Differences between Changsha Dialect, Xiangtan Dialect and Zhuzhou Dialect

Hunan dialect is also called Hunan dialect or Huxiang dialect. Represented by Changsha dialect, it is distributed in most areas of Hunan Province. From the internal phonetic differences, there are differences between the new Xiang dialect and the old Xiang dialect. The old Xiang dialect is widely popular in Ningxiang and Hengyang in central Hunan, and the new Xiang dialect is popular in Changsha, Zhuzhou and other large and medium-sized cities. Xiang dialect, or Hunan dialect, is one of the seven major dialects in Chinese, with a small geographical area. There are many different dialects in Hunan province, and Xiang dialect is the most influential one. Hunan dialect is popular in Yueyang, Nanxian, Miluo, Xiangyin, Yuanjiang, Yiyang, Taojiang, Anhua, Ningxiang, Changsha, Wangcheng, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Shuangfeng, Lianyuan, Loudi, Xinhua, Lengshuijiang, Xupu, Chenxi, Shaoyang, Shaodong and Xinshao. In addition, counties such as Quanzhou, Guanyang, Ziyuan and Xing 'an in northern Guangxi also speak Hunan dialect. The estimated population is over 25 million. Due to social, historical, geographical, political system reform and other factors, the south, north and west of ancient Xiang dialect have long been surrounded by Mandarin dialects, and the east is influenced by Hakka and Jiangxi dialects, which leads to the continuous change of phonetic system, and gradually forms a special situation in which the new Xiang dialect and the old Xiang dialect are obviously different but coexist. Geographically, the new and old Xiang dialects are only distributed in the north and south. Therefore, some people call it North Xiang dialect and South Xiang dialect, which are two dialects of Xiang dialect. The difference between the new Xiang dialect and the old Xiang dialect is mainly manifested in the phonetic system. The old Hunan dialect in the south is relatively conservative, and the ancient voiced initials are still mainly read; Influenced by the dialect of Mandarin, the northern Xinxiang dialect tends to be closer to Mandarin gradually, and the prominent phonetic performance is from complex to simple, and the ancient voiced initials have been generally pronounced as voiced initials. China Northern New Xiang Dialect is mainly used in northern and central Hunan, such as Changsha, Zhuzhou and Yiyang. The old Xiang dialect in the south of China is widely used in central Hunan, southeastern Shui Yuan, Xiangshui and western Zishui Valley, such as Xiangxiang, Shuangfeng, Shaoyang and Wugang. Changsha dialect is like suburban dialect, Xiangtan dialect is rural dialect and Zhuzhou dialect is spoken by urban people. Zhuzhou dialect is mellow and powerful, which is more suitable for urbanites. When learning Zhuzhou dialect, there will be no local accent like Changsha dialect. The biggest difference between Changsha dialect and Xiangtan dialect is that Zhuzhou dialect is between them, but each has its own characteristics. Modern Changsha dialect belongs to the new Xiang dialect family of Hunan dialect, which has replaced the bimodal sound of the old Xiang dialect. Modern Zhuzhou dialect is a new Xiang dialect developed under the influence of Changsha dialect because of its proximity to Changsha and other geographical reasons, which is not much different from Changsha dialect in pronunciation. To outsiders, the difference between Changsha dialect and Zhuzhou dialect is unrecognizable, because the rules of word formation, grammar and pronunciation are 95% similar. The biggest difference between Changsha dialect and Zhuzhou dialect is pronunciation. Changsha dialect is lip-toothed, while Zhuzhou dialect is introverted and intraoral. Changsha dialect has an oily tone, while Xiangtan dialect has a local flavor. Zhuzhou dialect is rich and urbanized, abandoning the vocabulary left by the old Xiang dialect and creating a unique word formation and new dialect pronunciation. However, due to the unbalanced development of Zhuzhou, it gradually developed into two schools of Zhuzhou dialect. One school is the orthodox Zhuzhou dialect represented by the Eastern District, and the other is the distorted Zhuzhou dialect represented by Hexi. For example, "hot" Changsha dialect reads: "Yue" enters Zhuzhou dialect: "Yue" enters Zhuzhou dialect, but Zhuzhou dialect enters Hexi sound: "Page" enters Zhuzhou dialect. There are many types of old Zhuzhou dialect. Due to historical changes, we will not discuss the new Zhuzhou dialect, its origin and innovation here. It is formed by the perfection of human brain language system. Due to the popularization of Putonghua, many Changsha people in Zhuzhou began to read words with dialect sounds of Putonghua words instead of archaic sounds or inherent words. Generally speaking, Changsha dialect, Zhuzhou dialect and Xiangtan dialect need to be studied. The similarities between Changsha dialect and Zhuzhou dialect are as follows: in addition to light tone, there are six tones: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone, eliminating yin, eliminating yang and entering tone. For example, Zhu, Qu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu and Ju in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect have the same pronunciation, and their tones respectively correspond to the above six tones: Yin Ping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Yinqu, Yangqu and Rusheng. There are 23 initials and 4/kloc-0 vowels in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect, both of which are more than those in Mandarin (22 and 39 respectively). Second, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect does not have the common Hua Er sound in the northern dialect. Thirdly, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect retains the entering tone, which is one of the obvious characteristics of ancient Chinese. Rusheng has basically disappeared in northern dialects. For example, the pronunciation and tone of each pair of Chinese characters in Mandarin are the same, but the tone in Changsha dialect is different. Clothes and one, eight, wife and seven, martial arts and martial arts, food and uncle. In Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect, the second of each pair of Chinese characters above is voiced. Fourthly, the voiced sound of ancient Chinese is still unvoiced in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect. The following groups of words have the same pronunciation, but different tones: Pai-defeat-Dongkui-Guiqiao-Sedan porcelain-self-creation-fragrance. Changsha dialect and Zhuzhou dialect have their own characteristics in function word system, word order and sentence pattern. Here are some examples of comparison with Mandarin: (same) 1 ... Mandarin: I can't hear it until I leave. Changzhu: I only listened to it when I went to Hong Kong. 2. Mandarin: Xiao Wang slept very comfortably. It's a long story: Xiao Wang is comfortable when he is sleepy. 3. Mandarin: This thing is really annoying. Long-term words: it is annoying to have road conditions. Adverbs expressing the nature and state of a thing in Changsha dialect and Zhuzhou dialect are very rich, developed and almost identical. Some adverbs can only be used strictly before a specific adjective, which is very complicated. For example, the description of black can be "(mia4) black" in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan dialect, in which "(mia4)" is an adjective and can only be strictly used to describe "black".