Who invented chopsticks?

Zhou Wang was the first king to use ivory chopsticks. China is the birthplace of chopsticks, and eating with chopsticks has a long history. The ancient book "Han Feizi Yu Lao" says: "I was afraid of Ji Zi because of its image. Sima Qian also said in Historical Records of Zong Weizi's Family that "it is an elephant, sighing: if it is an elephant, it must be a jade cup; For Yubei, it must be a strange thing in Siyuan Town. Since then, the gradual progress of Ma Gong has never wavered. "Although this is a statement of luxury life and courtiers' fear, it provides the most valuable written historical materials for us to trace the birth and development of Zhu from the court events caused by ivory chopsticks. Zhou was the monarch in the late Shang Dynasty. Based on this calculation, refined ivory chopsticks appeared in China around 1 144 BC, that is, more than 3 100 years ago. Some people also doubt the record of "like chopsticks" in ancient books. They think there are no elephants in Henan and Hebei, so where are the tooth chopsticks? According to archaeologists, there is the word Xiang in Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Shang Dynasty, and there are also records of "Fu Xiang" and "Lai Xiang". There is also a saying in Lu's "Spring and Autumn Ancient Music" that "businessmen are dressed like elephants". According to this article "The Covenant of Images", that is to say, the trunk is also a kind of food. It can be seen that there are many elephants in Yuanye in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. It is precisely because of the hunting of elephants in Shang Dynasty that it is possible to "change elephants". The ancient book says that "Qi began as chopsticks". It is said that Zhou Wang was the first king to use ivory chopsticks, but he was not the first person to use ivory chopsticks in China. The birth of chopsticks should be several years earlier than the Shang Dynasty. Dayu was the legendary first person to use chopsticks in China. There is a folklore in the northeast. It is said that Dayu went to the house three times when he was in charge of water conservancy. He eats in the wild, sometimes for a short time. As soon as the animal meat is cooked, he eats it in a hurry and then moves on. However, when the soup is boiled, there is no way to start, so I break the branches and eat them with meat or rice. This is the original prototype of chopsticks. Legend is not official, but cooked food is hot and chopsticks are born by luck, which is in line with the law of human life development. In the Book of Rites, Zheng "painted creatures with soil and ate them with guns". This is to wrap the millet with leaves, paste it and bake it in the fire. Some experts believe that this baking method also promotes the formation of chopsticks. When the ancestors baked the grains covered with mud in the ashes of the fire, they kept poking them with branches in order to make them mature evenly. Our clever ancestors were inspired by poking the original popcorn. Over time, the prototype of chopsticks and chopsticks gradually appeared in the hands of ancestors. Of course, this is speculation, because there were no words in the Yu Xia era at the end of the Neolithic Age, and it was impossible to record the invention process of chopsticks at that time, but these speculations by dietetic experts are not without scientific reason. Han Feizi called chopsticks "chopsticks", which once again proved that chopsticks were originally made of wood and bamboo. Because there are many trees in the north and many bamboos in the south, and our ancestors used local materials, bamboo and wood are the most primitive raw materials in China. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty said: "Bamboo is the sound", and the ancients said: "Bamboo is the load" and the load is from wood. This is another evidence that our ancestors first used thin wooden poles or bamboo as tools to carry food. However, it takes hundreds of years or even longer to take out hot food from clay pots with branches and fine bamboo to form chopsticks. The history of mankind is an evolutionary history. With the improvement of cooking methods, its tableware has been continuously developed. In primitive society, everyone grabbed food with their hands. In the Neolithic Age, most of our ancestors used cooking. Mi Dou, the staple food, is boiled into porridge with water, while vegetables and meat, the non-staple food, are boiled into soup. It is very inconvenient to take a spoon from the soup, but it is convenient to take a leaf with chopsticks. Therefore, "Book of Rites Quli" said: "Soup is served in a dish, which is very convenient." "Zheng Xuan's Note" contains, still Mao. It can be seen that soup was the mainstream in the Neolithic Age, so it was very inconvenient to drink soup with a spoon, and it was even more impossible to catch hot thin soup with your hands, so chopsticks became the most ideal tableware. In short, the emergence of chopsticks is not isolated. As early as the middle Neolithic Age, daggers and spoons were found in Yangshao cultural sites. When history advanced to the late Neolithic Age, people's wisdom developed to a certain extent and their living conditions improved. Eating with a spoon alone can no longer adapt to the evolution of cooking, and the appearance of chopsticks conforms to this trend. But in the Xia Dynasty 4,000 years ago, Zhu was still in its embryonic stage. After hundreds of years of continuous evolution, two sticks with the same length were gradually formed in the Shang Tang era. Then it developed to the end of the Shang Dynasty. In order to meet the needs of his king's luxurious aristocratic life, he ordered elephant hunting and saw teeth to make elephant chopsticks. Because the birth history of Biography is not recorded, we can only trace the birth of Biography according to various inferences and circumstantial evidence of some experts, but we believe that the appearance of Biography is the inevitable result of historical deduction.

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