Nine people from the Three Kingdoms were elected to the Wu Temple. Why did Zhao Kuangyin get rid of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei after he proclaimed himself emperor?

Wu Temple is opposite the Confucian Temple, which is used to worship ancient famous soldiers. Jiang Ziya, the earliest king of Wu Cheng, was the chief priest, and Sean of Han Dynasty was the deputy priest. According to the specifications of the Twelve Philosophers of the Confucian Temple, ten people, such as Bai Qi, Han Xin, Zhuge Liang and Li Jing, are the Ten Philosophers of the Wu Temple. During Tang Dezong's reign, 64 ancient and modern famous soldiers were added, including Zhang Liao, Zhou Yu, Lu Xun, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.

From the establishment of Wu Temple by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to the addition of 64 soldiers, the configuration of Wu Temple remained unchanged until the end of Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. However, after the establishment of Song Dynasty, there were objections to the selection of personnel for Wu Temple.

In the first year of Gande, when he was offering sacrifices at the Wu Temple, he saw the image of Bai Qi, one of the ten philosophers, and flew into a rage. He thought that although Leitian was a famous name, it was "ominous to kill people", so he ordered the image of Leitian to be moved out of the Wu Temple. After that, the ministers were divided into two factions. One school of thought that it is necessary to re-establish the staffing and quantity of the Wu Temple. Only those who "have no merit" can enter the Wu Temple to offer sacrifices, that is to say.

The school, with Lang Liang as the secretary, strongly advocates that the candidates for the Wu Temple cannot be assigned according to the requirements. Liang wrote a letter of thousands of words, which showed his views in detail, because according to the idea of harmony, no famous soldier could enter the Wu Temple from ancient times to the present (Song Dynasty), even Confucius, King Wenxuan, Twelve Confucius Temple and four partners could not meet their requirements. After all,

Liang singled out Duke Zhou and Confucius as examples. These two people can be called "saints". Duke Zhou tried his best to help him become king, but there was still a barbarian rebellion outside, and Cai had a rebellion. Confucius traveled around the world and spread Confucianism, but it was not taken seriously by other countries. In addition, there is the stain of Cai Chen's El Park Jung Su Ria and the unjust killing of young people. Can these two people be regarded as "people without merit"? Since even saints are still so, let alone sages whose achievements are still below them.

The sparseness of Liang hit the nail on the head. No one in the world is perfect, and fighting on the battlefield can't be done with words. Seeing blood, being captured, being killed, and even finally dying under political manipulation are inevitable. YiWen Zhao Kuang Yin himself can't call it "flawless", but he wants to put this requirement on his predecessors and cover up his great achievements with a small stain, which is putting the cart before the horse.

However, Zhao Kuangyin also has his own plans. As a military commander, he wanted to create a new dynasty instead of a military government in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. For him, it is ok to respect culture, but it is still necessary to publicize it, but we cannot attach importance to the military. Most of the sixty-four martial arts temples will be famous in the battlefield, and their personal life is more or less lacking. This is not in line with Zhao Kuangyin's policy of governing the world with culture.

Even though Liang quoted the classics and kept the Wu Temple intact, he eventually moved 22 celebrities such as Guan Yu and Zhang Fei out of the Wu Temple, and joined 23 eligible celebrities such as Han Guanying, Ban Chao, Jin Wanghun and Tang Qin. These people may not have achieved as much as their predecessors, but they won a good start and a good ending.

Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin can not only kick Guan Yu and Zhang Fei out of the Wu Temple, but also remove all 22 people who do not meet his requirements. This is not personal, but for the needs of rule, understandable. But by the time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were invited to the Wu Temple, and several more people were added to become 72 famous soldiers.

To answer this question, let's talk about the ins and outs of this matter first. This actually happened in the fourth year of Stegosaurus (963).

On April 6th this year, Zhao Kuangyin visited Chengsi Temple in Wu Wang, which is the so-called Jiang Ziya Temple, commonly known as Wu Miao Temple.

In the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (73 1), he ordered all the states in the world to build the Taigong Temple for Jiang Ziya, and to make regular sacrifices every year. Whenever he sent troops or generals or civil and military juren wanted to send a letter, they should go to the Taigong Temple first.

In the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan (739), Jiang Ziya was posthumously named King Wu and became a warrior sage. At the same time, Confucius was canonized as the king of literature and propaganda, which echoed each other.

Since then, the Tang Dynasty has assigned 64 famous soldiers (later 72 sages) to the Wu Temple. Therefore, the enjoyment of Wu Temple became the highest praise after the death of military commanders, and it has not changed until the Five Dynasties.

But this time, I didn't come to Wu Temple to praise and cherish the memory of these generals. He came to do a big thing.

Zhao Kuangyin quickly looked at the famous soldiers painted in two corridors. When he walked up to Bai Qi, a famous Qin national, he suddenly pointed to Bai Qi and said, "The killing has decreased, so it's useless. Why should Hu Weiwei suffer from this? "

Tian Lei, the first of the four famous generals in the Warring States Period, killed people like hemp. According to historical records, he killed 400,000 soldiers in the battle of Changping alone! Later, some people called it killing God!

Unable to sit idly by, he immediately ordered people to remove the portrait of Leitian and ordered the ruling of the military commander to be enshrined in the Wu Temple. Military commanders who can continue to enjoy the martial arts temple have a standard-"those who have repeatedly built meritorious deeds."

What do you mean? Only by making great contributions, the undefiled military commanders can enter the Wu Temple. Killing prisoners is a stain.

Zhao Kuangyin said that servants in general don't listen to the truth anywhere.

On June 1 1 day, the ruling came out:

Wei Wuqi, Bin, Po; Han Xin, Peng Yue and Zhou Yafu in the Western Han Dynasty; Section of the Eastern Han Dynasty; Guo Wei Deng Ai; Guan Yu and Zhang Fei of Shu; Du Jin Yuan Kai, Tao Kan; Murong Shaozong in Northern Qi Dynasty; Wang Sengbian, Liang Chao; Chen Chaowu famous car; Su Yang, He Ruobi and Shi Wansui in the Sui Dynasty; In the Tang Dynasty, 22 people, including Li Guangbi, Wang Xiaojie, Zhang and Guo, were driven out of the Wu Temple together with those who were driven out.

That is to say, Zhao Kuangyin first targeted Tian Lei, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were actually implicated in Tian Lei, which was unlucky.

Some people went out, some people went in, and then the minister of the Song Dynasty handed in a report to increase the number of babies in the Western Han Dynasty. Geng Chun, Wang Ba, Ji Zun and Ban Chao in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Wang Hun and Zhou's visit to Jin: Liu Song Shen Qingzhi; Li Chong and Fu Yong in the Northern Wei Dynasty; Beiqi Shao; Li Mi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty; In the Tang Dynasty, 23 people joined the army, including Qin, Zhang, Tang, Hunjun, Pei Du, Li, Zheng Yi, Ge, Zhou Dewei and Fu Cunshen.

Zhao Kuangyin made a slight adjustment after receiving the report, adding Guan Zhong of Qi State and Wuqi of Wei State, and everything else remained unchanged.

This matter is over. However, people quickly put forward different opinions.

On June 13, Lang Xianping and historian Liang raised objections. First of all, he took Zhou Gongdan and Confucius as examples and pointed out that even saints could not achieve "perfect achievements".

Then analyze the specific problems and intercede for the famous names of various dynasties.

No one is perfect, and fighting is not a matter of lip service. Who hasn't made a mistake yet?

But Zhao Kuangyin didn't listen, and acted according to the plan. That's it. Cut the crap.

The question now is, why do you want to make a fuss about sharing the temple of Wu, and why do you want to get along with it?

Zhao Kuangyin is definitely not a whim, but full of political implications.

There is a direct reason for this.

On the 9th day of February this year, Song Jun wiped out Nanping without bloodshed. Then the army pointed the sword at Hunan to clean up Zhou Baoquan in our Wuping era.

Nanping is just an appetizing snack, and Zhao Kuangyin will go to Hunan for a big meal next.

Thus, the most terrible scene in the Song Dynasty unification war was staged.

History:

What kind of madness did Li Chuyun, who directed the operation, have? After he captured the prisoners, he chose dozens of big fat people from them, and then let the soldiers eat them in front of all the other prisoners!

Throughout the ages, during the war, it is not uncommon for a massacre to eat human flesh, but Li Chuyun's behavior of ordering people to eat human flesh in public has broken through people's moral bottom line!

Li Chu Yun eats people, and it is aboveboard. One hundred and fifty pounds of a person ate forty people, and Song Jun also ate six thousand pounds of human flesh this time!

I wonder if Song Jun, who eats human flesh, can eat meat in the future and feel sick.

Anyway, at least Wu Pingbing present was disgusted.

Li Chuyun, what is this? Soon he gave the answer.

Li Chuyun immediately ordered dozens of young prisoners to have words engraved on their faces and then put them back in Langzhou. These lucky people should be glad that they are not fat enough, otherwise they will become Song Jun's rations.

When they got away with it and returned to Langzhou, they immediately told everyone what they had seen and heard.

Brothers, Song Jun really eats human flesh. Fellow villagers, lose weight quickly. Song Jun eats fatty first.

This tells us that it is necessary to lose weight.

In short, the importance of losing weight has been reiterated again, and the horror of Song Jun has been publicized again.

Soon, the news that Song Jun wanted to eat people spread all over Langzhou.

Opposite is the teacher of the tiger and the wolf who can eat people. Who has the courage to resist such an army? Who else wants to try to see if their weight reaches the standard of being regarded as human flesh?

So "the thieves were frightened, set fire to the city, drove away the residents and fled to the valley."

Fear is contagious, and the soldiers and civilians in Langzhou began to be chaotic. The people set fire to the city and fled to the valley, and Langzhou was in flight.

That's what Sun Tzu's art of war says, attacking the city is the next step, and attacking the heart is the best.

Li Chuyun's method was a bit disgusting and cruel, but the effect was surprisingly good, and he quickly won Hunan.

The entire Jinghu Lake was annexed by Zhao Kuangyin, which was one of the most exciting things for the emperors.

But when Zhao Kuangyin learned that Li Chuyun had killed the prisoner, he was disgusted.

Zhao Kuangyin began to reflect on the cause and effect of Li Chuyun's cannibalism.

In fact, Li Chuyun's practice is the routine of the Five Dynasties. In order to achieve his goal, he did everything he could.

Yes, the effect of Li Chuyun's method is very remarkable, destroying the enemy's courage to resist and attacking the city without bloodshed.

But this method is only a purely military means, only suitable for conquering the world, not for ruling the world.

Afterwards, it was proved that when Li Chuyun's army captured Hunan, the fear and hatred accumulated by the brutal cannibalism were completely detonated by the army's disturbing behavior.

Hunan people began to revolt against Song Jun, and an uprising broke out in Hunan.

Wang Duan, who hijacked Zhou Baoquan before, called tens of thousands of troops to counterattack Langzhou.

It was not until September of this year that Wang Duan was captured and killed by Mr. Murong that the chaos in central Hunan gradually subsided.

In the end, the cost of defeating Wu Pingjun and winning Hunan in Dasong was far lower than that of quelling the Hunan Uprising.

This is not what Zhao Kuangyin wants. There are still so many places in the world that have not been taken down. If every general is like Li Chuyun and every place is like Hunan, how much energy will Zhao Kuangyin spend to pacify local chaos, even to destroy the enemy?

Zhao Kuangyin was no longer the military commander who attacked the city and pulled out the village, but the emperor who ruled the country and safeguarded national security.

He is a politician, and he must consider the problem from the perspective of a politician.

He can't accept Li Chuyun. The new dynasty has a new atmosphere. Now it is the Da Song dynasty and must be changed.

Therefore, there is a Wu Temple. In fact, Zhao Kuangyin used the Wu Temple to set an example to Li Chuyun's practice of killing prisoners, or beat about the bush.

Of course, this is only the direct cause. Even without Li Chuyun, Zhao Kuangyin will try to make changes.

In fact, on February 14th, three years before the war (962), Zhao Kuangyin said to officials around him: I want military commanders to study hard and know how to govern the country. "

What is the way of governance, that is, to change the cruel rule of long knives and broadswords pursued by military commanders since the Five Dynasties into the gentle rule respected by literati.

After Li Chuyun won Nanping, Zhao Kuangyin began to appoint some civil servants as magistrates. Wang Renzhan, Lu Yuqing, Xue, the new prefects, are all typical civil servants.

On the fourth day of April this year, Zhao Kuangyin set up an envoy in Hunan-Tongguan, which has the right to manage all the military and political affairs in the state, and can report the local situation directly to the emperor across the year.

First of all, the chief judge is the punishments, such as Xie Jia in Langzhong, who are all civil servants.

At the same time, Zhao Kuangyin took over the jurisdiction of counties in our time. The so-called county belongs to the jurisdiction of our time, not to other States stationed in our time. For example, our regiment governs Zezhou, Luxi, Xing, Ming and Magnetism, with Luzhou as its jurisdiction and Zezhou, Xing, Ming and Magnetism as its counties.

Since then, the governors of all provinces in the world have only the rights in their own States, and other prefectures and counties are managed by civil servants directly sent by the central government as judges and judges.

In this way, civil servants began to become local parents, take over local administrative power and manage judicial power on behalf of the court.

Military commanders are thus deprived of most local administrative powers, but this is only the beginning.

Zhao Kuangyin has also set up a full-time agency-transshipment department, with a civilian as transshipment ambassador, and each transshipment ambassador is responsible for the financial revenue along the way. Pay all local annual taxes except a small amount of necessary funds, and deprive local military commanders of their financial rights at one time (note: local borders will still have financial rights).

Administrative power and financial power are gone. What about judicial power?

In the Five Dynasties, the captain of a local military commander served as a judicial prosecutor, who was in charge of local judicial affairs and had the right to conduct all judicial trials, including the death penalty.

However, Zhao Kuangyin had previously ordered that all death penalty cases in all states of the country should be reported to the court for review by the Ministry of Punishment, and local officials had no right to execute the death penalty.

All judicial prosecutors in charge of justice, who are served by military commanders, have been removed from their posts and replaced by civilian officials.

Judicial power was thus deprived.

In this way, "the soldiers were collected, the money was collected, and the rewards and punishments were collected" (Zhu Xiyu), leaving the military commanders to fight. Local administrative power, financial power and judicial power have all been deprived, and civil servants appointed by the central government are responsible. Civil servants are no longer vases. Civil servants finally survived the five generations of winter and smelled the breath of spring.

It can also be seen that what politicians like Zhao Kuangyin do is not a whim, but a profound one.

Zhao Kuangyin used a knife to deal with Leitian, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, in fact, in order to change the arrogance and autocracy of military commanders in the Five Dynasties and promote the arrival of civilian rule in the Song Dynasty.

Although this matter is small, it also makes the early Song Dynasty very different from the Five Dynasties.

Zhao Kuangyin's expulsion of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei from the Wu Temple was not aimed at these two people. After all, as many as 22 people were removed from the Wu Temple. It is the need of political propaganda, and behind it is his concept of governing the country.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty and after the Han and Tang Dynasties, military commanders were enfeoffed by the imperial court twice. Although they have made great achievements in resisting foreign aggression and expanding their territory, they have also become the most unstable factor of the central government.

In addition, the throne was "ceded" to firewood, so he had a natural fear of military commanders. After Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne, he quickly took the method of relieving the military power by drinking a glass of wine and began to collect the military power released overseas. Finally, the Song Dynasty continued its ruling policy of emphasizing literature and restraining martial arts.

Wu Temple was built by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for offering sacrifices. At that time, it was in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, and its national strength was strong. What Li Longji has done is actually to publicize the strength of China's national strength and improve national cohesion. The selected generals are outstanding in martial arts, and occasionally their personal morality is detrimental, but they also do their best for the country.

As a matter of fact, Zhao Kuangyin's replacement of the generals in the Wu Temple is to announce to the world that the Song Dynasty must rule the world with "benevolence", followed by martial arts. Most of the military commanders who moved out of the Wu Temple were despised because of their personal moral defects.

One of the most famous is Zhao Kuangyin's comments on Tian Lei's "pit capture", which made him furious. Guan Yu was just proud and lost Jingzhou; Zhang Fei was violent, ungrateful, chickened out and was defeated like a mountain. It is personal morality that harms others and the country.

Most of the other military commanders who were removed from the Wu Temple are also tainted in these aspects.

Disobeying orders, falsely claiming illness or fleeing to other countries to fight.

A person who is lax, overbearing or even rebellious in running the army.

Accessory eunuch

Have a history of being captured or even defecting to the enemy.

Attachment to other places, or collusion.

The so-called Wu Temple is a spiritual sustenance for the people to pray for love. For the rulers, it is only a propaganda machine to spread national policies to the outside world and strengthen the central will. I'm afraid it's far from sacred.

Because both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei have noble personalities, especially Zhang Fei, who is loyal to his duties, attaches great importance to feelings and righteousness, and especially hates those who betray his master, Liu has always been praised by people.

Zhao Kuangyin is a representative of the usurpation and success of rebels and thieves. As a rebel and a thief, Zhao Da naturally has a fear of loyal people. How dare you worship Zhang Weishi? Besides, even if you worship Zhang, you can't protect a regime that won't get the right country.

Chai Rong was in the prime of life and died suddenly without warning. It is likely that Zhao Da and Zhao Er conspired to poison him. Zhao Da Zhao Er's behavior is too vicious. On a small scale, talk about the descendants of disasters. On a large scale, it even affects the whole nation. Later, Sima Yi was too vicious, which also caused the descendants to kill each other and the nation to be poisoned.

The legacy of the Jin and Song Dynasties has influenced the development of the nation for hundreds of years. After the Jin dynasty, there was chaos in the world, but as for the Sui dynasty, it was over. There was chaos in the world after the Song Dynasty, which led to the Republic of China.

From chaos to rectification, the nation has been reshaped and regained new vitality, just like a great historical cycle. During this period, people in troubled times were worse than dogs and sheep in prosperous times. Who knows how difficult people's livelihood is during this period? If we are not careful, the whole country will lose the game. As the initiator of the chaos, the Jin and Song Dynasties are really commendable.

What seventy-two Wenda, what seventy-two Wu Zhe! A large part of them are deceivers. There are many objections and objections in this world!

Thousands of years of history, after all, there are many perfect generals, but they are all unsuccessful. What can be used to inspire future generations? Later generations discovered that as long as they dared to change and publish, they dared to take it out.

The so-called Wenwu Temple has become a ridiculous place. What rubbish!

The squire was the most kicked out, right? What kind of commander-in-chief was he in the era of armed combat?