jingzhou flower drum opera

An Introduction to Ancient Paintings and Opera edited by Hu ā g ǔ?ㄨㄚㄡㄨˇㄒㄧˋ.

Local operas are popular in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces. Accompanied by flower drums. Zhou Libo's Great Changes in Mountain Villages Part III: "The people at the meeting haven't arrived yet. The men and women who came first scattered in each room to play poker, read picture books, play pipa and sing Huagu opera. " Ancient painting opera history Ancient painting opera originated from folk songs and gradually developed into the main form of ancient painting opera, which used to be ugly. Liuyang County Records, published in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 18), talked about the situation of playing dragon lanterns in the local Lantern Festival, saying: "Boys play ugly plays and sing golden drums from the 10th day to the end of the night". It shows that an ugly flower drum play, Dihuagu, was once sung, which was formed at the latest in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. According to the Yuan Tan Diary (1862) written by Yang Enshou in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the "Flower Drum Ci" that Yang Enshou saw in Yongxing, Hunan Province (that is, Flower Drum Opera) had four roles: scholar, bookworm and Claudia's daughter-in-law. The plot and performance were vivid, indicating that the Flower Drum Opera at this time had not only developed into "three times" (Xiao Dan started from the voice and repertoire. Later, with the introduction of "Gong tune" and "Chuan tune", folk legendary dramas with strong stories gradually appeared. The main repertoires are Qingfeng Pavilion, Lulin Club, Eight Hundred Li Dongting and Xue Mei Jiaozi. The main repertoires of Sichuan Opera include Liu Hai Xi Toad, Whip Reed Flower, Zhang Guang's Big Hand, and Driving Children on the Road. In this way, a relatively complete local opera was formed.

In the early days of ancient paintings and operas, only semi-professional class clubs performed seasonal performances in rural areas, and they engaged in art after busy farming. Since Guangxu, this class club has developed rapidly. There are dozens of "suitcases" in Ningxiang and Hengyang counties alone, with nearly 200 artists. Actors are trained with teachers, and some are taught by apprentices, which are called "teaching fields" or "lecture halls". Each stage lasts for dozens of days, and three or four plays are taught. In the past, because ancient paintings and operas were often discriminated against and banned, all local troupes with ancient paintings and operas were called "semi-theatrical troupe" or "semi-theatrical and semi-tonal" and "yin and yang troupe" under the guise of performing local popular dramas. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), professional troupes were set up in various places to perform in city theaters. According to 198 1 statistics, there are 54 ancient painting troupes in the province, and Hunan Ancient Painting Opera House has been established. 1957, Hunan Opera School was established and merged with Ancient Painting and Opera Academy. Traditional Plays There are more than 400 traditional plays of ancient paintings and operas all over the country, which mainly reflect folk life, and most of them are about productive labor, love between men and women or family conflicts, with vivid language and strong local flavor. After 1949, the art of ancient paintings and operas has developed greatly, not only sorting out traditional operas such as Liu Hai chopping firewood and shooting birds, but also creating many modern operas such as Double Food Delivery, Busy Sister-in-law and Sanliwan. Playing Gong, Pouring Pots, On the Way to Delivery and Yeyadao have all been made into movies. There are more than 300 kinds of music tunes in ancient Chinese paintings and operas, which are mainly Qupai, supplemented by plate changes. According to the difference of tune structure, music style and expression, it can be divided into four categories: Sichuan tune. Or Gong Zheng tune, that is, Heizi tune, with drums and suona. Tune is composed of aria and aria, and its mode and melody are changeable, which is the main aria of ancient painting and opera. Knock gong. Also known as Gong Diao, Qupai combination structure, the combination of "Diao" and "Liu" (several boards) is like a high-pitched tune, which is one of the main vocals of Changsha, Yueyang and Changde operas.

Brands, including Zou Pai and Gong and Drum Pai, originated from southern Hunan folk songs, with small suona and gongs and drums. They are lively and light, suitable for song and dance dramas and are one of the main vocals of various schools in southern Hunan. Minor. There are folk songs and strings. Although the latter belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been localized. All kinds of tunes are rough and hearty. The performance art of performing traditional Chinese operas featuring ancient paintings is simple, bright and lively, and the performances of clowns, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng are still the most distinctive. Clowns are exaggerated and funny, Xiao Dan is cheerful and provocative, and Xiao Sheng is free and easy. He has rich footwork and figure, and is good at using fans and towels. He has various programs to show rural life, such as boating, carrying loads, smashing and looting, chopping wood, striking while the iron is hot, grinding bean curd, touching loach, flying kites, catching butterflies and so on. In the later period, due to the development of the repertoire, the performing arts were also enriched, such as absorbing some carpet skills and processing skills of the brothers' play and enriching the martial arts performance. The business division of ancient paintings and operas has also become more detailed, not only from the "three small" to longevity, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness, but also in the "three small". Take the ancient painting drama in Changsha as an example, clowns can be divided into three types: wrinkled ugliness, short ugliness, official ugliness, rotten ugliness and milk ugliness. Xiao Dan is divided into Zheng Dan, Erdan, Hua Dan and boudoir. Xiao Sheng is divided into four categories: Zheng Xiaosheng, Romantic Xiao Sheng, No Potential Xiaosheng, Rag Xiao Sheng, Ruer, etc. In the long-term artistic practice, some famous actors have appeared in various places, such as He Dongbao (ugly) in Changsha, Liao Chunshan (Dan) in Xiangtan, Zhang Shusheng (born) in Taoyuan, Yang Bocheng (ugly) in Yueyang and Zhang (young) in Hengyang. Ancient painting opera is the general name of ancient painting opera, tea picking opera, lantern opera and Yangliuqiu opera in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Guangdong. The main tunes come from folk tunes, such as coloratura, gong, chuan, kouzi and bobbin. There are more than 400 ancient painting dramas in Hunan, and there are 36 big ones and 72 small ones in Hubei, which mostly reflect people's labor, love between men and women and family conflicts, such as Hunting Birds, Pan Hua, Xue Meijiao, Whipping Reed Flowers, Embroidering a Pocket, Catching Children on the Road, and Chopping firewood with Liu Hai. There are also some dramas featuring Yu Laosi and Zhang Dehe, which all reflect local customs and have a strong local flavor. Therefore, ancient paintings and operas are closely related to the lives of local people. In addition, due to different languages, different teachers and schools, each region's ancient painting opera has its own style and characteristics, so the types of ancient painting opera are also diverse.

Let's take a look at how many kinds of ancient paintings are divided by region.

Hubei has East Road ancient paintings, Huang Xiao ancient paintings, Tian Yan ancient paintings, Xiangyang ancient paintings, Yuan 'an ancient paintings, Yangxin ancient paintings, Huangmei tea picking, Liang Shantiao, Yunyang Flower Drum, Suixian Flower Drum, Wenquxi, Violin Opera, Yangliuqiu, Enshi Lantern Opera and Badong Tang Opera; Hunan has Changsha Flower Drum, Changde Flower Drum, Yueyang Flower Drum, Hengyang Flower Drum, Shaoyang Flower Drum, Lingling Flower Drum, Qiyang Flower Drum Lamp, Fengyang Flower Drum, Lechang Flower Drum, Huaibei Flower Drum, Shangluo Flower Drum and Anhui Southern Flower Drum. According to the statistics of 198 1, there are 54 ancient painting troupes in Hunan province and 5 ancient painting troupes in Tianmian district of Hubei province. Not only are there many troupes and famous actors, but there are also scenes of "three miles and five stops" and vivid scenes of singing on stage and harmony under the stage in many places.