A brief introduction to the scenic spot of Mo Kui statue in Beishan

Beishan, formerly known as Longgang Mountain, is located at 1.5km north of long gang zhen, Dazu County, with an altitude of 545.5m m. The Cliff Statue of Beishan is located at the top of the mountain (commonly known as Fowan) and was excavated in 892-162 (from the first year of Tang Jingfu to Shaoxing at the end of the south). The cliff is about 300 meters long and 7- 10 meters high. As dense as a honeycomb, the grottoes are divided into south and north sections, generally numbered 290 (1-kloc-0/00 is the south section and10/-290 is the north section). Among them, there are 264 statues, 1 intaglio painting/kloc-0, and 8 classic buildings.

brief introduction

Baoding Mountain is located in the northeast of long gang zhen, Dazu County15km, with an altitude of 527.83m. Cliff statues of Baoding Mountain include statues of the Big Buddha Bay and the Small Buddha Bay centered on Shengshou Temple. It was carved by Zhao Zhifeng, who is known as "the sixth generation grandfathers spread Mudra", during the period of AD11252 (from Xichun to Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty), which lasted for more than 70 years. That's a statue.

Shengshou Temple, built on the mountain, is magnificent. Zhao Zhifeng was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was defeated in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and rebuilt twice in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The existing seven halls, such as the Mountain Gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Earth Division Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the Three Buddha Hall, the Burning Lamp Hall and the Vimo Hall, were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, with a construction area of 163 1.68 square meters.

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Giant Buddha Bay is located in a U-shaped mountain bay at the lower left of Shengshou Temple. The cliff is about 500 meters long and 8-25 meters high. There are statues carved on the cliffs on the east, south and north sides, generally numbered 3 1. Carved in turn are the Statue of the Protector, the Six Masters in the Karma Wheel, the Vast Baoting, the Three Sages of Hua Yan, the Goddess of Thousand Hands, Buddhist Stories, the Relieving of Nirvana, the Bath of the Prince of Kowloon, the Peacock King's Sutra Camouflage, the Pilu Dojo Cave, the Parental Grace Camouflage, the Lei Yin Map, the Convenient Buddha's Thanksgiving Camouflage, the Buddhist Sutras Camouflage, the Six Consumption Map, the Hell Camouflage, and the Liu Ben Statue Camouflage. All the statues are illustrated and illustrated, and the niches are not repeated.

Little Buddha Bay is located on the right side of Shengshou Temple, north-south direction. Its main building is a stone altar with a height of 2.3 1m, a width of 16.50m from east to west and a depth of 7.90m m. The altar wall is made of stone, and the stone chamber is made of stone. It is carved with Buddha and Bodhisattva statues, No.9 ... mainly including stupa, seven buddha wall, Baoen cave, moon-wheel Buddhist shrine in temple, ten evil pictures, Piluan cave, Huayan Sansheng cave, well irrigation niche and so on.

Characteristics of grottoes

Cliff statues in Baoding Mountain show many characteristics different from those in China's early grottoes:

Cliff statue of Baodingshan is a rare large-scale Buddhist tantric grottoes Dojo in China. The Big Buddha Bay is an external Dojo to preach to secular believers, and the Little Buddha Bay is the inner courtyard for believers to practice by precepts, with a complete system and characteristics. In a prominent part of the grottoes, there are pictures and albums of the deeds of Liu Benzun, the "King of Tang Yu", and more than 20 main statues are carved with the images of Liu Benzun and Zhao Zhifeng "becoming Buddhas".

(2) The expression of the Cliff Statue of Baodingshan is unique in grotto art ... I won't go into details on the theme of the Thousand Statues of the Giant Buddha Bay. There are both doctrinal and formal connections between caves, forming an organic whole. Its content begins with six breath and idealism, and ends with Liu Benzun's enlightenment to become a Buddha. There are teaching reasons, teaching actions and teaching results, forming a system. It has been equipped with scriptures, poems, carols and so on. It's disguised, and it's illustrated, which is different from Tibetan scriptures. It is a Buddhist stone carving document outside Tibet that has not been included in Tibetan scriptures in past dynasties, which has important academic value for the study of Buddhist classics.

(3) Sculpture focuses on expounding philosophy, integrating the basic teachings of Buddhism with the ethics and morality of Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism and Taoism in China, and showing the characteristics of China's Buddhist thought in the Song Dynasty.

④ The Cliff Statue of Baoding Mountain is a model of nationalization and living of China Grottoes. The content and expression of sculpture strive for life. For example, the kindness of parents vividly shows the process of their painstaking efforts to raise their children through a series of daily life plots, such as having children, pregnancy, childbirth, marriage, seeing them off, etc., which is vivid and touching. The picture of herding cattle is more than 30 meters long, carving out the misty Linquan mountain stream, interspersed with "ten cows and ten cows", and recreating the life of herding cattle in a lyrical way. Another example is the flute player who plays the flute solo, the chicken-keeper who is full of joy in her heart, and the drunken pictures of her father and son, husband and wife, brothers and sisters who are confused after drinking. The master sculptor experienced the exquisiteness of life and reproduced the accuracy of life, which was amazing.

⑤ The Cliff Statue of Baodingshan is a masterpiece of grotto art, which has developed creatively in many aspects. Statues are based on the principle of shocking people's hearts, so as to stimulate believers' piety to Buddhism. Sculpture, decoration, layout, drainage, lighting, support, perspective, etc. They all pay great attention to the beauty of form and artistic conception. For example, Avalokitesvara with Thousand Hands 1007 hands flexed and stretched, uneven and radiant like proud as a peacock. The 3l-meter-long Nie statue is only half exposed, and its composition is wonderful, giving people the aesthetic feeling of hiding but not revealing. This is the successful application of China's traditional aesthetic thought of seeing infinity in the limited landscape painting. Hell is disguised as a strange eighteen layers of hell; The bull's head and horse's face are ferocious and tough, and the suffering people are calling for help; All kinds of torture, such as sharp knives, saws, frying pans, ice cubes and boiling soup, are terrible and shocking. Dozens of statues in caves in Jue Yuan are exquisitely carved. Their clothes are like silk, and their pedestals are like wood carvings. There is a skylight above the hole for lighting, and the light shines directly into the center of the hole, which makes 7 and the internal light and shadow set each other off, which is mysterious. Hua Yan's three tall icons stand on the cliff and lean forward, successfully avoiding perspective deformation; The picture frame folds and stretches, the shawl hangs from the elbow to the foot, and the arm supports, so that the 100-catty stone pagoda in Manjusri's hand will not fall down for thousands of years. Taking advantage of the natural mountain spring on the cliff, the Prince Bathing in Kowloon plans to carve Kowloon on the cliff, and lead the spring water to Longkou in the middle, so that the trickling spring water can wash away and greet the prince for many years, adding vitality to the statue, which is a model adapted to local conditions.

In addition, there is still an inscription 16 in the cliff statue of Baodingshan, with the text11576; 44 inscriptions, travel notes and poems with 4020 words; 49 pieces of embroidery decoration, 803 1 word. Among them, the inscriptions carved by 1 174- 1252 and the book "Re-opening the Monument to Baoding Mountain" written by Liu Yi in 1425 are of great academic value to the study of the history of Baodingshan Grottoes and even the tantric history of China. Nanshan, formerly known as Guanghua Mountain, is located 2 kilometers south of long gang zhen, Dazu County, with an altitude of 5 14 meters. The statue was carved in A.D.1131162 (Shaoxing period in the Southern Song Dynasty). The cliff face is 86 meters long and 3.5- 10.2 meters high, and the general number is1. There are five Buddhist shrines, including Sanqing Ancient Cave, Notre Dame de Houtu, Longdong Cave, Zhenwu Emperor Temple and other Taoist themes.

Among Dazu stone carvings,11-13rd century Taoist cliff statues are the most concentrated and complete Taoist grottoes in China. There are five well-preserved places, taking Nanshan as an example. For example, there is a statue of 42 1 at No.5 Sanqing Ancient Cave, which is dominated by Sanqing, the highest Taoist god. It is engraved with the historical facts that Taoism in the 2nd century developed from the early worship of the old gentleman and the three officials to the belief in the "Three Emperors" and "Four Emperors" with clear gods and orders. Among the Taoist grottoes in China in the Song Dynasty, this grotto is the most beautifully carved; As far as the content is concerned, it is the most complete and systematic material reflecting the Taoist system in Song Dynasty, and it has extremely high religious, historical and artistic value.

There are 28 inscriptions on Nanshan. Among them, 1250 He Guangzhen's Monument to the Memorial of Wang Meng recorded the basic social and political history of eastern Sichuan after being attacked and plundered by Mongolian troops in the middle of 13 century, and preserved many precious first-hand historical materials, which has important values of "proving history with monuments", "supplementing history with monuments" and "dating generations with monuments". Most of the other inscriptions are masterpieces. brief introduction

Shimen Mountain is located in Xinsheng Village, shima town, 20 kilometers east of long gang zhen, Dazu County, with an altitude of 374.1m. The statue was carved in1094-1151year (Shaosheng in Northern Song Dynasty to Shaoxing in the late Southern Dynasty). The total length of the carved cliff face is 7 1.8m and the cliff height is 3.4-5m. The total number is 16, including the statue cave 12. In addition, there are 20 statues, 8 stone tablets and inscriptions, 8 farming records and the names of craftsmen such as Wen Unique, Wen Ju Dao and Sai.

The Cliff Statue of Shimen Mountain is a statue area where Buddhism and Taoism are integrated, especially Taoist statues. For example, the No.2 Jade Emperor Clairvoyance statue outside the Great Wall has eyes like two bells, as if it can see thousands of miles away; Ugly ears, Zhang Er listened carefully; Second, the muscles are strong, the tendons are exposed, and the techniques are exaggerated. Wu Tong, the seventh emperor, has one foot. His left foot is independent of a hot wheels. He has a wide forehead and deep eyes, a wide mouth and thick lips. He wears a flying robe, which comes and goes freely like the wind. There are 35 statues in 10 Huang San Cave, with elegant and exquisite shapes, overlapping clothes patterns and realistic techniques, and "human flavor" is more than "divine flavor". The serial number 12 centers on Emperor Dongyue and Empress Shuming, and there are 98 Baoyuan statues of Emperor Dongyue. It reflects the prominent position of Dongyue family among Taoist gods from 10 to 13 (Song Dynasty).

Buddhist themes mainly include pharmacists' shrines, Shuiyue Guanyin shrines, Sakyamuni shrines, Ten Immortals Guanyin's Seven Clamp, Peacock King Jingbian Cave, and Helidi Mother shrines. Among them, No.6 Ten Holy Guanyin Cave is the most exquisite.