What fortune-telling places are there in Qinghai?

What are the customs taboos in Qinghai?

Abstract: The indigenous minorities in Qinghai Province are mainly Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Salar and Mongolian. Among them, Tu and Salar are two unique ethnic minorities in Qinghai Province. The religions in Qinghai mainly include Tibetan Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Tibetans, Mongolians and Tu people believe in Tibetan Buddhism, while Hui and Salar people believe in Islam. All ethnic groups have a long history and excellent cultural traditions, and maintain unique and colorful national customs. Qinghai is the yearning of countless tourists. It's beautiful and magical. It is also a multi-ethnic community with different customs and taboos. So what are the customs and taboos in Qinghai? Next, this article will sort out the life taboos in Qinghai for everyone. Let's have a look!

Main etiquette taboos in Qinghai tourism 1. Mosque visit etiquette: non-Muslims are generally not welcome to visit mosques during worship hours, but Muslim worship is really worth seeing. You should ask permission before you can visit and take pictures. The best way is to find a Muslim to take you in, and then he will arrange for you to watch. When visiting a mosque, you should pay special attention to hygiene. You should not spit, litter, smoke, sing or shout, and keep a solemn atmosphere. Generally speaking, you can't just visit the bride. If you want to enter, you have to get the permission of the imam and the imam, and you can only enter if you take off your shoes. You can't read classics.

2. Etiquette for visiting Buddhist temples: Traveling to Buddhist temples is not as strict as that of mosques, but it should be civilized. If you give alms in front of the Buddha statue, you will get generous care from the management.

3. In Tibetan areas, you will occasionally see cattle and sheep hanging with red, yellow and green cloth labels wandering in the countryside, so don't drive or hurt them at will. That's a sacrifice for the Tibetan people. Don't aim a shotgun at a vulture. Tibetans are afraid of hurting their sacred birds.

4. Don't enter the temple without permission, and don't smoke after entering the temple. It's no problem to see the things in the temple. Don't touch Buddha statues, scriptures or take photos without authorization. Some places can't travel counterclockwise. Some secret temples are off limits to women.

5. When stepping into Tibetan tents and offices, don't step on the threshold with your feet, and don't spit in front of others.

6. There are many good places to shoot rape flowers in Qinghai in summer, such as Sun Moon Mountain, Qingshashan Mountain, Qinghai Lake and Menyuan. If it is an unattended vegetable field, you can take photos on the ground and don't go in (to prevent unnecessary trouble; Second, it is also respect for the people. Every grain is hard, and the harvest is not good where it is trampled; Third, there may be Tibetan mastiffs, which can be fatal. There are many rape fields near Qinghai Lake that are specially open for tourists to take pictures. Please pay attention to the charge when taking pictures.

7. The western part of the lake is dominated by Tibetans, with simple folk customs and generous Tibetans. If you have any requirements, just ask. The north is dominated by Mongolians, Hui people and Han people, and there is generally no big problem in safety. Pay attention to respect the living habits of local people and avoid drunkards. Because of religious problems, most local Tibetans don't eat fish, especially yellow croaker.

8. Qinghai Lake is a sacred lake in the hearts of Tibetan Buddhists. You can't swim in it, and don't touch the local people's offerings to the sea. It is best to circle the lake clockwise according to local customs.

Offering Hada is the highest etiquette for Tibetan guests, expressing warm welcome and sincere respect to the guests. Hada is mainly white, but also light blue or light yellow, generally about 1.5 meters to 2 meters long. The best is the colorful Hada in blue, yellow, white, green and red, which is used for the highest and most solemn ceremonies such as Buddhism. Hada is an essential part of Tibetan daily salute. Offering Hada is a courtesy used by Tibetan herdsmen in welcoming guests and daily communication.

10, when drinking buttered tea, the host pours tea, and the guests can only take it when the host holds his hands in front of him; When pouring tea, guests should pour the tea bowl forward with both hands to show respect.

1 1. Don't touch your head with your hands.

12. When receiving guests, whether walking or talking, always put the guests or elders first, and use honorifics, such as adding the word "la" after the name to show respect and kindness, and avoid calling them by their first names. You should bend your knees and smile when welcoming guests. Sit indoors, cross-legged, don't straighten your legs, point your feet at people, and don't look around. When accepting a gift, you should take it with both hands. When giving gifts, bow your head and raise your hands above your head. When offering tea, toast and cigarettes, offer them with both hands and don't put your fingers into the bowl.

13, temple participation rules, no noise, visiting temples, no smoking, touching Buddha statues, turning over scriptures, etc. Don't touch religious objects such as amulets and rosaries worn by lamas. Keep quiet when there are sacrificial activities in the temple. Don't make noise in or near the temple, let alone hunt and kill people.

14. Don't change the direction of the detour. When visiting temples, pagodas and other religious places, you must go around from left to right (you need to go around Bognis Temple from right), and don't cross vessels and braziers. There is also a warp roller, and the warp wheel cannot rotate counterclockwise.

15. Mosques generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit during worship hours, but Muslim worship is really worth seeing. You should ask permission before you can visit and take pictures. The best way is to find a Muslim to take you in, and then he will arrange for you to watch.

16. Celestial burial in Tibetan areas is not welcome. It will cause a lot of trouble if you take pictures or photography, so you must get the permission of your family to see it, but try not to take pictures.

17. If you live in a Muslim family, don't enter the kitchen without permission. Muslim kitchens generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit, and do not enter the owner's room, especially the hostess's room. Don't make a fuss about the different status and division of labor between men and women in Muslim families and the mainland. Don't touch religious objects. In Muslim families, the diet should meet halal standards.

The main taboo of the Tu nationality is 1. Turks are forbidden to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people will throw a handful of grass ash at the moon. But now the Turks also celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with the masses. The moon cakes in the Tu area are steamed by the Tu people themselves. They are big, round and varied, and the patterns on the moon cakes are colorful and unique.

2. Turks are forbidden to eat donkeys, mules, horses and dog meat. Visit the houses of Turks.

3. It is forbidden to urinate in the animal pen.

At the same time, it is also taboo to count the cattle and sheep of the owner's family, thinking that this will affect the development of the herd.

When sitting on the kang, it is forbidden to sit on the pillow and quilt of the host family.

6. Turks also have the habit of avoiding the door. For example, if you have a baby, go to a new door, or have a serious patient at home, you should stick a red paper on the door, or simmer a fire by the door, and outsiders are not allowed to be admitted to the hospital.

7. Young women are not allowed to enter the bedroom at will, nor are they allowed to joke with unmarried girls.

8. Smoking, spitting, rummaging through articles and making loud noises are prohibited in Buddhist temples and halls.

9. Avoid crossing the knee pads and other items of monks.

10, avoid sneezing and coughing on butter lamps.

1 1. When you turn chakras in a Buddhist temple, it must be from left to right, which is irreversible.

12. Hunting and defecation are prohibited near the temple.

13, Tujia families attach great importance to having children. The birth of a child requires a very grand ceremony. According to its custom, boys should have a full moon one day earlier and girls should have a full moon. At the full moon, the children's grandfathers, family elders, relatives and friends who come to enjoy the moon are invited to dress their children in new clothes and hold a banquet to entertain the guests, expressing their gratitude. At dusk, the baby is carried by his father to the gate to meet the sheep returning from grazing, indicating good luck. This custom may stem from the special attention paid by the ancestors of the Tu nationality to cattle, horses and sheep in the era of animal husbandry economy. Turkish babies shave their heads at the age of one, and babies usually wear long-sleeved shirts with bordeaux skirts.

Major Taboos of Tibetans Due to the long-term influence of religion, Tibetans have many taboos in their lives.

1, Tibetans do not eat round-hoofed livestock and ungulated animals, such as mules, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats and eagles. Nor should they borrow their tools and cookers to slaughter and cook these animals.

2. When visiting Tibetan families and entering the tent, men should generally enter from the left side of the rope in the middle of the tent, and women should enter from the right side, and sit down in the order of men left and women right. After entering the tent, you can't step on the cooker with your feet, you can't stretch your legs in the direction of the Buddha and the elderly, and you can't cross the clothes and hats placed by your owner. The clear water copper bowl displayed in front of the Buddha statue in the account is inaccessible. You can't take off your shoes and socks in front of the Buddha statue, and you can't bake your feet, shoes and socks in front of the stove.

When Tibetan families wash their hands and clothes, they should use their spoons to get water from jars instead of their own utensils. You can't deliberately hit Tibetan dogs, let alone shoot vultures with guns, and you can't urinate where cows are tied to horses or sheepfolds.

4. When you go to the temple, you are not allowed to touch Buddhist scriptures, Buddha statues, utensils, etc. With your hands, you can't cross it. It should be irreversible from left to right to turn the warp wheel where there is one. Tibetan heads and hats are generally not allowed to be touched. Paper printed in Tibetan, stones engraved in Tibetan, don't be toilet paper, don't knock against it.

5. Tibetans stick out their tongues to show respect rather than ridicule; Folding is a kind of etiquette.

6, outsiders can't mention the name of the deceased in front of the relatives of the deceased.

7. What should be done this year can't be done next year, such as twisting wool and knitting sweaters.

8. A chipped or cracked bowl cannot be used for eating or pouring tea for guests.

9. After noon, you can't take out any belongings at home.

10, do not cross or step on utensils, pots, plates, etc.

1 1. Women can't comb their hair and wash their hair at night, nor can they go out with their hair covered.

12. Don't make a sound when you go to the mountains and cliffs and canyons you haven't been to.

13, at dusk, you can't go to other people's homes casually, especially pregnant women who are about to give birth, women who have just given birth or seriously ill patients, and strangers can't go.

14. When using brooms and dustpans, you can't pass them directly by hand. You must put them on the ground first, and then another person will pick them up from the ground.

15. Two people at home go out at the same time and go in the opposite direction. They can't go out at the same time. They must go out before and after, and the time to go out should be separated.

16. Whenever relatives and friends visit your home or visit you, they will send you some butter tea or highland barley wine as a gift. Guests can't leave everything empty when they leave. Be sure to leave some in it or change something for themselves.

17. When greeting or chatting with old friends who meet after a long separation, remember not to put your hand on each other's shoulders, even old friends.

18, don't step over or step on other people's clothes, don't put your own clothes on other people's clothes, and don't step on people.

19, women can't hang clothes, especially pants and underwear that people pass by.

20. Don't whistle or cry loudly in the house.

2 1, remember not to sweep the floor or take out the garbage in the following situations: family members are not at home; The guest just left; At noon and after sunset and the first day of the Tibetan New Year.

The main taboo of Salar nationality is 1, fasting pork and meat of animals that die by themselves, fasting meat of donkeys, horses, mules, dogs and cats, and forbidding drinking blood. When killing animals, you must recite the name of Allah, otherwise you can't even eat the meat of animals such as cattle and sheep. You can't play any kind of joke on Salar people with pigs, and you can't cook taboo food such as pork with their cookers. Invite the Salar people to dinner. Food ingredients must be halal, and cooking utensils should be cleaned.

2. Salars are forbidden to smoke and drink, and cannot give others alcohol and tobacco, nor can others give them alcohol and tobacco, nor can they engage in any activities related to alcohol and tobacco, such as manufacturing, trade and transportation. When we get to their house, others can't smoke and drink. During Ramadan, others can't smoke and drink in front of fasting people, and they can't smoke and drink in front of fasting people when they are in mosques or engaged in religious activities. When eating, avoid leftovers in the bowl, avoid eating steamed bread with your mouth and break it with your hands. Don't use your left hand when filling rice, don't fill rice from the left, but from the right. It is forbidden to trample and waste food. If it falls to the ground, you should pick it up and eat it if it is not dirty. When eating, it is forbidden to eat without reading the "Tai Si Mi" meridians. Don't be picky about food, don't overeat, don't cross food, don't eat utensils and so on.

3. Salars are opposed to men disguised as women or men, men wearing red, yellow, green and yellow clothes, and men wearing gold and silver jewelry. Men are forbidden to expose the parts below the navel to above the knee, and women are forbidden to expose any parts except the five senses and hands. Avoid wearing clothes that deliberately pursue prominent curves. Married women are forbidden to have long hair, and men are forbidden to have long hair and nails.

4. Salars do not worship idols, so it is forbidden to hang any figures and animals at home, avoid quilts, sheets and other appliances like people and animals, avoid placing statues of people and animals, and avoid whistling or singing at home. In the past, it was allowed to sing "Hua Er" or "Her" in the wild, but it was forbidden to sing this kind of song at home or in the village, so we sang in the flowers: "You can't sing it in Zhuangzi, and old men will curse when you hear it."

5. Salars are forbidden to ask God for divination, face-to-face fortune telling and believe in spells. When you encounter good things, avoid being overly happy, when you encounter bad things, don't blame others, and even avoid losing hope in life and causing suicide. Salars are forbidden to get along with strange men and women alone, and to talk and chat between strange men and women. It is forbidden for divorced women or women whose husbands have died to marry others within 100 days. After the funeral, it is forbidden for family members or relatives to cry, wear mourning clothes, send flowers or carry flower baskets. For three days, the funeral home is forbidden to entertain guests, and family members are not allowed to go out as guests.

6. In terms of language, Salars have many taboos. In order to avoid impure thoughts, when men and women are together, some love words have also become taboo objects, such as "soyin" (love, like), which is rarely used. Life and death aging is an inevitable stage of life process and a normal physiological phenomenon. However, in the process of language communication, people avoid saying such things naked. Generally, "kuxinvumis" and "vuchangvumis" are used to indicate death instead of "ul". When you break the law or are shot for other reasons, don't say "uldsr" (kill), but use a combination of Chinese and Salar to mean "xoyla" (break). After killing an animal, you can't say "dead", you can only say "life ran away". In order to avoid embarrassment or misunderstanding, people often use other words instead of directly saying words about disability.

The main taboo of Hui nationality is 1. Pictures and photos of people and animals are not posted in Hui houses to avoid idolatry.

2. Hui people have their own national taboos in diet. Mainly fasting some food. Such as grotesque, filthy, vicious and strange birds, animals and fish, all belong to the scope of fasting. Roughly classified.

(1) Poultry: Anyone who eats whole grains, has a beard and looks like a chicken's mouth can eat it. Such as chickens, ducks, geese, quails, pigeons, sparrows, geese and so on. Eagles and carnivores, such as eagles, owls, raccoons, vultures, crows, magpies, woodpeckers, etc., are not edible.

(2) Animals: ruminants (chewing backwards), with four hooves and two halves, are docile and edible. Such as cattle, sheep, camels and deer. On the contrary, it is not allowed, such as pigs, dogs, cats, tigers, leopards, wolves, lions, rats, snakes, donkeys, horses, mules, dogs, monkeys, bears and elephants.

(3) Fish: those with fins under the abdomen, scales on the body, thorns on the spines and tails on the head, such as carp, silver carp, crucian carp, grass carp, yellow croaker and hairtail, can all be eaten. Whales, sharks, frogs, turtles, dolphins, seals, sea lions, etc. And "elephant fish is not a fish, fish is not a fish" is also taboo, such as loach, turtle, shellfish and so on. In addition, many Hui people have a tradition of not eating rabbits (rabbits can). It is said that it is because the cycle from pregnancy to calving is one month, and the female rabbit can menstruate and reproduce every month in normal climate, which means that the rabbit can reproduce more than ten births every year. The internal and external genitalia, testicles, blood, nasal whiskers, ears, pancreas (lymph nodes), brain, bladder and other parts of edible animals such as cattle and sheep are inedible. Because these parts and substances are often breeding grounds for all kinds of germs, hiding evil and accommodating evil. Therefore, the Muslims who sell beef and mutton need to clean up the beef and mutton and put them in order. Stab, pancreas, dirty blood vessels, blood clots, loose dirty hair and other dirt should be removed, especially the stuffing on the ground should be washed. Animals other than fish must be slaughtered in the name of Allah (Muslims say "slaughter" but avoid saying "kill"), and animals that have died or died of illness are not edible.

3. Hui people don't drink, and there is no wine set at home. Guests at home don't put wine. Sometimes, in order to receive guests, when others toast and clink glasses at banquets, Hui people mostly replace them with drinks such as water, orange juice and high orange. Some Hui people themselves don't want to eat at the same table as their drinking friends.

The main taboo of Mongols is that Mongols call themselves "Mongols". This name was recorded earlier in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and the National Records of Qidan, meaning "ever-burning lamp". Mongolian taboos mainly include seven aspects, such as fire taboo, water taboo, illness taboo, birth taboo, stepping on the threshold, touching the head and hitting the dog, as well as three taboos, such as being a guest, sleeping and numbers.

1, fire taboo: Mongolians worship fire, Vulcan and Kitchen God, and think that fire, Vulcan or Kitchen God are sacred objects to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to roast your feet on the stove, let alone wet your boots and shoes by the stove. Don't cross the stove, or pedal the stove, don't knock on the cigarette bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, you can't insert a knife into the fire, and you can't take meat from the pot with a knife.

2. Water taboo: Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands and bathe in the river, don't wash women's dirty clothes, and don't throw unclean things into the river. Grassland is dry and short of water, grazing by aquatic plants, and it can't survive without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life.

3. Taboo: When herdsmen are seriously ill or critically ill, they usually hang a rope on the left side of the yurt and bury one end of the rope on the east side, indicating that there are serious patients at home and don't entertain guests.

4. Birth taboo: taboo for Mongolian women when giving birth to children. Customs are similar everywhere. Mongolian women are not allowed to enter the delivery room when giving birth. Generally, an obvious sign should be hung under the eaves. Boys hang bows and arrows, girls hang red stripes. Guests will not enter the delivery room when they see the sign.

5, avoid stepping on the threshold: when visiting the herdsmen's home, entering and leaving the yurt, you must never step on the threshold. Mongolian people in agriculture and semi-pastoral areas also have this taboo. In ancient times, if someone stepped on the threshold of the Khan Palace account in Mongolia by mistake, they would be executed. This taboo custom continues to this day.

6, avoid touching the head: Mongolians are forbidden to touch the child's head with their hands. The old idea is that the hands of strangers are not clean, and it is not good for the healthy development of children to shape their heads.

7. Avoid hitting dogs: When you are a guest at the herdsmen's house, you should bridle your horse, walk slowly near the yurt, wait for the owner to come out of the bag to meet you, and then dismount after watching the dog, so as not to let the dog pounce and bite. Never beat or scold a dog or break into a yurt.

8. Taboos for being a guest: Although herdsmen are hospitable, there are many taboos for being a guest. When guests enter the yurt, they should pay attention to the overall dress, and don't tuck their skirts on their belts with sleeves. Don't go in with a whip, but put the whip on the right side of the yurt door and stand upright. After entering the yurt, avoid sitting in front of the niche. Otherwise, the host will treat the guests coldly, thinking that the guests don't understand the customs and don't respect the national customs.

9, sleep taboo: when sleeping and sitting, don't extend your feet to the northwest.

10, digital taboo: gift-giving taboo.