Chronology of Western Qin Dynasty (5 1): Memories of Liulishan (Part Two)

? This land of victory is back now, but I can only see a deep pit more than 500 acres wide. The blue waves rippled at the bottom, and the pit wall was mottled and steep, telling the past of Liulishan. The reason is that the tuff (locally called bluestone) that constitutes Liuli is hard and is an excellent building material. It is inevitable for local people to rely on the mountain to develop the stone industry.

The stone mining in Liulishan is very early, but it is impossible to verify when it started. There is a local legend that "the greedy till turns into a stone, and the industrious stone turns into a till", which tells the origin of local people mining stones in Liulishan.

? The earliest method of artificial quarrying was primitive. 1 person alone or in partnership with two people, hammer several chisels into stone patterns to crack them, and then process them into square stones, which can be used as the cornerstone of houses, walls and pavements.

? Later, using explosives to cut the mountain improved the efficiency of quarrying, but it was still hard. At that time, the main types of work in the stone mine were laying down, pulling out, sledgehammer, small hammer, shooting, helping brazing, carrying sticks, trailer and so on. At the earliest, stones were even lifted manually until a two-wheeled cart appeared.

? In a stone mine, the most experienced workers are "gangsters", who are responsible for gun emplacement selection, ignition and blasting, pumice removal and so on. A safety rope made of thick hemp rope, one end tied to the waist and the other end tied to the mountain, hangs itself in the air, punches holes, and picks out the pumice on the stone wall with hooked steel. High salary and high risk.

Liulishan uses machines to mine stones. According to the Records of Tong Yuan Town, it started in 5 years of the Republic of China (19 16). According to the supplement "Mountain Piece" of "The Record of the Dead": "Since the Republic of China, a stone company has been set up in this mountain, which uses machinery to crush stone chips and sell them for road construction". Presumably, at this time, Liulishan bluestone should have become a minor celebrity in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.

? In the 8th year of the Republic of China (19 19), in the directive No.4575 of the Governor's Office of Zhejiang Province, Governor Qi Yaoshan transported Huatingtang River embankment (Huatingtang, the Huatingtang seawall in Fengxian, Shanghai), which was built in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, with a total length of 24 kilometers, and was made of stone and granite, with magnificent momentum, and was called "Forty Mile Golden City". ), instruct Liulishan to provide 1790 cubic meters of stone.

? From 65438 to 0972, American President Nixon visited China, and Shanghai was one of his stops. But at that time, Shanghai Hongqiao Airport could not take off and land Nixon's "Air Force One" special plane. Six months ago, in order to welcome him to visit Shanghai, the central government decided to rebuild Hongqiao Airport. Shanghai Airport Repair Department named Liulishan Stone as concrete aggregate.

? In fact, until 1978, the stone mining in Liulishan has been tepid. After 1978, with the rapid development of stone industry in Tong Yuan, there are stone factories around Liulishan: Liulishan stone rolling factory in Haiyan County (state-owned) in the north, Nanlishan stone rolling factory in Liulishan in the south (joint venture of Liulishan stone rolling factory and tea garden stone factory in Liulixiang), Xingong Village stone factory (village office) in the west and Tong Yuan Town No.1 stone factory (Tong Yuan Town and Xinchang) in the east.

In those years, the whole of Liuli was very lively: guns rumbled, stone machines roared, wheels rolled, and smoke covered the sky. The river is even full of tugboats, lined up to load stones and transported to Shanghai through the Liu Ping-Shenxian waterway.

? Due to extensive mining, by 1985, only about a quarter of the mountain above the ground in Liulishan was left. In fact, as early as 1983, Tong Yuan Town No.1 Stone Factory started underground quarrying due to lack of resources. By 2005, the stone mine was shut down, forming a mine pit with an area of 0.3 square kilometers and a depth of nearly 80 meters. Over time, it became a lake.

? Liuli Mountain is 3 kilometers southwest of Tong Yuan Town. When I went out as a child, the dark mountain shadows were faintly visible. But it was not until the end of 1970s that we really approached Liuli Mountain.

? At that time, my uncle was applying for buns, steamed buns and other cakes in a snack bar in Liulishan. One day, I got up and took me there and stayed for two days and one night. During the break, I went to Liuli.

? At the end of 1970s, the large-scale development of Liuli had just begun. Most of the vegetation at the main peak and the foot of the mountain was not destroyed, but bamboo forests and tea gardens still existed. On the top of the mountain, it is said that Tie Guai Li fell down after being drunk, leaving two "foot steamed bread marks" (foot steamed bread: the local language, that is, knees. Therefore, it is also called "immortal's knee" and the "dripping stone" shaped like a slide, which attracts teenagers' doubts about "cutting down trees and cutting off roots" (vernacular, asking questions). Facing the dark cave at the foot of the mountain, I am eager to try, and I am anxious (in local language, it is quick) to ask where it leads.

? At that time, I picked up a stone that looked like a plant fossil. There were traces of moss, algae and branches on the rock layer, which took a long time to be taken home. Later, I learned that this kind of stone is called Songping stone, also called turquoise, and its scientific name is mildew tree stone or branch stone. It is not a fossil (called "fake fossil" in the industry, which has certain ornamental value), but the imprint is actually an oxide crystal of manganese.

? Later, I also went to Liulishan for business many times, but they all came and went in a hurry and never went deep. It wasn't until the early 1990s that we took the reporter to Liulishan Stone Mine to collect wind, and then we became close again. But at that time, Liulishan had disappeared, and only workers as thin as ants were busy at the bottom of the mine. The long winding conveyor belt keeps sending stones to the ground, and the whistle of freight convoys rings from time to time in the muddy Yellow River. When I was young, Liulishan was long gone.

? Later, I went back to my hometown several times and asked Liuli. I only heard that the water in the mine is clear and the fish is delicious, but it is difficult to catch. Later, it was said that the government would use the Liulishan mine to build a plain reservoir, which was lively for a while and gradually calmed down.

? Not long ago, in the circle of friends of Mr. Hu Yongliang, a rural sage, I found that he was invited to visit Liulishan, only to know that Zhejiang Trading Company had photographed the mining right of Liulishan Mine for two and a half years and established Haixin Mining to be responsible for the comprehensive development and utilization of Liulishan Mine. Hu Lao's trip is said to be Haixin Mining's desire to explore the natural environment and human landscape of Liulishan, so as to provide humanistic and historical support for the comprehensive recovery after comprehensive mining.

? Meeting a company with feelings, the future of Liulishan must not be a dream.

? Remarks: When writing this article, I found a strange phenomenon. In ancient books, the names of "Liu Lishan, You Lishan and Li Jiaoshan" are mixed. "Liulishan" can be found in the Record of Falling into the Water and the Whole Map of Ganpu Station in the Song Dynasty. This article "Zhejiang Governor Decree No.4575" can be regarded as "Muli Mountain"; "Li Jiaoshan" can be found in the woodcut edition of Haiyan County Records of Guangxu taken by Mr. Hu Yongliang. However, Liuli is named after "Mountain Saturday", and "Li Jiaoshan and You Lishan" are nothing more than a nice guy, Mr. Jiao Yili, who is obsessed with one of the four big noble. It seems more real to call it "Liu Lishan".