What is a Buddha peach?

The cultivation of fat peaches has a long history. Although the locals failed to elaborate, they only knew that they were ancestral seeds. Which generation did the fat peach originate from? It is said that it has a history of 1000 years, but according to written records, it was not a long time ago. Shandong Tongzhi, which first appeared in 1726 (the fourth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty), recorded: "Peach production in Feicheng is the best, followed by Linqing, and it is distributed everywhere." However, in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books compiled at the same time, 6/kloc-0 peach-producing counties and several names were included, but Feitao was not included in the book, which proved that Feitao was not very famous at that time. After a lapse of 89 years, 18 15 years (the 26th year of Jiaqing), the county annals of Feicheng recorded: "The delicious peaches are beyond the reach of other places, but those from Ludian, Fengshan and Guliu are especially good". At this point, the reputation of peaches is getting higher and higher. After another 93 years, it was 1908 (thirty-four years of Guangxu), which recorded in Feicheng County: "Some people in thousands of miles know that there are fat peaches" and "Some people in eastern and western countries know that there are fat peaches". At that time, the plump peaches had become a royal tribute, which was well-known not only in China, but also overseas. As a royal tribute, Feitao suffered setbacks in peach production. According to 1934 "Investigation Report on Feicheng Peach", "At that time (Guangxu period), the county governor seized tributes from Taoyuan as a tribute or gave them to Shangfeng as a gift, but before it was mature, all well-cultivated and fruitful gardens were mostly banned and were not allowed to be sold to others, but they could be given to the poor." Otherwise, we can only let it go. When their closed gardens mature, officials use coarse mesh nets to pick fruits. Any big fruit that doesn't escape the net is a tribute, and those caught are regarded as existence by the officers, and the price is not required. Even those who pay tribute, whether to pay or not, can only be the likes and dislikes of officers, and farmers dare not compete. So farmers planted peaches at that time, which was easy to cause trouble, and many people cut them. "

yield

In the early years of the Republic of China, fat peaches were also called peaches. According to Shandong Ye Quan Daily 192 1, "At that time, there were nine districts in the county. Fat peaches are produced in the first, second, fourth and fifth districts, not the eighth and ninth districts. The producers in the third, sixth and seventh districts are usually called peaches. The fat peaches produced on both sides of He Kanghe River are the most famous. This area is about 30 miles long and 10 miles wide. There are 44 villages, 74 peach orchards and 8,220 plants, with an annual output of about140,000 pieces, equivalent to 700,000 Jin. " By 1934, the production of fat peaches had hardly developed. According to Professor Wu Gengmin of Shandong Agricultural College's Investigation Report on Feicheng Peach, "Feicheng County is divided into nine districts. Peach is cultivated in Dongli Village, Xili Village, Gujiazhuang, Lijiaxiaozhuang, Hei Niu Shan, Xiaogujiazhuang, Xinzhuang, Jingtongyu, Beilaosengtai, Zhangjiabatou, Yinjiashan Villa, Yinglizhuang and Niejiazhuang in the five southwest districts. Fourth area was followed by Liu Li, Ancient Willow and Hanjiazhuang; The sixth district, Zhifangzhuang and Nanwangshang for the first time; There are also in the first district and near the city. Taoyuan everywhere is separated from each other and not concentrated in one place. The area of each garden is only two or three acres, and the largest is only ten acres. " On July 23rd of the same year, Shandong Republic Daily published the area and yield of fat peaches. The production area is 48 villages (mainly in the first, second, fourth and fifth districts); (2) Seventy-four peach gardens (excluding about one acre); (3) 8200 peach trees (pure fat peach trees, excluding hairy peaches); (four) a total of 4 10 acres of garden; (5) Every year,1640,000 peaches are produced, of which one third are inferior peaches and one tenth are inferior peaches.

price

According to the least statistics, about 900,000 excellent peaches can be produced every year, which is worth180,000 yuan at the current price of 20 cents each. There are about 500 thousand inferior peaches, 50 thousand yuan for a dime, with a total value of 230 thousand yuan. If you add a small peach garden of about an acre, it will be worth at least 300,000 yuan a year. From 65438 to 0935, Feng Yuxiang, who lived in seclusion at the foot of Mount Tai, visited Feicheng continuously. The sweet big fat peach aroused his strong interest. He personally sent people to buy land and build a peach garden in North Yixian Village of Feicheng as an experimental base for planting fat peaches. To this end, he once wrote a poem: "Feicheng Peach, Feicheng Peach, not only for the rich, but also for the working people." Today, this fat peach base is still full of fruits. The local people often miss General Feng's achievements.

Causes of development difficulties

There are other reasons why the production of fat peaches can't develop, besides products. According to the investigation report of 192 1 year, "there are three difficulties in peach industry management: 1. It is difficult to find that the peach plants in this county are planted directly in the field, and bud grafting must be carried out after the rootstock grows for three years, while the peach is planted within three years after the fruit is produced. 2. Peach trees are hard to bear fruit. Peach planting in this county requires more than 100 people per mu of peach garden, and fertilization is carried out four times. In the first three times, each plant was a load of dung, and in the fourth time, bean cake or sesame oil residue was more than ten kilograms. The annual labor cost and fertilizer expenditure per mu were about fifty or sixty yuan. Therefore, most of them need loans to operate, and they will be returned after the peaches are collected. If the results reach the standard next year, the debts of Taohu households cannot be paid off. There are often two years without results, and peach farmers cut down Taoyuan to grow food, which is pitiful. Those who promise to improve their farming techniques as soon as possible to maintain and develop them. 3. Difficulties in sales Check the sales price of peaches in Feicheng County, which is determined by the fruit banks where merchants are concentrated. Therefore, it is almost impossible for peach farmers to raise the price of peaches slightly and maintain losses. The sales method is not particular, and the loss of Taohu households is not new. "

The reasons of cultivation techniques

In addition to the above difficulties affecting the development of peach industry, there are also problems in cultivation techniques. According to the same investigation report, "A. peach cultivation in this county must not be pruned. Therefore, the branches of peach trees grow too densely, the sunlight conduction is difficult, the air is not very circulating, the branches are far away from the center of the tree because they can't be pruned, the nutrient solution is wasted, the tree strength can't be concentrated, and it is difficult to bear fruit. B Among the fertilizers used for peach tree planting in this county, nitrogen is too rich, while phosphoric acid fertilizer and California fertilizer are too scarce, so the branch vigor is too strong, and the nutrient solution in the material is thin, which is easy to produce bud leaves and difficult to form flower buds. Check phosphate fertilizer, which is an essential factor to promote the results. Gary, fertilizer is a necessity to strengthen branches. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce the amount of manure and bean cake, and supplement each peach with fertilizers rich in phosphoric acid and nails, such as rice bran or bone meal and plant ash, so as to improve its branches, reduce diseases and promote its fruiting ability. C. the spread of pests hindered the assimilation of peach trees. Trees are the most vulnerable because they cannot bear fruit in the extended second or third year. " 1937, on the grounds that "Feitao is a famous specialty, perishable in nature, inconvenient to transport and sell, and difficult to popularize", the local government submitted a request for instructions on "setting up a canned factory for manufacturing Feitao" to develop the resources of Feitao. The submission was not approved. Han Fuju, then chairman of the province, and Zhang Honglie, director of the construction department, gave instructions: "The paragraph about making Lippi, a canned factory of fat peaches, is still very insightful. However, the yield of fat peaches is too small, it is difficult to produce on a large scale, the maturity is too short, and the factory is idle for a long time, which is also uneconomical. In addition, plump peaches are sticky, so it is difficult to can them. Moreover, in the mature stage, its pulp is mostly liquefied, and if it is heated with water, it will inevitably dissolve. With these figures, it is not easy to make cans. " After 1937, wars were frequent and people's lives were difficult. Peach farmers cut down more peach trees to grow food, and the yield of fat peaches was greatly reduced. By 1949, the county had only planted more than 80 mu and more than 2,500 peaches, which was a quarter of that before the war, and the output was130,000 Jin, which was less than a fifth of that before the war.

Late development

After the founding of New China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the development of Feitao. 1956, Feicheng Garden was built for the first time, with an operating area of 240 mu. 1957, the county planted 1 10000 peach trees with an annual output of 300,000 Jin. From 65438 to 0959, it has grown to 990,000 plants, with an annual output of1.0400 kg. Then it increased year by year. According to 1982 fruit tree resources inventory statistics, the county's fertile peach planting area is 5989 mu, 159787 plants, with an annual output of more than two million Jin. After the implementation of the contract responsibility system, it increased to 25,000 mu in 1985, with more than 660,000 plants, with an annual output of about 4 million Jin. 1986 Feicheng was identified as the base county of Feichengtao, a national famous specialty. On September 2nd, Feicheng county party committee and government held the first Feicheng peach tasting meeting in Beijing. 1992 and 1993 held the China Feicheng Peach Festival for two consecutive years. 1August, 992, Tian Jiyun wrote an inscription for the opening of the first Feicheng Peach Festival in China. In order to further publicize Feitao, promote its development and serve the revitalization of Feicheng. Under the care and guidance of the CPPCC, the provincial and municipal governments, and with the strong support of the county party committee and the county government, the CPPCC County Literature and History Research Committee compiled the book "The History of Flying Peach", which recorded the cultivation history, tortuous development process, peach culture and anecdotes of China famous product flying peach with full and accurate information. At the same time, this book also includes the related information of the first China Feicheng Peach Festival. The first Feicheng Peach Blossom Tourism Festival was held in April 2002.

Development in recent years

In recent years, the research on the collection and innovative utilization of Feicheng peach germplasm resources has made a major breakthrough. 1996 feicheng municipal government invested120,000 yuan for the research on cultivating new varieties of feicheng peach by biotechnology. After 8 years' research, Feicheng Peach Research Institute and Plant Research Institute of China Academy of Sciences have successfully cultivated four new varieties of Feicheng Peach Zaohong, Feitao Carmine, Feitao Xiahong and Feitao Prince by using interspecific hybridization and assisted embryo tissue culture techniques. A new breakthrough in the Millennium cultivation of Feicheng peach was achieved. The new variety is red, the colored area is over 90%, and the storage period at room temperature is extended by 15-20 days, which keeps the excellent characteristics and original flavor of Feicheng peach and has great market potential. In addition to Feicheng peach series, more than 60 foreign excellent varieties, such as Xinchuan Nakajima, Laishanmi, Zhonghua Shoutao, Flat Peach, Huang Jintao and Protected Nectarine, have been introduced, achieving the goal of having peaches in all seasons and becoming a production base of high-quality Feicheng peach series with certain scale characteristics in central and southern Shandong.

Feitao fruit wine

I. Project Development Time:

Feicheng Fotaoyuan Fruit Wine Co., Ltd. is a high-tech private enterprise that brews fruit wine with fat peaches as raw materials. The development of this project started in February, 20001year. At first, the Taojiu Science and Technology Development Laboratory was located in Mi Shan, Taoyuan. In February 2002, it was successfully developed. In March, 2003, we invested and built a factory in the old city industrial zone, which was completed and put into operation in February, 2003.

Second, advanced technology:

Since the development and construction of the project, in cooperation with Shandong Food Fermentation Research and Design Institute, Shandong Institute of Light Industry and other scientific research institutions, the key technologies of brewing a series of fruit wine with fat peaches as raw materials have been studied, and 3 national fermentation and brewing experts have been hired as technical guidance, and 8 middle and senior professional technicians have been trained. Advanced domestic wine brewing equipment was introduced, unique fermentation, distillation and alcohol extraction processes were adopted, and new technologies such as shredding heat treatment, quick freezing treatment and dipping treatment were adopted to develop three series of Feitao fruit white wine, Feitao dry wine and Feitao sweet wine.

Third, the nutritional characteristics of peach wine:

Nutrition of peach: Fat peach, also known as Buddha peach and Shoutao peach, can reach 900g, with full fruit, beautiful appearance, tender meat and fragrant smell. Because nutrition contains amino acids and vitamins beneficial to human body, its nutritional value is known as "the king of fruits", and it contains 17 kinds of trace elements. Legend has it that a flat peach eaten by the queen mother of China and the West can last for thousands of years. Eating Buddha peaches often can really live forever and prolong life. Dry wine: The dry wine brewed by the advanced unique fermentation technology of Feicheng peach completely concentrates the nutrients and effective components in Feicheng peach, and is rich in functional factors-fructose and protein, essential amino acids for human body, vitamins A, B and C, and various trace elements such as iron, potassium, magnesium and zinc. It is suitable for men, women and children. Long-term drinking of beauty beauty can increase wisdom and prolong life. The dry wine brewed by Fotaotao can promote digestion, soften blood vessels, make blood vessels elastic, enhance vitality, dredge meridians, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, moisten skin, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is a nutritious drinking wine. Dew wine: refined from dried peach wine and peach honey. It has the nutritional function of dry wine and organic compounds such as kaempferol, coumarin and trilobite glycoside contained in peach blossom. It can dilate blood vessels and peripheral capillaries, make blood vessels elastic, enhance vitality, dredge meridians, moisten skin and feel happy. In particular, peach blossoms are rich in vitamins A, B, C, iron, potassium, magnesium and zinc. Liquor: Fat peach fruit wine made from pure peach by fermentation and distillation, which combines the nutrition of peach with the sweetness of wine without destroying the nutrients beneficial to human body, and is made by careful fermentation and distillation to extract alcohol. High-alcohol liquor has clear and transparent body, sweet and refreshing entrance, rich and harmonious fruit aroma, long aftertaste and unique flavor. Low-alcohol wine is full-bodied, clean and refreshing, low but not light. Fruit liquor has the characteristics of not hurting the head and liver, refreshing and strengthening the brain, resisting fatigue, strengthening the spleen and appetizing, softening blood vessels and so on. Long-term drinking can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Fourth, product quality:

The Feitao series fruit wine developed by our company has been tested by the health and epidemic prevention and quality and technical supervision departments of Shandong Province, and all the indexes meet the requirements and the quality reaches the standard. In order to improve product quality, we will also start to cultivate pollution-free green fat peach development bases, create optimized conditions for fat peach processing products, and establish a green fat peach ecological park.

Five, high-tech achievements:

The research and development of this project fills a gap in brewing fruit wine with peach as raw material in China, and is now applying for national patent products. This project has won the scientific and technological progress awards of Feicheng City and Tai 'an City, and has been listed as a key scientific and technological project by the Science and Technology Department of Shandong Province. Professor, a famous wine-making expert in China, paid for Feicheng peach and spoke highly of it after drinking. He believes that the birth of Feicheng peach wine marks that the fruit fermented dry wine in China has reached a new level.

Market sales of intransitive verbs:

At present, more than ten varieties of Feitao series fruit wine have been produced. On the basis of meeting the local consumer market, the products have been sold to Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other markets, and the sales situation is very good, which has been favored by consumers.

Seven, the enterprise scale:

At present, our company has invested 25 million yuan, fixed assets160,000 yuan, and has an annual production capacity of 2,000 tons of flying peach fruit wine. It can digest and process120,000 tons of flying peaches every year, which can achieve an annual output value of10.000 billion yuan, annual profits and taxes of 36 million yuan, and can increase farmers' income by 8 million to 654.33 million yuan. The second phase of the project is also preparing to expand the production scale to reach the annual production capacity of 6000 tons of Feitao fruit wine.

Eight, serving agriculture, countryside and farmers:

Feicheng peach is a rare and precious resource in China. However, due to the concentrated maturity, storage intolerance and perishable, the transportation and sales of Feicheng peaches are restricted to a certain extent, resulting in high yield and low efficiency. Based on the geographical advantages and high-tech research achievements of 100,000 mu of Taoyuan, our company vigorously develops fruit wine production, which conforms to the national industrial policy and also plays a leading role for industry and farmers. It not only broadens the market of peach farmers and fat peaches, but also solves their problems and increases farmers' economic income.

Nine. Prospect:

With the development of society and the progress of human civilization. People's life concept and consumption consciousness also tend to health care. Due to the adjustment of the national industrial policy, according to the statistics of the National Food Industry Association, the consumption of grain wine is decreasing year by year, and the annual consumption of fruit wine is increasing at the rate of 15%. Therefore, developing fruit wine production has a very broad market prospect. We use rich fat peach resources to brew peach wine with high added value; It is conducive to the further processing and appreciation of Feitao specialty products in our city and promotes the adjustment and development of Feitao industry. At present, efforts are being made to make the enterprise bigger and stronger, and strive to build a leading agricultural enterprise that can drive the development of rural economy.