The Origin and Development of Jiyang Guzi Yangge

Jiyang drum yangko has a history of more than 2000 years. It was formed in Xia and Shang Dynasties, perfected in Tang and Song Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also called the three major yangko in Shandong with Haiyang yangko and Jiaozhou yangko. It has strong traditional cultural characteristics of the Han nationality and is an excellent heritage of the Yellow River culture.

According to research, as far back as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the ancestors living in the northern plain of Shandong Province could not help but pick up rakes, sticks and other labor tools for farming and harvesting, and danced at the same time, which not only meant worshipping nature, but also expressed their desire to celebrate the harvest. So men, women and children will participate and dance together. After a long time, a relatively primitive drum yangko was formed. Although there is still no feeling of drums, the sense of rhythm formed by the impact and beating of production tools can be regarded as the function of drums today.

With the flowing and spreading of the long river of human history, the improvement of social production capacity, the improvement of labor tools and the enrichment of life content, drum yangko has been constantly developing and changing in content and form. For example, labor tools accompanied by percussion, or yangko props, gradually increased umbrellas, barrels, pots, dustpans and so on. And the rhythm of dance movements has changed, and some dance routines have gradually diversified. And formed a larger scale, and evolved into a cultural custom of the rural Han nationality in northern Shandong.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the yangko drum was revived with the gongs and drums celebrating the victory of liberation. The northern part of Jiyang was the first to recover actively, and it has always had a broad mass base. That is, many villages around the Tuhai River, such as Renfeng, Jiang Ji, Sanjiao, Qu Di and Suomiao, border Huimin County and Shanghe County. The gongs, drums and yangko have become a part of the cultural and spiritual life of farmers in this area. In addition to festivals, there are also many activities of yangko and drumming in social events such as resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, sending children to join the army and even building communes and the Great Leap Forward. Although during the three-year natural disaster, people did not have enough to eat and had no time to take care of drum sets and yangko; The ten-year catastrophe of the "Cultural Revolution" and the hats and excuses of the "four classics" made people afraid to involve drum music and yangko, but the flower of Han folk art deeply rooted in people's lives and people's spiritual world never broke its roots no matter what social storm it encountered.

1978 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party brought the spring breeze of reform and opening up to our hearts. On the land of Jiyang, drum yangko, as the flower of folk art, shows its deep-rooted and evergreen tenacious vitality. The restoration of Jiyang drum yangko has begun to get the attention and support of the county party Committee and government. 1986 Spring Festival, on the whole, promoted the development and popularization of drum yangko activities in the county, especially in the villages along the Tuhai River. Every year, the Chinese New Year, from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, has become a golden season for village drills, mutual visits and performances. When I participated in the performance, I was eager to compete with the other side, and I was particularly enthusiastic. There are white-haired old people, lively and lovely children, young men and women who are proud to be able to perform on stage, and some families go out to join the ranks of string village performances. During the Spring Festival, a drum yangko team ran around, entered the village and entered the city. You send me to pick me up and perform with each other, so it's lively. It adds festive atmosphere and strong local ethnic culture to the traditional New Year and Lantern Festival.

From 65438 to 0990, Jiyang Guzi Yangko was invited and successfully participated in performances in various provinces and cities. After the performance, the scope of praise is getting wider and wider, and the popularity is getting higher and higher.

199 1 year, the county cultural bureau specially invited dance experts from Shandong and Jinan to go deep into representative villages such as Jinli Village, Sijiafang Village and Liuhe Village in Renfeng, Qu Di, watch live performances and visit old artists, systematically and professionally excavate and sort out Jiyang drum yangko, and make a summary in artistic theory. Since then, they have participated in the national Yangko competition and won prizes through the team training of the County Cultural Bureau. Sent by the Ministry of Culture, he went to Germany, France, Japan and other countries for a visit and performed successfully. At home, I was invited to teach skills and conduct artistic exchanges in various places.

In 2006, Renfeng Guzi Yangko was listed in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage protection list in Shandong Province, and the local government also took this opportunity to actively prepare for the cultural industry development of Guzi Yangko. At present, a series of programs and measures have been formulated.