Gongsun of Qin state

Gongsun Yan was a native of Yinjin, Wei (now east of Huayin, Shaanxi), while Gongsun Yan advocated unity and Zhang Yi advocated Lian Heng. They are rivals both politically and personally. . Gongsun Yan, one of the representatives of the warring states parties, was an official of Qin, Wei and South Korea, and advocated that all countries should unite against Qin. Gongsun Yan worked for the girder all his life, and later lived in Wei. He contributed a lot to people's lives all his life, and his story has been passed down to this day.

The Life of the Characters in Gongsun Yan's Works

Gongsun Yan was a great builder in the fifth year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (333 BC) and later lived in Wei. Chen Ke is an emissary of Chu and a strategist. He visited Wei and made suggestions to Gongsun Yan. He said: "Wei Tianxiang needs to make an appointment with the princes, but the king of Chu is skeptical." If you are invited to meet Wang Wei, say that you have a friendship with King Zhao Yan, and the envoys have invited you to meet you many times. If Wang Wei promises to give you a car, you don't have to ask for more. Thirty cars is enough. You put your car on display in the court and publicly declared that you were going to find Yan and Zhao. Gongsun Yan agreed, and King Zhao Yan sent messengers to welcome Gongsun Yan back to China. Hearing this, the king of Chu was furious. He thought Tian needed to bully him and didn't listen to Tian. When Qi heard that Gongsun Yan was going, he also sent someone to entrust him with handling state affairs. In this way, there is considerable power in dealing with the three countries.

Gongsun Yan advocated unity, and Yi Cheung advocated Lian Heng. They are rivals both politically and personally. In 322 BC (Qin Huiwen and Wang Sannian), Zhang Yi entered Wei. Gongsun Yan managed to gain the support of South Korea in power and undermined Zhang Yi's policy of unifying Qin and Wei. In 3 19 BC, Zhang Yi was forced to go to Wei, and Gongsun Yan replaced Zhang Yi. In 3 18 BC, Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu jointly attacked Qin. The attack was not won, and the army returned to Hangu Pass. But this attack is still a famous attack on Qin.

Xirong Yiqu had contacts with Wei. On one occasion, Yi Qu ruled Wei. Gongsun Yan took this opportunity to suggest that Iraq strengthen its vigilance against Qin. He said that if there is nothing left in the Central Plains, the State of Qin will burn up and plunder you; If something happens in the Central Plains, Qin Qing will spend a lot of money to make friends with you. Later, the five countries attacked Qin. Just then, Qin embroidered thousands of pure and beautiful women, and talked about it with the ministers of Zuo Yi Qujun and Zuo Yi Qujun. Yi said that this is what Gongsun Yan said in those days. So he got up and attacked the state of Qin and defeated the Qin people. (fortune telling)

Gongsun Yan's character story

People usually think that Su Qin and Zhang Yi are political enemies, the initiators of Lian Heng respectively, and they attack each other at the same time. Historical Records and Warring States Policy are all recorded in this way. However, according to the silk script Letters of Warring States unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb, Su Qin died in 284 BC, Zhang Yi died in 3 10 BC, and Su Qin died 26 years later than Zhang Yi. According to the textual research of this book, some scholars think that Zhang Yi was the first and Su Qin was the last. At that time, Zhang Yi was the prime minister of Qin Dynasty. Su Qin is still a young man who has not entered politics, and has never dealt with Yi Cheung at all. Zhang Yi's real opponent is Gongsun Yan, and Gong is the initiator of the vertical integration strategy.

Plot to attack Wei

Gongsun Yan, like Yi Cheung, is both wei ren. After Shang Yang's death, Gongsun Yan was appointed as a great builder by King Hui of Qin and actively planned and launched an attack on Wei.

Due to Shang Yang's political reform, Qin became stronger and stronger. Prior to this, after the Battle of Maling, Qi wiped out 65,438+10,000 troops of Wei; The state of Qin attacked Hexi and lured the king of Wu, the general of Wei. Wei suffered repeated battles and defeats, and his main force was lost. After Qin Wanghui succeeded to the throne, he killed Shang Yang and reused Gongsun Yan, but the laws made by Shang Yang continued to be implemented.

In 333 BC, after Gongsun Yan was appointed as a girder seat, he quickly led Qin Jun to attack Wei. At this time, Wei was short of both good soldiers and good generals, and could not resist the powerful offensive of Qin, so he had to cede territory for peace. Yinjin (now Huayin East, Shaanxi Province), which they ceded, is located at the junction of Wei and Qin, and is also the hometown of Gongsun Yan. More than 50 years ago, it was here that the famous Wuqi of Wei defeated the 500 thousand army of Qin with a mere 70 thousand soldiers, thus occupying the land of Hexi for a long time.

Hexi is the gateway of Qin to the Central Plains. During the Warring States period, all countries had strict control over food, and they often stuck each other's necks with food problems. Wei occupied the land of Hexi, rigidly suppressed Qin, blocked Qin's road to the Central Plains, and forced Qin to do business only with Wei. Not willing to be exploited by Wei, Qin attacked Hexi many times, but failed to get through the Central Plains channel.

Gongsun Yan certainly understood the strategic position of Hexi Land. At that time, the Central Plains was a commodity distribution center all over the country, controlling the food lifeline of all countries. Only by going to the Central Plains can we have sufficient food supply and take the initiative in strategy. But for Qin, only by occupying the land of Hexi can it be possible to go to the Central Plains.

Wei was forced to make peace with Qin, and a nail of Qin's eastward entry into the Central Plains was pulled out. King Hui of Qin could not conceal his inner joy, and immediately changed the name of "Yin Jin" which means Wei to "Ning Qin" with the color of Qin.

Since then, Gongsun Yan once again led an army to attack the Hexi fortress, captured the general Long Jia of Wei, and beheaded 80,000 people. After this battle, Qin actually occupied the land of Hexi. Wei Huiwang went his own way, ceding Hexi region to Qin State and making peace with Qin State.

Start integration

After Wei Huiwang ceded Hexi, he sent someone to bribe Gongsun Yan heavily. So Gongsun Yan proposed to King Hui of Qin that he attack other countries while Qin and Wei were temporarily reconciled.

Just then, Zhang Yi came to the State of Qin. He told King Hui of Qin that this was a good opportunity for Wei to be attacked on all sides. It was wrong for Gongsun Yan to forget righteousness and let Qin attack nomadic people in the western regions. Wei has the foundation of hegemony. If it slows down and attacks Qin with all its strength, Qin will be very difficult to deal with.

Qin Huiwang was told to wake up like a dream and immediately used Zhang Yi as a guest. Gongsun Yan was rejected and had to leave the State of Qin to become a general in the State of Wei.

At this time, Wei was riddled with holes and its national strength declined. So Gongsun Yan wants to win over other countries and win the joint attack. He first found Tian Gang, a famous soldier of Qi, and mobilized him to send troops to attack Zhao. He also said that sending 50,000 troops could defeat Zhao quickly. Tian Gang thinks what he said is too easy, and I'm afraid it will bring big trouble in the future. Gongsun Yan said that if it is too difficult, the two monarchs will not agree. After the invasion, the kings of the two countries will definitely send reinforcements when they see the danger. Later, as expected, Zhao was defeated by the allied forces.

The combination of first taste and victory aroused the high vigilance of Qin State. In order to prevent Qi, Chu and Wei from threatening Qin, Zhang Yi tried to undermine Gongsun Yan's joint strategy. He personally led the troops to attack Wei, forced Wei to attach himself to Qin, and called on Minister Qi and Chu to win over Qi and Chu, and successfully cracked the three-nation alliance.

At that time, Hui Shi, the prime minister of Wei, also advocated unity and accompanied him to appear before the court many times. And sent the prince to Qi as a hostage to form an alliance with Qi. However, due to the destruction of Zhang Yi, the vertical integration strategy failed temporarily. In this situation, Gongsun Yan began to win over Korea, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan, and launched the famous "King of Five Congresses" event in history.

The so-called "five countries are kings" means that these five countries recognize each other as kings together. Since Wei has long been king, and South Korea was king before, this is tantamount to improving the monarchy status of the other three countries and achieving the goal of integration.

Gongsun Yan initiated the "King of the Five Countries", the purpose of which was of course to unite all countries against the State of Qin. This practice was opposed by countries such as Qi and Chu, and Qin was even more destructive. In order to win over Wei, Chu intends to abolish the present Wang Wei, make Wei Gongzi a prince, send troops to attack Wei and occupy eight cities.

Under the opposition of major powers, the "king of the five countries" ended in failure.

Become Wei Xiang.

After the alliance failed again, Wei began to fall to Qin in an all-round way. As a result, Hui Shi, the prime minister who advocated unity, was dismissed, and Yi Cheung was appointed as the prime minister of Wei.

At this time, although the State of Qin had announced the dismissal of Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi was actually the prime minister of the two countries, in order to carry out his Lian Heng strategy more effectively. Prior to this, in order to completely open the passage to the Central Plains, Zhang Yi once led an army to storm Wei, captured many strategic places, and drove Wei's army out of the west of the Yellow River. Through many struggles, Qin has completely mastered the natural danger of the Yellow River and controlled the main road from the east to the Central Plains, which is a great threat to all countries.

After Zhang Yi became the prime minister of Wei, Qin attacked Qi with Wei and South Korea. Qi Weiwang sent troops to fight, stubbornly resisted and defeated Qin Jun.

The failure of Qin made Zhang Yi's Lian Heng strategy suffer setbacks. Wei advocated the rise of pro-Qi forces again. Qi and Chu demanded the expulsion of Zhang Yi, and Wei also sent envoys to Chu, Zhao and Yan to lobby the alliance.

In 3 19 BC, Wei drove Zhang Yi back to Qin. Gongsun Yan advocated union, which won the support of eastern countries and was appointed as the prime minister of Wei.

Gongsun Yan's ascent to Wei Xiang marked the re-formation of the vertical and horizontal alliance among the eastern countries. Gongsun Yan persuaded the vassals to organize the military forces of Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu to send troops to attack the State of Qin. However, due to the different interests of different countries, monarchs of all countries have their own plans. On the way to Hanguguan, the prince of Yan led his troops back to Yan under the persuasion of Zhang Yi and Princess Zhou. Because the son transported grain and grass, the king of Chu was sent to explore the camp. Wei Heng accidentally hit the hay, so Chu was forced to retreat. Finally, Gongsun Yan only led Wei, Zhao and Han to attack the Hangu Pass of Qin.

Allied forces rushed into Hangu Pass and were attacked by Qin Jun. As a result, they were vulnerable and collapsed in World War I. Wei suffered heavy losses and turned to Qin for peace, so the five countries withdrew their troops one after another. Qin pursued the victory and attacked Zhao, which was not peaceful. Qi is also hitting people when they are down, taking the opportunity to attack Zhao. Zhao Guolian suffered a crushing defeat, with almost all the generals wiped out and more than 80,000 soldiers lost. The "Five Kingdoms Crusade against Qin" failed.

Re-appointed as Han Xiang

After Gongsun Yan failed to launch a five-nation attack on Qin, Minister Tian of Wei took the opportunity to accuse and slander Gongsun Yan. Wei Xiangwang no longer trusted Gongsun Yan, and Wei's power was held by Tian Xu. Gongsun Yan can't stay in Wei any longer, and plans to go to South Korea.

Gongsun Yan was very dissatisfied with Tian Ji, who slandered him, so he suggested to Wei Xiangwang that Tian Wen, the son of Qi, should be the prime minister. After obtaining the consent, Gongsun Yan invited him to Qi, and he went to South Korea to become prime minister himself.

In this way, Gongsun Yan became the prime minister of Korea and Tian Wen became the prime minister of Wei. With the support of Tian Ying, the prime minister of Qi, the situation of the alliance improved again.

Although Gongsun Yan was ostracized by Wei, his political opponents were still unhappy. The successor prime minister is Qi's son, who is not likable. At this time, he was still unknown, but he soon made a splash and was called the "Meng Changjun" in history.

Under the planning of Gongsun Yan, a new round of trade union movement has been fully launched. Deeply disturbed by this, King Hui of Qin decided to send troops to attack South Korea. After the fighting started, South Korea was obviously not dominant, and no one from other allies sent troops to rescue.

The front line is getting tighter and tighter, so the ministers of Qin and Lian Heng in South Korea suggested that they should cede territory for peace and cut Chu together with Qin. After hearing the news, Chu Huaiwang soon made a show of sending troops to save North Korea, so that the road leading to the Central Plains was crowded with chariots. South Korea was very happy to receive the report and immediately ordered the cancellation of the plan to March into the state of Qin for peace.

The king of Qin was furious and ordered a more violent attack on South Korea. The two armies were at loggerheads for more than a year, and the Korean army was defeated. Gongsun Yan was powerless and had to be defeated and flee.

Unable to save the overall situation

Gongsun Yan has a strategic vision. He not only paid attention to uniting the eastern countries, but even brought Yiqu, a small country in the west of Qin, into the alliance of longitudinal cutting Qin.

Yiqu, the western minority regime, has been an enemy of Qin for many years. Just as Gongsun Yan actively organized the alliance, the monarch of Yiqu just came to Wei. Gongsun Yan asked for Iraq and told him that when Qin was at war with the eastern countries, he would send a heavy gift to please Yi Qu. Making peace with other countries will plunder foreign songs. He hoped that the monarch of Yiqu would be alert to this and not be deceived by the State of Qin. Later, Qin sent troops to attack South Korea and offered "a thousand embroidered horses and a hundred good women" to make up with Yi Qu. As Gongsun Yan said, Igor took the opportunity to send troops to attack Qin and destroy Qin Jun. Because of the destruction of his homeland, Qin had to give up the war against the six countries temporarily.

However, although Gongsun Yan organized many attacks on Qin, almost all of them ended in failure. Of course, this does not mean that his strategy is wrong, but that countries have deviated from Germany and have not implemented his integration strategy well at all.

Throughout the warring States period, the strong always spoke with their fists; The weak can only rely on diplomacy. The vertical integration strategy advocated by Gongsun Yan is the best or even the only way for small and weak countries to survive against each other. If all countries can unite against Qin according to his strategy, then the world situation will change and history will be rewritten. The failure of the alliance is not the failure of Gongsun Yan, but the failure of the monarchs of various countries. At that time, no one could unite with those short-sighted monarchs. They be swayed by considerations of gain and loss, even if Gongsun Yan did his best, there was nothing he could do.

Gongsun Yan was a famous politician and diplomat in the Warring States Period. Like Zhang Yi, he was the founder of the United Front. However, the history books do not record his life story in detail, and there are not many stories handed down. There is a Biography of Gongsun Yan in Historical Records, which is attached to Biography of Zhang Yi. There are only sporadic records in the Warring States Policy.

According to historical records, Gongsun Yan served as prime minister in South Korea and returned to Wei after his army failed to fight Qin. However, due to the intrigue of Wei Imperial Court, Gongsun Yan failed to re-enter the historical stage. According to Han Feizi, he had a grudge against Minister Zhang Shou, and Tian needed to hold a grudge against him, so Tian needed to send someone to kill Zhang Shou and frame him. Wang Wei mistakenly thought he killed him, so he killed him.

However, as a man of the hour, Gongsun Yan's historical achievements will never be forgotten. In the middle and late Warring States, it was because of him that the eastern countries attacked Qiang Qin several times, which had a great influence and made history more spectacular. At that time, some people said that he and Zhang Yi were "angry and the ministers were afraid, and the world was destroyed", which was enough to shake the world. After his death, the great cause of integration initiated by him has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the exquisite diplomatic war continues to be staged.

die a tragic death

According to Records of the Historian, Zhang Yi lobbied Wang Wei to propose that Qin and Wei jointly attack Korea and let Qin and Wei win Nanyang, and Wang Wei agreed to let Zhang Yi be the phase. On the other hand, Gongsun Yan went to persuade the King of Korea to cut Nanyang to Wei, and Yi Cheung's credit was thus taken away by Gongsun Yan. Gongsun Yan gave up Wei Xiang, but Yi Cheung only stayed, so something went wrong.

After Gongsun Yan served as prime minister in South Korea, he led an army to crusade against the State of Qin, losing face and had to return to Wei. But times have changed, Wei has lost the status of Gongsun Yan, and Gongsun Yan has never made a comeback. It was at this time that he made enemies with Zhang Shou, the minister, and fell out with Tian Ji, and was finally killed by Tian Ji.

Why did Gongsun Yan leave the State of Qin?

Gongsun Yan worked in the state of Qin and was in charge of military and political power. Moreover, Qin State is Qin State. It stands to reason that he can enter the state of Qin to take power. How could he leave Qin easily and switch to another country? What happened in the meantime? In 333 BC, Gongsun Yan worked in the State of Qin and was trusted and valued by King Hui of Qin. During this period, Gongsun Yan actively planned to help Qin attack Wei, annihilate hundreds of thousands of Wei troops, and recover the strategic location in Hexi. At this time, the State of Qin was engaged in Shang Yang's political reform. The whole State of Qin was very strong, and Wei had no resistance at all.

Unable to resist, Wei raised the banner of surrender, ceded land to Qin for peace, and ceded important places in Hexi. Then Wang sent someone to find Gongsun Yan.

Bribing him with a lot of money succeeded. Gongsun Yan later proposed to King Hui of Qin that Wei was honest now and could go to other countries in his palace first. In fact, if you really think about Qin, you should cut Wei, because Wei is now making enemies on all sides, isolated and helpless, and its national strength is declining. If we don't attack now, it will be difficult to deal with when he is strong. But Gongsun Yan has been bribed, so the last resort to save Wei is to delay the future of Qin.

At this time, Zhang Yi appeared, met with King Hui of Qin, and told him the present situation of Qin State and the next plan. After hearing this, King Hui of Qin suddenly realized that Zhang Yi was the guest of honor immediately.

Gongsun Yan was ostracized and excluded, lost the trust of King Hui of Qin and his position in the State of Qin, and had nowhere to live, so he had to leave the State of Qin to find another place to live.