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God Rabbit and Lei Yu were the earliest door gods that children believed in, which were recorded in all books and records of Han Dynasty except Shan Mei Jing. For example, it is said in Volume 6 of Rebuilding the Integration of Weft Books and Riverside Terrace that there is a big peach tree on Du Tao Mountain, with branches winding for three thousand miles, and there is a golden rooster on it, which will be called when the sun comes out. There are Er Shen under the tree, one named Yu and the other named Lei. They all hold reeds to guard those ominous ghosts and kill them as soon as they are caught. Ying Shao's "Custom Righteousness", Volume 8, says that tea and thunder are brothers, and they are born to catch ghosts. They often check all kinds of ghosts under the peach trees on Dushuo Mountain. If they find anything harmful to human beings, they will arrest them and feed them to tigers. Therefore, on the New Year's Eve in Ladong, the county owner often carved a peach man with a reed and hung it on the door, and painted a tiger on the door, all of which were imitations of the ancients. Taoism has absorbed this belief. For example, Jin's Book in the Pillow lists it as one of the eastern ghost emperors, and its true immortal record at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty also said: "Today, people face the DPRK, and there are two Taoist priests standing by the door, with rooster hair in their ropes, and they are brave." Since then, Er Shen has been believed by people. For example, The Story of Jingchu Times written by Liang Zonggu in the Southern Dynasties said: Make a door with red boards, which is called immortal wood, and draw two immortals on it. The door on the left is called Shen Tu, and the door on the right is called Lei Yu. People call them door gods. Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in Sui Dynasty quoted Kuotu as saying that Shen Di and Lei Yu were the door gods under Du Taotao's peach tree. Song, Chen, Liang and Yuan Dynasties' Guang Ji Years' Volume 5 also has a special article "The Debate of Reddy", saying that people often write Fu Tao in Zheng Dan and engrave Lei Yu and Shen Tu on it. Textual research on Beiping customs is also called: New Year's Day, which was hung by nobles, and the branches and leaves of cypress were inserted by the people. Folk New Year Picture Idols and Photo Exhibition: "The so-called gods are the characters in the myth of Shan Hai Jing. ..... The meaning of the oldest door gods mentioned above has not been completely forgotten so far, and there are still books with their names to replace the more popular portraits of generals. " It can be seen that Er Shen's belief is widely spread among the people, and the ways of offering sacrifices are roughly as follows: painting a portrait of Er Shen on the door, hanging two gods on the door with red wood carving, writing the names of the two gods on the mahogany board with vermilion pen, hanging them on the door, and drawing Taoist symbols. No matter which method is used, people think that ghosts can be exorcised. Regarding the image of Er Shen, there is a picture in the voice of the three religions, in which there is a portrait of Er Shen. Er Shen is located under a peach tree, topless, with a black moustache, flirting, two horns on his head, a peach wooden sword and a reed rope in his hand, and he looks fierce. No wonder ghosts are scared when they see them.

In the Tang Dynasty, there appeared a keeper, Zhong Kui, who not only caught ghosts, but also ate them. Therefore, people often put images of Zhong Kui on their doors on New Year's Eve or Dragon Boat Festival to ward off evil spirits. The Chronicle of Yanjing written by Fu Cha Dunchong in the Qing Dynasty said: "Every time you visit Duanyang, you will put a foot of yellow paper on the shop, or draw a statue of Shi Tian and Zhong Kui, or draw a five-poison spell and put it on sale. People rushed to buy and put them on the middle door to avoid worshipping evil spirits. " Its image is leopard head, eyes like rings, nose like hooks, ears like bells, wearing a black hat, black shoes, wearing dahongpao, holding a sword in his right hand and catching ghosts in his left hand, glaring, looking dignified and straight. It is said that his ghost-catching skills and prestige are much higher than those of Shen Di and Lei Yu. As for its origin, according to the records in Volume III of Bu Bi Tan, Volume IV of Tian Zhong Ji and Volume XIV of Fairy Mirror of Past Dynasties, Zhong Kui was originally from Zhong Nanshan, Shaanxi Province, and he was outstanding when he was young. Tang Wude (6 18-627) went to Chang 'an to take a martial arts exam, but he was killed on the steps of the temple because he was ugly. Later, Emperor Xuanzong occasionally went to asplenia and invited many doctors to save him. The effect is not good, and the court is anxious. One night, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fell asleep and suddenly dreamed that a child had stolen the property in the palace and escaped along the palace wall. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty hastily ordered the arrest, only to see a tall gentleman run to the temple, grabbed the little goat and ate it with his eyes closed. Xuanzong asked him who he was, and he replied, "There is a scholar Zhong Kui missing in martial arts." . Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty woke up and got well the next day, so he asked the painter Wu Daozi to paint a portrait of Zhong Kui, which was exactly the same as what he saw in Xuanzong's dream. Xuanzong was so happy that he hung it on the door of the palace as a guard. Later, Taoism absorbed this belief, and Zhong Kui was often regarded as a judge to exorcise evil spirits and chase ghosts, so Zhong Kui became a Taoist deity to exorcise ghosts and catch ghosts.

In addition, Zhong Kui is also widely circulated among the people. There are stories about Zhong Kui marrying his sister, Zhong Kui catching ghosts and Zhong Kui hunting at night.

Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong are five door gods. They were worshipped as door gods only after the Yuan Dynasty, but they were actually from the Tang Dynasty. According to the records of Sou Shen Ji, The Complete Works of Sou Shen Ji of Three Religions and Fairy Mirror of Past Dynasties collected by the Ming Dynasty orthodoxy, the two goddesses were two generals (Qin) and (Weichi Gong) in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, Emperor Taizong was in poor health, and there were evil spirits howling outside the bedroom door. Six hospitals and three palaces, there is no peace at night. So Emperor Taizong told all the ministers about it, and Qin said, "I've killed people all my life and accumulated corpses like ants. Why should I be afraid of imps? " I am willing to wait with Jingde in uniform. "Taizong allowed them to stand on both sides of the door at night and have a safe night. After Emperor Taizong rewarded the two men, he felt that it was really hard to keep them at the palace gate for one night, so he ordered the painter to draw two portraits, both full of anger, holding Yu Fu in his hand and practicing bows and arrows with a belt whip. As usual, he hung them on two palace doors, and the wild ear was calm from then on. It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that people followed this practice and regarded it as a door god. There have been similar records before, but none of them indicate that it is these two people. For example, the southern song dynasty's anonymous "Maple Window Raft" said: "Before Jingkang, there were many door gods in the side, wearing tiger helmets, and the princes' doors were decorated with mud gold. He Shi's "Biography of Soldiers" said: "On New Year's Eve, both generals wore armor in the town hall. "It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that it was recorded as Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong. For example, in Qing Guru's "The Door-keeper of Qing Karoku", he said: "Night is easy to be a door-keeper. Qin He's vulgar paintings are printed on paper and pasted by small households. "A New Theory of Searching for Gods by Li in Qing Dynasty": "In this life, I cherish each other, or draw a literary official, or a book god, or a military commander, thinking that Taizong was ill, and asked Weichi Gong to guard the door for illness. "According to the current Zhang Zhenhua Changhua's" China Times Customs ","Door-sticking gods are used in different ways in different places and different times. White-faced Qin and black-faced Qin are commonly used in Beijing. So far, some residents still do this and pray for good luck in the coming year. "Explain that Er Shen has been worshipped by people since he was worshipped.

Originated from the worship of common things in ancient times, the Yin emperor offered five products, and the door was one of them. In the Zhou Dynasty, five offerings were offered at the palace "gate", a place that must pass by every day, which naturally attracted attention. The offerings made the door gods visualized and personalized. According to legend, he is a god, under the orders of the Yellow Emperor, in charge of people and ghosts. Therefore, on the night of December 30th of the lunar calendar, two gods carved peaches on both sides of the gate to ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters. Draw two statues on the door. Be door gods one by one.

The doorman is said to be a magic tea that can catch ghosts.

There were three door gods in the Han Dynasty, one was Cheng qin, and the other two were shentu and Lei Yu. When I arrived in Emperor Taizong, painters were ordered to paint two images of Qin and Weichi Gong around the palace. They have always been door gods, and the people used them to suppress evil spirits. See "Talking about Introducing Customs". After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the folk door gods changed more and more. Among them, Qin's, Weichi Gong, Wen Chuan, Yue Fei, Zhao Yun, Sun Bi, Pang Juan and other ancient loyal ministers are among them. Military commanders have made outstanding achievements, and they are more able to exorcise ghosts, unable to cross barriers, and their families are safer. There are Tiangong (XiShen) and Liu Hai (Little God of Wealth).

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ying Shao quoted the Book of the Yellow Emperor from Customs Tong: In ancient times, two brothers, Nash and Lei Yu, lived on Dushuo Mountain. There is a peach tree on the mountain, and the shade is like a cover. Every morning, they will review the ghosts under the tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people used two pieces of red wooden boards to draw pictures of God Tea and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. In the Chronicle of Jingchu Age written by Liang in the Southern Dynasties, it is recorded that on the first day of the first month, "making a peach board is called fairy wood, painting two gods to stick to the household, the left god is naphthalene, and the right one is called door god." However, the door gods recorded in real history books are not tea gods and Lei Yu gods, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang dynasty, the position of the door god was replaced by Qin's harmony.

The Journey to the West's account is even more detailed: The King of Jinghe committed a crime in order to bet with a Mr. Corn and should be punished. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the supervisor. King Jinghe begged Emperor Taizong to spare his life. Emperor Taizong agreed, and when it was time to kill the dragon, he summoned Wei Zhi to play chess with him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi went down and punched a chest, and his soul ascended to heaven and beheaded the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried outside the palace day and night for his life. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin Baoshu said, "I would like to stand outside with Wei Chijingde in uniform." . Emperor Taizong agreed. There was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong couldn't bear the hardships of the two generals, and ordered Dan Qing, a highly skilled painter, to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door. Later generations followed suit, so the two generals became gatekeepers of thousands of families. On the two gates of some old-fashioned gatehouses in Chaoshan today, we can also see Shencha, Lei Yu or two fierce generals. Their images seem to be the same, but after careful observation, one of them holds Strafe and the other holds an iron mace. Wei Chijingde is the whip bearer, and Qin Qiong is the scepter bearer.

How did Emperor Taizong make Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong the door gods?

There are many door gods in houses all over the country, especially Beijing, which is the first good cultural area. Door-keeper is one of the most popular gods in China and Beijing. Its long history, wide spread and variety are the most prominent among folk gods. Only the book of door gods standing proudly on the doors of thousands of households in Beijing in the old days was recorded in the back.

At the beginning of the new year, the first thing is to paste the door gods and couplets. On New Year's Eve (or 29th), every household goes to the streets to buy Spring Festival couplets, and those who are interested also spread paper and splash ink in the spring to decorate the portal.

The doorman is said to be a magic tea that can catch ghosts. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ying Shao quoted the Book of the Yellow Emperor from Customs Tong: In ancient times, two brothers, Nash and Lei Yu, lived on Dushuo Mountain. There is a peach tree on the mountain, and the shade is like a cover. Every morning, they will review the ghosts under the tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people used two pieces of red wooden boards to draw pictures of God Tea and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. In the Chronicle of Jingchu Age written by Liang in the Southern Dynasties, it is recorded that on the first day of the first month, "making a peach board to touch a household is called fairy wood, painting two gods to stick to a household, and the left god naphthalene and the right dragon are called door gods." However, the door god recorded in real history books is not a dragon, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang dynasty, the position of the door god was replaced by Qin's harmony.

The Journey to the West's account is more detailed: The King of Jinghe made a bet with the fortune teller, and as a result, he broke the dogma and was punished. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the supervisor. King Jinghe begged Emperor Taizong to spare his life. Emperor Taizong agreed, and when it was time to kill the dragon, he summoned Wei Zhi to play chess with him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi took a nap in the rain, and his soul ascended to heaven and beheaded the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried outside the palace day and night for his life. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin Baoshu was willing to stand outside the door with Wei Chijingde in uniform. Emperor Taizong agreed. There was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong couldn't bear the hardships of the two generals, and ordered Dan Qing, a highly skilled painter, to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door. Later generations followed suit, so the two generals became gatekeepers of thousands of families. On the two gates of some old-fashioned gatehouses in Chaoshan today, we can also see Shencha, Lei Yu or two fierce generals. Their images seem to be the same, but after careful observation, one of them holds Strafe and the other holds an iron mace. Wei Chijingde is the whip bearer, and Qin Qiong is the scepter bearer.

1. Ghostbusters are mostly Shen Tu and Lei Yu, Golden Rooster and Tiger. Legend has it that there is a big peach tree in Taoyudu Mountain, which bends three thousand miles. There is a golden rooster at the top, and Er Shen at the bottom, with jade on one side and thunder on the other, holding a reed rope to guard the ominous ghost bird. This is Jiang Dan, the golden rooster in Rizhao. The rooster crows loudly. So all the chickens in the world heard it, and the golden rooster flew down and ate all the evil spirits. Ghosts were afraid of the golden rooster, and they all left, and the world was safe. What's more, after catching the ghost, Lei Yu tied a reed rope and held a tiger. In the old days, after the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, Beijingers put up door gods, decorated peaches, hung reeds and painted tigers on the doors, and put two lights on the left and right of the doors to symbolize the tiger's eyes, so as to drive away ominous, evil and ghosts.

Second, the door god for praying is not the protector of the portal, but is used for praying. The central figure is Fu Tianguan. There are also bangs, golden toad, lucky boy and little god of wealth. Most of the families of worshippers and posters are business people, hoping for fame and fortune, deer and bats being happy, and BMW bottles and saddles praying from the door gods, all of which are different in order to welcome auspicious events.

Third, the Taoist door gods were not posted in Beijing folk houses, but found in the Jingdao Temple. There are two gods in the gate. On the left is Qinglong Alina Zhang Shen Jun, and on the right is White Tiger prisoner Shen Jun.

Fourth, the military commander's door god, the military commander's door god is generally posted on the door facing the street. In order to prevent demons or disasters from entering the gate, the door gods provided are mostly armed. Such as: sword, spear, halberd, axe, fork, whip, hammer, hammer, claw, kidnapper, meteor, etc. The door gods of military commanders at the entrance of Beijing residents' courtyard are mostly Tang Dynasty famous Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong. Also known as Qin, a native of Licheng, Shandong Province, is good at martial arts. He is known as: Sai Zhuan Xu, like Meng Changjun, Shenquan Taibao, General with Double Hammer, hammering the Sixth Hospital of Shandong and galloping across the Yellow River. Weichi Gong, a general of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, was skilled in martial arts. He occupied three cities during the day and eight villages at night, which made him a duke of Hubei. After Qin and Wei Chi helped to establish the Tang Dynasty, why did they still serve as folk door gods when they were named the founding fathers?

A Complete Collection of the Three Religions Seeking Gods: In his early years, Emperor Taizong sent crocks to sweep Dou Jiande, Du and other insurgents, during which he killed countless people. Upon arrival, he was in poor health, fidgeting at night and having nightmares. He often worships ghosts, throwing bricks and tiles inside and outside the bedroom hall, and ghosts call, which makes the front and back halls, the thirty-six palaces and the seventy-two courtyards restless at night. Li Shimin was afraid and told his minister, but he didn't know anything inside or outside the palace. Only Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin were afraid day and night. After more than a month, Emperor Taizong finally couldn't stand the torture of evil spirits and called the ministers to discuss. It is suggested that Marshal Qin Qiong and General Weichi Gong should put on armor on both sides of the palace gate every night to guard the palace gate. Sure enough, there was no movement that night, and Taizong and the civil and military officials of the court cheered in unison. But over time, Emperor Taizong missed Weichi Gong, two generals, who worked hard day and night, so he asked the palace painter to draw a statue of the two generals, glaring and arrogant, holding whips and clappers and hanging them on both sides of the palace gate. Since then, evil worship has completely disappeared. Later generations followed this rule, so they named the two generals as gatekeepers forever, making them the most popular, influential, prestigious, popular and loved by the rich and the poor for a long time.

Idols of Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong have the most styles in Beijing residence, sitting, standing, wearing robes, piercing armor, stepping, riding, dancing with single whip and double mace, holding golden claws, but never like holding bows and arrows. Only Wang Bodang, the descendant of Xie He, a friend of the founding father of the Tang Dynasty, can hold bows and arrows. At the end of the Zong Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the hero Xiaohe Sai Guo Sheng appeared again.

Because the door couplets and the door gods are posted on the left and right sides of the door, a pair of couplets is added around the door gods of Weichi Gong: "Once a founding general, now a town house god" to celebrate the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty and the door gods that people like to worship.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, the door gods of military commanders all over the country were different, and they were different from those of Beijing. For example, the door gods worshipped by Henan people are Zhao Yun and Ma Chao of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Hebei people worship Ma Chao and Ma Dai, while northwest Hebei worships Xue and Gaisu. Shaanxi people worship Sun Bin and Pang Juan, Taihe Yang. And stationed in Hanzhong area are mostly two idiots, Meng Liang and Jiao Zan.

Besides Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong, there are also Jie Zhen, Anta, Lv Fang and Guo Sheng in Water Margin. Because the quadrangles in Beijing are very big, the area often extends to the hutongs behind. Therefore, in Beijing's houses, there is also a kind of gatekeeper who sticks to the back door. There is only one keeper at the back door of Beijing residential building. Why? Because the back door is usually a single door. Who are you posting to? Most of them were Zhong Kui, the ghost catcher, and Wei Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. As we all know, Zhong Kui catches ghosts and gods, and it is also recorded in writing that Kevin·Z became the back door guard. In the novel The Journey to the West, it is said that after Wei Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, beheaded the old dragon king in Jinghe, the ghost of the old dragon king felt very wronged and went into the inner palace every night to beg for the life of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. Said outside the palace gate, Weichi Gong led the soldiers to guard. The ghost of the old dragon king dared not walk under Shuang Bian's double mace. He turned to the back door of the palace and smashed bricks and tiles. As Weichi Gong and I were already at the front door, the Prime Minister had to personally hold the Dragon Sword to kill the door at night. Over time, the ghost of the old dragon king gradually declined, and Wei Zhi's dragon sword was no longer held high and stood aside. Wei Zhi is a literary official in The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties. He was the first Taoist in Sanqing Temple in Erxian Village, Lucheng County, and was later regarded as a door god by the people. After that, his image was also full of heroism.

Because Beijing is an ancient city, it is the political, cultural and commercial center of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Scholars, businessmen, bureaucrats and tourists from all over the country have come to Beijing, and the door gods in their hometown have followed suit to protect their peace. So there are all kinds of door gods on the doors of houses in Beijing. Such as: Zhao Gongming, Yao Qi and Ma Wu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, heroes who resisted gold. The loveliest thing is that the door gods worshipped in Miyun area in the north of Beijing are actually husband and wife-Yang Zongbao and Mu. In short, the door gods posted in Beijing residential buildings are mostly taken from the heroes in China's classic works. These heroes, who are superb in martial arts, charitable and loyal to the country, are well known to women and children, have a wide influence and are deeply worshipped by the people.

In the traditional culture of China, door gods are a striking cultural phenomenon.

There are no gods in the world. The so-called gods are the deification of historical figures that people worship or mythical figures in ancient legends. The origin of hades is roughly the same.

In the old customs of our country, the gods first posted on the door were Zhong Kui, Shen Tu and Lei Yu. In ancient times, it was said that this god was ferocious in appearance and could suppress demons and protect his family with weapons. In the Tang Dynasty, portraits of Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong were used as door gods, and some were Marshal Wen Jing and Moon.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, people were superstitious and thought that all martial arts could ward off evil spirits, so they listed ancient military commanders as portraits of door gods. For example, Xiao He and Han Xin, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, Cheng He, Lu and jy, Lin Chong, and Qi Jiguang ... are all posted on the door opposite each other.

People generally believe in door gods. But the understanding of door gods is varied. Some say it's Zhong Kui, some say it's He, some say it's Qiong and Weichi Gong, some say it's Marshal Wen and Yue, and so on. Others simply say that the door god is the door god, just draw a warrior on the door, without a real person. In fact, we can make a concrete analysis of these various door gods according to the different times and functions, and then we can find out the specific features of door gods.

There are five sacrifices (also called seven sacrifices) in ancient sacrificial ceremonies, all of which are small gods. Its origin is primitive nature worship. Primitive worship holds that everything related to people's daily life has a god. The offerings of the five sacrifices are all useful things for people to live, go in and out, and eat, so the sacrifices are paid for chaos. This is the earliest source of the concept of door gods. Some people say that the gatekeeper is the God of Yin Qi, or that he is too young to be an inspector in the world, so as to condemn him. This is after the gatekeeper's function is socialized. This concept was popular in the Han and Jin Dynasties. Records in ancient books, such as Jade Candle Collection and Jingchu Hair Chronology, are still the legacy of this belief. In the future, the Five Sacrifices are only a part of the national ceremony, and the door gods and kitchen gods of folk beliefs are out of touch with their original forms.

Another function of ancient door gods is to exorcise ghosts and evil spirits and maintain national peace. This door god is said to have originated from the titles of Shen Tu and Lei Yu. There are various sayings, but we still call it Shencha and Lei Yu according to the customary saying. They were originally mythical figures, which were quite popular among the people in the Han Dynasty, and they were thought to have the magical power to grasp bravery. Because it is usually under peach trees, on New Year's Eve, people will hang people, reed ropes (Er Shen tied them with ghosts), and draw the images of Er Shen and tiger (Er Shen eats tigers with ghosts) on the door to ward off evil spirits.

After this custom, it became a hanging symbol, which was used to exorcise evil spirits and guard the door. From the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually handed over to Zhong Kui and the samurai keeper. However, the court and aristocratic families followed the custom of hanging statues of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on New Year's Eve until the Qing Dynasty. On the portraits of folk warriors, the names of Tea God and Lei Yu are often marked. In a few places, people don't even put up portraits of pop door gods, but write the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the doors, which shows the far-reaching influence of traditional concepts.

The story of Zhong Kui catching ghosts is very famous among the people in China. China folk have their own customs, hanging supernatural things in the portal to intimidate demons and exorcise evil spirits. Shen Tu and Lei Yu are regarded as door gods because they can catch ghosts and feed tigers. This is an example. Another example is Meng Qian Bi Tan, Volume 25: "There are no crabs in Guanzhong. In Yuanfeng, when I heard about Qinchuan people in Shaanxi, I got 1000 crabs. Scholars decorate their shapes and think they are monsters. Abusers often make them suffer by hanging doors with them. Not only people don't know, but ghosts don't know. "

This shows the ancient people's psychology of creating gods. It wasn't until Zhong Kui, a vicious and eccentric man in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, that the matter of chopping and eating imps came out and quickly spread widely among the people. Soon, people drew his portrait and put it on the door and wall. Replace Shen Tu and Lei Yu. Ming Ling Han Zhi's "Illustration of Zhong Kui": "Finally, Nanshi rose, wearing blue robe boots and bare toes. Holding a hard yellow paper in your hand, if you say that God gave you a gift. ..... refers to the gatekeeper tea and base, and the fox Kyubi no Youko puts it. "

The predecessors have done detailed textual research on the origin of Zhong Kui. China once called the wooden stick Zhong Kui in ancient times. When the ancients held a big Nuo ceremony to drive away epidemic ghosts, they always waved Zhong Kui. Over time, it has become a symbol of exorcism, so in people's minds, it has the magical power of exorcism. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhong Kui (the same final sound) was often used as the name and character. For example, Yao Xuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, whose real name was Zhong Kui, was used to ward off evil spirits. Kwai is also homophonic. Literati in the Tang Dynasty had the habit of writing game articles, so a fictional story of Zhong Kui appeared (this story can be found in the History of Tang Yi and Bubitan). Although the story is fiction, taking Zhong Kui's younger brother in the early Tang Dynasty as an example, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty caught ghosts in the Kaiyuan dream. However, the popularity of Zhong Kui's ghost-catching plan was really in Xuanzong's world, and it was said that Wu Daozi did it. Since then, this story has spread like wildfire, from the court to the people. Taoism, also known as the judge of exorcism, said that it and Zhang, one of them, were transformed from black and white bats at the beginning of chaos. Since the late Tang Dynasty, there have been more and more cases of hanging bells and statues on doors on New Year's Eve. However, in modern times, some places changed it to the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, and it was often hung in the hall, and the door gods often used portraits of warriors.

Door gods paint warriors, or from novelists. However, according to Hanshu, there was a practice of painting samurai at the temple gate in the Western Han Dynasty, but it is uncertain whether its function is equivalent to the door god. However, murals and door paintings in the Han Dynasty often have both decorative, deified and superstitious significance. In Song Dynasty, except Shen Tu, Lei Yu and Zhong Kui, samurai were often painted as door gods. For example, in The Little Compass in the Maple Window, it is said that before Song Jingkang, the gatekeeper in the border also followed suit and wore a tiger helmet. "Bing Tuilu" also said that on New Year's Eve, two generals, Zhenkang, went into battle in armor. Jane Yizhi is similar to this. However, the male elephant warrior painted at that time was not based on human beings. After Yuan and Ming Dynasties, General Qin and General Wei Chi, Marshal Wen and Marshal Yue appeared.

Among the samurai door gods, Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong are the two most popular celebrities in modern times. The story about them acting as door gods first appeared in The Journey to the West. But many things in The Journey to the West come from scripts and folklore in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. In other words, Wei Zhengmeng's "The Old Dragon King of Jinghe River" and the "Yongle Dadian" in the early Ming Dynasty were all described similarly.

Therefore, we speculate that the folk belief forms of Qin and Wei Chi as door gods should be earlier than that of Ming Dynasty. Most of the modern portraits of the door gods are these two generals. There are seven years in The Three Religions Exploring the Gods: The door gods are two generals in the Tang Dynasty, Qin He. It is said that Emperor Taizong was unprepared, throwing bricks and tiles outside the bedroom door and screaming ghosts. The nights in the 36th Palace and the 72nd Courtyard were not quiet. Taizong was afraid and told the ministers. Qin went out of work and said, "I have killed people like melons and accumulated corpses like ants all my life. Why should I be afraid of them? " I would like to stand in the door with Jingdezhen. "Taizong can play it, and there is no surprise at night. Emperor Taizong Jiaji said that the two stayed up all night, and the magistrate ordered the painter to draw the images of the two, all dressed up, holding Yu Fu in their hands and practicing bows and arrows with belts and whips. As usual, he was very angry, wandering around the palace, and evil worshiped him. Future generations follow, and they will always be door gods.

In some places, door gods worship Wen and Moon God. This belief is mainly popular in Suzhou. Yue refers to Yue Fei and Wen, and some people say it's Jin Wengong Joe. Some people say that there is a general Wen in Dongyue, also called Marshal Wen. I don't know which one will prevail.

Qinglong White Tiger God is also a special door god, dedicated to temples, Taoist temples and mountain gates. Taoist temple originally said that dragons and white tigers were patrons.

These so-called door gods are all important figures in novels such as Sun Chong's Romance, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Talking about the Tang Dynasty, The Outlaws of the Marsh and The Romance of the Gods. Therefore, it is admired by the people. From this, we can also see the psychological influence of the novel on the people. Many gods that China believed in were created by novels.

With the development of society and the change of ideology, people's requirements for door gods are not only to ward off evil spirits and avoid disasters, but also to get fame and fortune from them. At the latest in the Ming Dynasty, the statue of Samurai Gate was often painted with "Jue, deer, bat, hi, treasure, horse, bottle and saddle, all of which have good names to welcome auspicious places". Later, the obligation of exorcism was abolished, and the door god was dedicated to blessing. Thus, the folk customs of heavenly officials, champions, lucky stars and the god of wealth were formed.

After liberation, people's scientific consciousness was enhanced and their superstitious consciousness was weak. In some places, portraits of Liu Hulan and Zhao Yiman, Dong Cunrui and Huang Jiguang, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, fighting heroes and national heroes during the War of Liberation and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea are posted on the gates on holidays. In this way, the door god is not a door god, but has evolved into a door painting.

Now the content of door painting is more extensive. For example, draw a picture of longevity, a picture of Harvest figure, a picture of the prosperity of six animals, a picture of workers and peasants, a picture of children's joy, a picture of rockets flying, a picture of ten horses prancing, a picture of supporting the government and loving the people, a picture of military and civilian parties, etc.

Now, during the Spring Festival, there are still many statues of Shen Tu, Lei Yu, Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong gates and portraits of military commanders in past dynasties posted at Hu Min's gate, but compared with ancient times, their meanings are completely different. The ancient statues of door gods were posted to pray for peace in order to worship God, Buddha and happiness. Today's door image expresses the yearning and pursuit of peace and happiness.

The first goalkeeper made of military commanders was printed directly on the door. It was in the Western Han Dynasty that a prince was ill and wanted to get better soon. He ordered a statue of a soldier to be painted on the door of the temple. The warrior's name is Cheng qin. It means that a samurai's prestige can drive away diseases, but the people don't know him, so the people choose and determine their guardians from well-known ancient myths-two warriors trusted by the Yellow Emperor and merciless to the devil. Their elder brother is Shen Tu and their younger brother is Lei Yu. Shen Tu painted on the left door leaf and Lei Yu painted on the right door leaf. They are wearing armor and carrying brass cymbals.