Luxing and Shouxing that people love to see and hear.

(4) Calling for "making money in four seasons" means that the financial resources are rolling all year round, calling for "four generations under one roof", "peace in four seasons" and "four joys" and so on. The so-called "four happiness" is what people often say about happiness, wealth, longevity and happiness.

(5) It is called "Five Classics Champion", simply called "Five Classics Champion", "Five Classics Champion" and "Five Classics Champion". A champion is a person of the highest rank. In the Ming Dynasty, the Five Classics was regarded as a scholar, and the first one was the first one of the Five Classics, which was synonymous with the imperial examination champion. There is also a popular name called "Wuzi Joining the Company".

(6) Shout "six companies" and "six hands". The ancients chose "good days and auspicious days" when they got married and built new houses. "Six companies" means that the year, the month and the day are all connected. The so-called "Liuhe" is the combination of Zi Chou, Yin Hai, Mao and Wu, Chen and You, Si and Shen, and Wu and Wei, which are collectively called "Liuhe". The "Liuhe" in guessing boxing means all the best and smooth every day, so some people call it "Liu Liushun" or "Liu Liu Dashun".

(7) shout "begging for cleverness" (homophonic seven cleverness). According to folklore, Cowherd and Weaver Girl can meet in the Milky Way every year on the evening of July 7th. According to the old custom, on this night, women aged wine and pickled melons and fruits in front of the courtyard, and tied seven-hole needles on the moon with five-color thread. It is smart to pass. Women ask the Weaver Girl to be smart about herself, so it's called "being smart".

(8) The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea refers to eight Taoist immortals widely circulated among the people, namely: Li Tie Guai, Han Zhongli, Zhang, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu. There is a folk proverb called "Eight Immortals cross the ocean and show their magical powers". The original meaning is that everything can be done. Some are also called "Eight Horses". In ancient times, people with high official positions took eight carriages, which was awesome. "Eight Horses" means that the opponent has the blessing of high officials and rich people.

(9) Address "come quickly" or "come quickly" instead of "nine". This is because the Chinese nation has a traditional custom of taking ten as the beauty and taking ten as the whole. The "ten realms" in Buddhism is an infinite paradise. In contrast, "nine" is a fly in the ointment (one is still missing), so "come quickly" in the wine sequence is to make up one and ten quickly and become perfect.

The "ten" in guessing boxing is often called "all here", also called "full house", "full house" and "family photo", and its meaning is very clear. The wine list sounds like singing. During this period, you can not only see vivid pictures of life, but also appreciate the rich traditional folk wine culture.

Pengdun lights the towering tower lights for good luck.

Pengdun Gao Zhao is a kind of "Gao Zhao" paper lantern, which can be called the king of Jianyang Lantern. This lamp has been lost for more than 40 years. During the Spring Festival of 1988, more than 100 units participated in the first Lantern Festival Street Exhibition in the county, which was displayed in front of Jianyang people with brand-new charm and majestic style, causing a sensation for a while.

"High light", which means auspicious stars are shining high, is a giant paper lamp, which is composed of 12 groups of light boxes and 3 groups of rotating dome lights. It looks like a tower, four stories high. According to Daoguang's Jianyang County Records, this kind of lamp originated in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, people said, "Suzhou is the best gauze lantern and paper lantern is the best in the world, so it is nothing like Jianyang." It can be seen that Jianyang Lantern has a long history, exquisite craftsmanship and magnificent momentum. Due to the complicated production process and high cost, according to the old man's memory, Jianyang only held a "photo shoot" when celebrating War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and land reform. Today, under the vigorous promotion of the excellent traditional culture of ethnic groups and people, Wu Guitang and Zhang, old folk artists from Pengdun Village, Tongyou Township, Jianyang County, led six farmers, and with the support of village cadres and enthusiastic people, mobilized the villagers to donate more than 3,000 yuan to buy production materials everywhere. It took them more than two months to make this big "high photo" with a height of 13 meters and a weight of 200 kilograms from memory, on which 36 flower basket lights with different expressions were hung. The parade was performed by 24 people at the same time, which was very spectacular. In addition, there are 16 girls singing and dancing with 32 traditional flowerpot lamps, three ancient percussion bands and more than 80 folk bands.

The performance of this "high-light" lantern team, which symbolizes auspiciousness, peace and wealth, pushed the whole Spring Festival Lantern Festival and Dragon Lantern Festival street outing to a climax, greatly satisfied the eyes of the masses, and made the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival mass cultural activities in the Year of the Sheep have an unprecedented new atmosphere, reflecting the charm of folk art activities.

Huangkeng Candle Bridge-Lantern Dragon Reflects Red

Huangkeng Candle Bridge, also known as "Candle Bridge Dragon Lantern", is a rainbow bridge composed of candlelight, 240 meters long. Huangkeng Candle Bridge originated in the early Song Dynasty. It is the crystallization of hard work and wisdom of the working people in Jiahe Li (formerly the place name of Huangkeng). Earlier, although Jiahe also had lanterns, dragon lanterns, lanterns, boat lanterns, lion lanterns and flower drum lanterns to celebrate the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, the candle bridge lamp was an auspicious lamp in people's minds. One year's success, one year's success, is pinned on the candle bridge incident.

Candle Bridge Lantern Festival is the largest folk art activity in the township, and each lantern festival has more than 100 members. The candle bridge is a "board" with a length of 2m. Three candle lights are fixed on each board, and there is a 1.5m column at the bottom of the board, which is convenient for operation. At the annual Candle Bridge Festival, each member will make a flower basket lamp with similar style, craft and size. The candle bridge is composed of four sections 12 groups 120 boards, and with dragon tail lights, a total of 365 candle bridges are made, symbolizing 365 days of peace, favorable weather and prosperity of six livestock. A little candlelight in the lamp forms a Changhong candle bridge, just like a special Youlong. As the procession marched, two cymbals opened the way, four salutes rang and dozens of colorful flags fluttered in the wind. Hundreds of big birthday peaches were distributed to the audience and hundreds of candle bridge operators along the way. If you are performing on a big playground, several long dragons shuttle to perform the words "Wan" and "Shou", which is even more dazzling and dazzling. Coupled with the deafening drum music, the ceremony was thunderous and it felt magnificent.

Huangkeng Candle Bridge has been lost for decades. In order to advocate and carry forward the excellent national and folk culture, the people of Huangkeng resumed this grand event. 1990 During the Lantern Festival, the county cultural department and the township government of Huangkeng mobilized 10 more trucks to move Candle Bridge to the urban area to show its elegance and cause a sensation. This grand occasion was broadcast live by Fujian TV and CCTV's Lantern Festival.

The beautiful legend of stinky tofu and milk

Stinky tofu and milk, also known as Jianyang Stinky. Since the Song Dynasty, it has become one of the eight local products in Jianyang. It has been loved by people for hundreds of years. Only authentic Jianyang people own it. There is a legend about stinky tofu milk: once upon a time, there was an old man who sold tofu. One day, the old man's tofu was sold for a whole day, and a small part was left. The old man put tofu in the bowl and hid it with straw.

The next day, the third day ... the old man forgot that there was tofu in the bowl. A few days later, he smelled a special smell, which turned out to be the leftover tofu in the bowl. He is reluctant to throw away the stinky tofu for further processing. He tasted it first, and the more he ate it, the more delicious it was, and he was full of praise for sharing it with the villagers. He thought, this stinky tofu smells bad, but it tastes delicious. Let's call it stinky tofu milk!

Since then, the reputation of "stinky tofu milk" has been opened, and people especially like to eat it. In fact, the production method of stinky tofu milk is very strict. First, cut the tofu into thumb size, remove it from boiling water, dry it, put it in the bowl, cover it tightly with straw and keep a certain temperature. After about 10 days, pieces of tofu turn from white to gray and are covered with fluffy hairs, and then they are dried in the sun until the hairs on the tofu fall off and the color is a little reddish. Then they are placed in a jar prepared in advance and soaked with more than a dozen seasonings such as salt, homemade red wine and garlic core.

You can take it out to eat in a month. Stinky tofu milk is delicious, appetizing and digestion promoting, and has high nutritional value. Among many farmers' homemade foods, stinky tofu is one of the most popular foods. The average family will make several small pots every year for winter or off-season vegetables. For hundreds of years, this stinky tofu milk has come from the people, enjoyed by the people and deeply loved by the people of Jianyang.

Folk etiquette

Celebration etiquette

I. Shouqing

Birthday celebrations in Shuiji area all take "10" as the anniversary, starting with "50 years old" as "longevity" and then celebrating. The most grand celebration is the 60th anniversary celebration, which is called "Flower Flower Flower". A few surnames attach great importance to "Gu Xi" (70th birthday). The old man in Wanyi clan is "70th birthday", and the ancestral hall with public property should allocate a part of rice from the clan property as the birthday gift for this person to show public congratulations.

Shouqing, there is a big difference between the rich and the poor, and it is not bad for ordinary people to hold one or two tables of banquets; Poor people can only get together if they behead chickens and ducks. Rich gentry and bureaucratic families also made a fortune by setting up a birthday hall at home, decorating with lanterns, accepting blessings and hosting dozens of tables. During the Republic of China, a county magistrate in Shuiji celebrated his birthday, and the township head jointly cast a golden Buddha as a gift. A few rich people hold birthday parties, and some of them are for fame and fortune. They hold banquets in ancestral halls, regardless of poverty, and reward young birthday worshippers. And sent people to stand at the entrance of the ancestral temple, stop passers-by, even beggars, and give noodles wine.

Second, separate delivery.

Tian Ding, who is newly married, is a big happy event for her family. She will go to her grandmother's house to "report good news" on the same day or the next day. If it is a baby boy, the tin teapot is filled with glutinous rice, longan, hazelnut, peanut, melon seeds and other "five fruits"; If it is a baby girl, put it in a jar and carry it to grandma's house, and call it "reporting wine", so that people or neighbors along the way will know the difference between men and women.

(1) Three Dynasties: the third day of Tianding, called "Three Dynasties". Because of the different places of origin, the celebrations are different, and some only use fried soybeans and wine to respect guests; There are also people who worship snacks on a flat surface.

(2) Full Moon: It's called the full moon, but in fact it's only ten days before a banquet is held to entertain guests. Friends and relatives feed a rooster, eggs and noodles. The clothes, cradles and a lot of noodles, chickens and eggs that grandma gave her little grandson (female) were called "bottles". The son-in-law will cook a bowl of chicken leg noodles as a snack to entertain the Yue family guests, and then have lunch.

(3) Zhou Da: Generally speaking, people are relatively simple, setting one or two tables to entertain grandma's family and close relatives and friends. Rich people, countless literati. In addition to holding banquets, they also need to put books, Four Treasures of the Study, abacus, account books, gold and silver jewelry and other items on a rice screen or tray for one-year-old babies to choose and play, so as to test their adult ambitions.

Third, build a house.

(1) Choosing a base: Most people choose their own homestead. After the contract is confirmed and completed, they can choose "auspicious day of the ecliptic" to start construction. Rich people have to ask Mr. Geography to choose a "treasure land" and set a direction. Everything is ready, choose "auspicious day" to start work.

(2) Start-up: When starting work according to the selected "auspicious day of the ecliptic", the owner will buy "start-up wine", give the workshop "land" first, and then entertain the relatives and friends of craftsmen and helpers.

(3) Liang Shang: It is a major event to build a house, and all owners attach great importance to it. First of all, the main beam should be cut back from the mountain the day before the beam is released, and it should be watched by special personnel. Women are not allowed to cross and touch irrelevant personnel. Secondly, it must be carried out on an auspicious day (mostly at the beginning of the year); Third, the decoration, in the center of the main girder affixed with red paper, with the "eight laurels" graphics; There is a horizontal batch of "auspicious stars shine high" on the horizontal purlin of the main column; Attached to the column is a couplet "The column is happy on the ecliptic, and the upper beam meets the purple star". Set off firecrackers when sending the main beam. After arriving, the carpenter will throw out the jiaozi or steamed bread prepared in advance for looting, which will be used as a sign of colored hair, and a bouquet of wine will be set at night to show his gratitude.

(4) Move to a new house: After the new house is completed, you should choose an auspicious day, usually in an auspicious morning, Shi Mao, before moving into the new house. The whole family left their hometown at the same time. When they left, they lit candles and set off firecrackers to "thank their families". When going to a new home, every child has to carry a burning torch, and two people carry a "rice cooker" and a cake in a laundry basket, carrying lanterns or lanterns. After entering their new home, they put torches, lit candles and burned paper in the kitchen hall to set off firecrackers for the kitchen god. The rest of the torches are placed at the gate, and lanterns are hung in the middle of the gate. If you use lanterns, put them on the desk. The layman lit a big red candle and a big red incense on the table in the hall, and then burned paper and fired. At this point, the housewarming ceremony is all over. Then prepare lunch money to invite guests, and some will move in for a few days before entertaining guests.

Wedding etiquette

In the old society, the marriage customs were complicated, so young men and women had to listen to "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", and "matching the right family" was the premise. Generally, the man first entrusts the matchmaker to propose to the woman. When the woman finds out the family situation of the man and thinks that the conditions are suitable, she will send her daughter's birthday, that is, the so-called year, month, day and hour (also known as "Geng Year") to the man. The man will ask the fortune teller to calculate the "G" of both sides. If it is counted as "eight-character boxing", the man will return the "Geng paste" to the woman, indicating that he will no longer talk about marriage; If there is no mutual punishment, the man will propose to the woman and hire her.

I. Participation:

Plug and play. After choosing an auspicious day, parents of both men and women hold a banquet for relatives and friends to show that their children's marriage has been decided. The woman is the luncheon, the unmarried husband is the guest of honor, and the rest are her relatives and friends. When the unmarried groom makes a toast to the guests at each table, the recipient should have a red envelope as a meeting gift (the amount varies). The man is a social party, the unmarried daughter-in-law is the guest of honor, and the etiquette is the same as that of the woman's home.

Second, the wedding "ceremony":

Choose the "auspicious day of the zodiac" set in the folk calendar to hold the wedding. The day before the wedding is "engagement day", and the man needs to arrange a number of people (usually eight to ten people) with the matchmaker to put a jar of live chickens, live geese and other banquet supplies, red wine (red paper with the words "Double Happiness" tied to the jar mouth), bride cake, clothes, and a fruit bowl (rectangular cabinet with two or three movable drawers): five fruits are filled inside. At the same time, a batch of "small gifts" (called: Jing Ke, Baizi, Qian Sun, main code, auxiliary code, brochure, pile test, soup, sweeping the floor, shoes, seats, doors, etc.) were sent. , about one or two hundred yuan) and "Invitation to Uncle" (four folded rectangles, written vertically, front page:)

Third, welcome to get married:

The man has a sedan chair, and the drummer and matchmaker go to the woman's house to meet the bride. The bride's family should cook peacefully and treat the wedding guests to snacks. After dressing and changing, the bride puts on a red scarf and is carried on the sedan chair by her uncle or eldest brother to prevent the bride's feet from sticking to her family's soil and taking away her good luck. At the same time, arrange several people (depending on the amount of dowry) to bring the dowry to see the bride off. When it is auspicious, it is to light candles and incense in front of the ancestors' cards and fire a gun to see them off. In addition, the woman's family should also send some small gifts to the man's family. The "small gift" is the same as the man's, plus five small bags, including a test bucket, a beautiful woman, an old man on the moon, an iceman and Tianding. Five red paper packages (in the same shape as the man's), such as Yujie, Bingqing (containing a little rock sugar), Shangen (fern powder), Marin (sesame) and Douyuan (soybean), are posted on the farewell column, which means virtuous and virtuous. After marriage, the man can make a fortune and have a big family. At the same time, I attach Invitation Lang, the content of which is basically the same as Uncle Invitation, but some words have been changed. Rich households have handmaids, land and real estate contracts, and gold and silver jewelry; Medium-sized families only have boxes and cabinets with a small amount of jewelry and clothing; The poor are only accompanied by pots, suitcases, mirror tables and a small amount of clothes. There are two people carrying lanterns, two playing trombone as the team leader, accompanied by flute and drum music.

The sedan chair arrived at the man's house and was greeted by big fireworks. When the bride gets off the sedan chair, after the emcee sings the auspicious words, the bridesmaid helps the bride to the class, and both the bride and groom bow down to heaven and earth, ancestors, grandparents and parents, which is called "prostration". Then the couple entered the new house and the bride and groom had a "toast". In the new house, put some sweets and peanuts everywhere on the new bed, open the door wide, let the children go in and grab them, and add a lively atmosphere. At this time, both men, women and children can enter the new house to see and tease the bride, which is also called "disturbing the new house". Choose a clever boy to pee in the new toilet (try the bucket), which means that the bride will have a baby early, and the selected boy can get a gift from the new toilet. The wedding candle lit in the new house is lit all night, which is called "wedding candle", also called "junior high school entrance examination". The next day, for the bride, "see the sun in the temple", worship her in-laws and relatives. The worshippers should send a "meeting gift". Then, the bride goes into the kitchen to worship the kitchen god, which is called "cooking". Three days after marriage, the bride returned to her parents' home with gifts from her newly married husband, and paid homage to her parents-in-law and relatives, commonly known as "three dynasties returning home". But at night, I have to go back to my husband's house to show that "every month is not empty." At this point, the ancient wedding etiquette came to an end.

After the May 4th Movement, civilized marriage was advocated. When a man and a woman hold a wedding ceremony, the bride and groom wear red flowers on their chests, and local celebrities are urged to be witnesses, with their parents as the main marriage and the matchmaker as the introducer. The wedding was simple and grand. But it was only popular among some intellectuals and civil servants at that time.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state promulgated the Marriage Law, and the marriage between men and women is protected by law. Parents are not allowed to arrange or interfere in their children's marriage, let alone buy or sell marriage. Men and women are free to fall in love, and after reaching the legal age for marriage, they can obtain a marriage certificate from the government. Some participating units hold collective weddings; Some travel and get married; Some weddings are new, not wine, but refreshments and wedding candy. In rural areas, there are still a few people who ask for a high dowry when they marry and buy and sell marriages; Some people talk about the extravagance of organizing weddings.

In addition, there is another kind of marriage in which the man gets married in the woman's house and becomes a family member of the woman's house. Call it "adoption" or "recruiting talents". The woman is an only child, so she needs a man to support her parents. This is "adoption". When a woman's husband dies and her children are young, there is no need to recruit men to support her family. This is commonly known as "coming to the door". In the old society, if a man married a woman, but he married a woman, it was considered disgraceful and looked down upon. After liberation, with the implementation of the marriage law and the implementation of family planning, this idea has been initially reversed.

Funeral etiquette

First, funeral utensils

Whether men or women die or die, they should stop at the edge of nave and then gather coffins in the middle of nave. Anyone who goes out for a funeral at home will answer when asked: family members are called "dead" or "dead" or "asleep" or "old".

(1) Mortuary: Under normal circumstances, after changing the dressing gown, the mortuary will only be closed for one or two days. If the distant child hasn't come back or the "back" hasn't arrived, you can only send the coffin (the lid of the coffin is not nailed), let the child or the "back" meet when they arrive, and then close the coffin.

(2) Acupoint selection: Most of them are Mr. Geography, and some places are Mr. Yin and Yang. Most rich people's homes found cellars with good feng shui before their death, and some of them were repaired. After death, most people ask Mr. Wang to calculate the birth age of the family and the time of death of the deceased, determine the burial direction towards the mountain, and then find a suitable crypt in the mountain with a certain direction. After selection, specify the central axis with a circle and insert a bamboo pole as a mark. Until the day before the funeral was confirmed, some people from the local public and the trade union went to open a hole and prepared bricks and stones to seal the hole.

(3) Passing through: (Dojo, commonly known as doing merits) Setting up a filial piety hall and hanging elegiac couplets, depending on economic conditions, can be complicated and simple, extending the road to recite scriptures, and worshipping thousands of people for different lengths of time. The poorest have to do it all night, ranging from three to five nights. The longer the time, the more patterns. Finally, we have to turn coffins and string burials, burn paper boats and so on. During the mourning period, those who have daughters still need to set up an altar. The younger generation cried four times in the morning, noon, evening and midnight, and invited the deceased to eat and sleep.

Second, funerary utensils

(1) Going out to attend the funeral: The time should be above 6:00(7:00) in the morning. Before the coffin is lifted, filial sons and daughters will worship (pay homage to the coffin) and then kneel on both sides of the coffin to show their support. Then, relatives and friends finally paid homage to the coffin. Generally, there are eight people carrying coffins (commonly known as "Eight Immortals"), and four people who are buried far away (more than five miles) are prepared to rotate on the way (because they can't stay on the way after carrying coffins). There are 16 to 32 rich children carrying coffins. Generally, gongs are used to clear the way, then suona (there are foreign drums or funeral music in the market town now), then elegiac couplets (modern wreaths) and finally coffins. The dutiful son wears sandals barefoot, hemp and straw rope, holding a funeral stick and a coffin. If there is a fork in the road along the way, the dutiful son needs to go to the fork in the road and kneel down to prevent him from going wrong. After the coffin, the female relatives cried bitterly, and then the general male relatives and friends lined up, all wearing white hats and belts. As long as there is a fork in the road along the way, you need to set off firecrackers, which is called "blocking the road" and is synonymous with the filial son kneeling. The funeral procession, except the dutiful son who was sent to the cemetery, ended at the entrance of the village and returned to eat funeral meals by the same way, which was generally very rich. After several rounds of drinking, the daughter-in-law who lost her home went to the table of relatives and elders to bow down and toast, and went to the table of relatives and friends to express her gratitude.

(2) Bury: according to the selected time, bury, seal the hole, erect a monument, build an altar, light candles, burn paper, and shoot guns, so that the burial is completed. The dutiful son wants to give lucky money to the people present, commonly known as "Mountain Red".

(3) Receiving geomantic omen: After the dutiful son sends out "Mountain Red", he puts on clean clothes and shoes, lights a torch, and carries a "silver bag" (a small bag with red cloth sewn into corners and upturned eaves and filled with rice and eggs), a wine bottle (filled with clear water) and a lantern on his back. And returned with the accompaniment of suona, splashing water in the bottle all the way until I got home, firing guns and putting them on the altar.

Youchun opera

Folk operas spread in Jian 'ou, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe and other areas. This kind of play is staged every Spring Festival, hence the name.

There are few actors in Youchun Opera. Generally, two or three people can perform, and only six or seven people are needed at most. The performance places are mostly in the small halls of farmers, and each family performs one or two plays. The short ones are only a few minutes to half an hour, and the long ones are only over an hour. In the past, because of the small population and small village, almost every household could perform from night to dawn without charge. As long as the host gives festive food such as rice cakes, oranges and popcorn, if it is a big village, every household will perform a big Taiwanese opera during the day after the evening performance.

There are not many scenes in Youchun Opera, and the content reflected is close to the real life in rural areas. For example, some describe wives earnestly urging their husbands to quit gambling and whoring, study hard, and work hard at farming. Some reflect the "Lantern Festival" in which sisters watch lanterns together; Some describe a pair of lovers who are reluctant to part, such as "Ten Songs to Send". The content is easy to understand, simple and smooth, and has a strong sense of folk songs. Therefore, Youchun Opera can be said to be a peasant opera with strong local flavor.

Bird step dance

A folk dance in Chongluo Town, jianyang city. The so-called bird step dance means that the dancer's feet should imitate the action of birds jumping, which is called "bird jumping" by the locals. According to the different ways of jumping, it can be divided into "high bird jumping" and "short bird jumping", which imitate different birds respectively. There are four people in each team, topless, barefoot in shorts, with a red cloth on his head and a red stick in both hands. When dancing, the four people stand in four corners first, then jump forward with the sound of gongs and drums, cross their feet back and forth, change their positions according to the Tai Chi curve, and then turn back to their original places. The "short sparrow vault" is also a team of four people, dressed like "high sparrow vault", but holding the "dragon horn" and "bell" in both hands, squatting like the opera "short sparrow vault" when dancing, but also taking off alternately with the front and rear feet when moving forward. Change the position, such as "high bird jumps". The name of this dance step is inherent, and the villagers say that it was handed down from the ancestors, and the age is not clear. Generally, the dance team consists of twelve people (four others act as guides and clean up the dance floor), which is called the "Twelve Battalion Army". Bird step dance is mostly used when praying for rain, so it is also called "Bird step rain dance".