Cultural relics of yi county ancient city

The horizontal ditch string is named after the horizontal ditch. In the sixth year of Liang Pingtong (525), Hu Mingxing, a native of Henggang, yi county, who lived in Taichangqing, resigned and retired to his hometown and settled in Huanggushu, Henggang. He saw that there were many barren lands in the suburbs (now outside the national gate) and asked why. The farmer said that the ditch was impassable, so it was caused by lack of water. The star was deeply saddened and apologized. So, I personally explored the water source, and with the help of my son Hu (then governor of Hangzhou), I raised funds to dig canals. In the first year of Middle China (529), at the intersection of Shuangxi River in the northern suburb of the county, Baishan (also known as Liudu) was built, and Huai Canal, also known as Huai Canal, was dug. "The north of the city draws a stream, meanders south, irrigates people's fields for more than a thousand hectares, and there is autumn every year." This canal is about 2500 meters long and 2 meters wide, which was the largest water conservancy project in Yixian at that time. In the twenty-fifth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1556), Zhou Shunyue, the magistrate of Yixian County, built a water conservancy project in the northern suburb, built dikes to prevent the Zhanghe River from flooding, further treated the long canals dug by Hu Mingxing, raised the Baishan Dam to prevent more water from entering the city, and irrigated the larger paddy fields of Huanggushu in Henggang through horizontal ditches.

Henggou leads Zhangshui from Baishan, the northern suburb of the county seat, passes through eight pieces and enters the city through Linzhangmen (the north gate of the county seat). From north to south, along the north street, straight through the north street mouth, through Guilin Chengjia, Xingdun Hujia, Guilin Chengjia, out of the city from the country, along the ancient post road of Yuting, to Henggang Village. Among them, Henggou flows through a section more than 500 meters below the city wall of the county gate (also known as Yinaimen). Since the Ming dynasty, residential areas have gradually formed, and people call the area on both sides of Henggou "Henggou County".

After the founding of New China, the social and economic development has been rapid, the county has been expanding, and the residential areas in Henggou County have also been affected to varying degrees. In 1950s, the Wang Xia Hall (Jiqing Hall) in Guomen Street was demolished and the People's Theatre was built. The backyard of the theater extends to Henggou, which is the first time that the Henggou series area is divided into two parts. Then, the ancestral hall was transformed into a political classroom, a grain depot in Chengguan, a bamboo club, a shoe factory and a post office. Later, a new Red Flag Health Center was built on Xingdun, a farmer's market was built on the other side of the People's Theater, and a "Yishan Cinema" was erected on Guidun. Until 2002, the old buildings around the former People's Theatre were demolished, and new commercial buildings, agricultural and sideline products markets and streets and roads were built. At this point, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the pattern of residential areas in Henggou County has been completely changed, leaving only dozens of ancient houses in the Ming and Qing Dynasties divided into several sporadic pieces by many new buildings and new streets. Due to the increase of population in the county, Henggou is completely covered with domestic sewage, thus losing the characteristics of clear water, small fish swimming, young women washing and children playing.

Today's Henggou is far less poetic than yesterday's, and today's Henggou string is gradually losing its touching folk customs. Only from the few remaining deep alleys, ancient wells and ancient gatehouses can we vaguely find historical details worth remembering. In Henggou County, there are two ancestral temples of Chengjia in Guilin. One is "Guilin Hall", which is the general ancestral hall of the Cheng family in Guilin, Yunnan. The ancestral hall is located several steps above the intersection of North Street and Zhi Street, that is, above the mouth of North Street. There is a wooden fence gatehouse in front of the temple, and the tall gatehouse is facing the straight street, commonly known as "Chengjiamen Downstairs". After the gatehouse aisle, you come to the ancestral hall. The ancestral hall faces the Huai canal, and the gate is a bucket arch with upturned eaves. The left and right sides of the main entrance are separated by a pair of relief stone drums, which adds to the majestic momentum of Guilin Guild Hall. The ancestral temple is divided into two parts, which have been demolished and built into Zhijie Post Building. The second is the "Xulun Hall" (also known as Xiacheng Hall): this is the general shrine of the Shicheng family in Guilin. The gatehouse faces the Huai area. After the entrance building, you have to go through a small courtyard to reach the main temple. Huai Qu passed through the small courtyard and flowed in front of the ancestral hall, forming a unique style of the ancestral hall. The temple is divided into two parts, and there is a pair of stone drums in front of it. Later, it was converted into Yixian Chengguan Grain Station and its dormitory. Now it has been demolished and become a part of Xinjie Area B. ..

The Cheng family in Guilin can be divided into "upward journey" and "downward journey". "Uptown" refers to the surname Cheng who lives in "Guidunli"; "Downtown" refers to the family name of Cheng whose living center is the following city. For more than 700 years, two generations of Hu Cheng lived on both sides of Huaihe River, which made the residential area of Henggou County expand day by day. The residential construction of Guidun Licheng is adjacent to Pan Lin Street in the west and Lianhua Core Road in the south. The house building of the Hu family in Xingdunli has already faced the east towards Guomen Street, and two Hu ancestral temples have been built side by side on Guomen Street (that is, the county bamboo society and the county shoe factory have been developed into residential buildings).

One of Hu's ancestral temples is called "Jingyitang" (later called County Bamboo Club), which was built in the orthodox period of Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yanben and Hu's father and son set up warehouses to help the poor. After six years of orthodoxy (144 1), Jing was righteous. Because of the establishment of his church, he also set up a soup plaque. At that time, Hu, the magistrate of a county, wrote "The Story of Jingyitang": "The orthodox year ... was dry and hungry. Citizen Hu Yanben generously donated 1200 stones to help 1430 villagers. Give it to me, give me an envoy award, and tell me to use goat wine as a righteous man. " "On the day of life, don't be a teacher, buy books on it and ask your name. In the words of Jing Yi, it is to give it a name and be proud of it. " Yixian county has a street name, which is also a city and a township. This is Martin Street.

Matian Street is located outside the North Gate Bridge of the county seat, on the east bank of Zhangshui. This is an old street about a mile long and three meters wide. Although the catering and hotel industry on this street was quite developed from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was named after ramie was planted in the fields on both sides of the street. According to some old residents, there were many ramie temples around Matian Street until the 1950s and 1960s after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Matian Street is an irregular "ㄅ"-shaped Street. The whole street is paved with granite slats. The Yixian dialect is called Mashi. Smooth and flat street, with brick and wood storefronts on both sides, the scale and color are properly integrated, giving off an antique mountain city atmosphere. The building plane of Matian Street is mostly single-door and two-story structure. The width of the facade varies from three to five meters, and the entrance is deeper or even more continuous, which is connected by the patio of the inner courtyard. It is a typical front store, back warehouse or back door of the front store. The first floor is mostly for commercial use, protected by traditional upright door panels, which are removed one by one during the day and the door opening is wide open; Wear it at night, flat as one. Some storefronts have bright windows more than half a person's height, which is convenient for doing business or displaying goods. The second floor and the first floor are separated by something called "pavilion bridge board" in Yixian dialect, and the street is also decorated with wooden boards.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the famous shops in Matian Street were: Ji Sun Pork Shop, Wang Jin 'an Grocery Store, Huang Ji Barber Shop and Wang Ji Tailor Shop; "Yongfeng Stack" is also doing business in mountain products; There are also Catholic hospitals, which are indirect commercial activities; There is also a tofu shop like Wuji, which specializes in the "stinky tofu" business in Yixian dialect. Of course, restaurants and mule shops are the most popular. During the Republic of China, there were more than 20 before and after its heyday. During this period, there were three most famous shops in Martin Street: one was Shi Jiao Umbrella Store, the other was Fucheng Restaurant, and the other was Yongfeng Store.

Matian Street was originally inhabited by Jiangren people, including Jiangci Temple, Guang 'an Temple, Changsheng Bridge, Catholic Church, etc., and was successively converted into a grain depot and a printing house. During the ten-year turmoil, Matian Street was renamed as "Sixinjie" and soon resumed its original name. Matian Street is not only commercially developed, but also has many scenic spots. Walking in Miao town and asking about the highest place, most people will naturally talk about the county ridge. Even if today's Midtown Villa occupies the position of Dongyue Mountain, walk along the back beam of the county seat. If you walk along the doorplate, you will feel that the back beam of the county seat is so vast, but the back beam of the county seat in history is far less occupied than it is today.

Historically, Xianbeiling is a long alley, about 200 meters north, called Xuetan Temple. Compared with today's position, this is a small area, just an alley. As for why it is called "Xianbeiling", it is generally said to be close to the county government, above the yamen, that is, behind it, and it is a relatively high place in the past, just like the county government lying on the back chair with a slope, so the name "Xianbeiling" was gradually called. The old city of Yixian County is slightly oval, and the straight street is located in the middle of the city, passing through the city from east to west. Before liberation, Zhijie started from Kannonji in the east, connected with Xia Dong Street and Guomen Street in the north and south, and Zhanghe River was just outside the city. Straight street goes west from here, passes the stairs at the mouth of North Street, crosses Gulou Ridge to the entrance of the county seat, meets South Street and Xianbeiling, which is the west end of straight street, and then passes through the alley to the city wall. Dongyue Mountain is just outside the city. Straight street is about 700 meters long and 5 meters wide. It is paved with light blue granite slabs, just like an elegant belt tied around the waist of the city.

Zhijie is the western section of the North Street. Except for a few houses and shops, most of them are tall buildings such as county halls, experimental sheds, drum towers and ancestral halls. Especially the county government, the eight-character gatehouse, facing south, is tall and majestic, and has great momentum. In the old society, it was a symbol of the feudal regime at the county level.

Wu Dianhua, a magistrate of a county in the 13th year of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, built a test shed near the county government of Zhijie, which used to test the boy. At the entrance of the experimental shed, there are two cypress trees, lush and green, standing in front of the street. After the Republic of China 16 (1927), the Yixian Party Department of the Kuomintang was built here, which became a place where some politicians intrigued, profited and harmed the people. Zhijie originally had two archways, one on the right side of the county gate, which was the Yushifang; First, on the left side of the entrance of the experimental shed, it was built for Zhang, all carved with granite, and it was magnificent. The study shed is about ten meters east. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, there was a watchtower with bells and drums, commonly known as the Drum Tower. After the destruction, in the seventeenth year of Jiajing, the left wing of the magistrate's county was rebuilt, and there was a plaque saying "Ming Garden", so the old place was the highest place in the city, which meant to climb high and look far. There are cave coupons downstairs across the street, and there are long stone benches for people to rest. People call it "Drum Tower Cave". During the Republic of China, there used to be a public education department in the Drum Tower, and newspapers and periodicals were prepared for people to read. Readers climb the building and look far away, the mountains are near the water, and the pedestrians downstairs are in an endless stream, one after another, which is not interesting. Passing through Gulou Cave is Gulou Ridge, and going down the stone steps step by step is the entrance of North Street.

From Beijiekou to Kannonji, it is the eastern section of Zhi Zhi Street, with gentle terrain and various shops and workshops. There are two restaurants here, one is Ronghua, which is rich in food and the guests are mostly officials and businessmen. Another "Fangxinghe Dim Sum Shop" only sells wonton, steamed bread and big cakes, and its customers are mostly ordinary people and laborers who carry the burden of sedan chairs, and the business is not bad. It can be said that business is booming and customers are different. Different styles and good management. There is also a "Cheng Sanyuan Brush Shop", which is quite interesting. At the eastern end of the straight street is the octagonal pavilion Kannonji. The octagonal pavilion was built by riding the street and named after the octagonal corner. Yixian ancient city, whose northern end is Linzhangmen, is named after its northern Linzhangshui, commonly known as the North Gate. Entering the city from the north gate, there is a long street (North Street) that goes straight to the city center and ends at the intersection with Zhi Street, commonly known as North Street. After crossing the North Street, there is a horizontal ditch, which is called a horizontal ditch string and goes straight to the Watergate on the right side of the south gate of the city. Therefore, North Street is the northern section of the central axis of the city and the commercial center of the city. The whole North Street can be divided into three sections, and the northern section from Beimenkou to Feijia Nongkou is called Beimenkou. The middle section, from the entrance to the intersection with East Street and West Street, is generally called the street center at its own expense; The southern section from the street center to the north street mouth is called the Lijie section.

The North Street is about 65,438+000m m long and 6m wide, all paved with light blue granite slabs, and there are many shops on both sides. Shops are generally two-story Huizhou brick and wood structures, facing each other. Since ancient times, how many hong merchants have been sitting here, paying wisdom and hardship for the circulation of social goods! Most of these people were unknown in feudal society, which valued agriculture more than commerce. It was not until modern times, especially after the early years of the Republic of China, that their names and store numbers went down in history and remained in people's memory.

As far as all walks of life in Miancheng North Street are concerned, there are many south goods stores, among which the two leading ones are Deji opened by Miancheng Wang Lianbao in the north gate and Yuanfeng opened by Hengdian Wang Tiankai in the north gate. North and south groceries in their shop is indispensable to people's daily life. It is not only large in scale and prosperous in business, but also has a profound cultural meaning. In the ancient county of yi county, there are only a handful of streets in the name of "street", and West Street is one of them. West Street, as its name implies, is named after its location. It is located in the west corner of Miancheng, and Hedong Street is a pair of twin brothers. The two streets extend west and east respectively with North Street as the symmetry axis.

It is impossible to test when the West Street will be named. In the past, the West Street was not long, about 300 meters long, and it was paved with long granite slabs. It is said that the end of West Street is the west gate of the old county. To the south of West Street is a connected house, where the most popular surname Yu lives. It seems to be empty to the north. There are no shops, no traffic noise, and it seems a little quiet and cold. The lonely and remote West Street, silently reading the vicissitudes of life, witnessed the rise and fall of history and social development.

Now there are houses on both sides of West Street, all the way west to the foothills of Dongyue Mountain. This block is collectively called West Street Administrative Village. There are 73 alleys in the county, criss-crossing, with different widths, and their names change with the times. The wide lane is only 1 m, and the narrow lane only allows two people to pass sideways. Cars and horses are hard to walk, so we have to walk. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the county lanes remained basically the same. Later, due to the county construction and street widening, the number of lanes gradually decreased. 1983, Yixian Geographical Names Office renamed some urban lanes. Later, there were names, but there was no uniform standard. The Cultural Revolution was chaotic and changed in recent years.

Daquannong: East bank of Zhanghe River. From the warehouse of the former county food company to Matian Street, it is about 50 meters long and 1 meter wide, with gravel pavement.

Liu Xin Lane: East of North Street. The original Liuxin Gongci in the lane used to be the former site of Yuwen Primary School, with a length of about 150m and a width of about 1m, and it is a gravel pavement.

Feijianong: the east side of the middle section of North Street. In the past, most residents were surnamed Fei, and the location of Feijia Lane is in the direction of the North Gate Bridge of Xinhua Bookstore today, about 20 meters, a deep lane on the right. Walking into the lane, you can see the words "Feijia Lane", which is about 100 m long and 1 m wide, and the pavement is stone. In Feijiaxiang, there is also a Feijia ancestral temple, which is an ancient temple with two floors and three floors. Because it was built in the Ming Dynasty, it doesn't look like the octagonal gatehouse in the Qing Dynasty. Because of its remote location, it has been well preserved until today. The whole flying frame is cruciform. This is where the cross is made. At the center of the cross is a well, which is said to have been built at the same time as the horizontal ditch string. It has a very long history. It is said that there used to be a family named Fei in Feijiaxiang, but there was still a population before the Qing Dynasty, and there was probably no one at the end of the Ming Dynasty. It should be said that it was gradually assimilated by the local surname, but the original name has not changed and has been retained.

Li Mingxian: South of Xijiekou. There is an alley called "Li Mingxian" on the south side of Xijiekou. From the south side of West Street to the north side of Zhijie Street, a brick archway with the word "Shixian" written on it is used at the entrance of the lane, and Yu's residence is in the lane. It is about 350 meters long and 1-2 meters wide, with some stone pavements. However, the origin of this lane name cannot be verified.

Shujianong: the east side of the middle section of North Street. The lane is well-known, with a length of about 200 meters and a width of 1 meter, with a stone pavement.

Wang Jianong: East of the middle section of North Street. The original gatehouse is located in the hutong, with the ancestral hall of the Wang family, which is the residence of the Wang family, also known as the "Wangjiamen Building". It is 250 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, with a stone pavement.

Tour Lane: On both sides of North Street in the county. It is bordered by North Street in the east and straight street in the south. The road is tortuous, with a length of about 100 m and a width of 1 m..

Hujianong: On the east side of the middle section of Henggou string, most ancient residents were named after Hu. The length is about 100 m and the width is about 1 m, and the pavement is made of stone.

Chengcheng Lane: the east side of the lower segment of Henggou chord. It starts from Lian Heng Gouxian in the west and ends at Guomen Street in the east. It is about 100 m long and about 1 m wide.

Shiban Lane: On the east side of Guomen Street, the east end is connected with Yanhe West Road, which is named after the blue slate paved in the lane. It is about 40m long and 1 m wide.

Pailou Lane: East of Guomen Street. The eastern end is connected with Yanhe West Road, and the western end of the lane is named after the original stone archway. It is about 30m long and 1 m wide.

Jinjiaxiang: the back section of Guomen Street. Yanjiang West Road East Street, starting from the back corner of Guomen in the west, is about 50 meters long and 1 meter wide, with pebble pavement.

Yao Jia Lane: Yao Jia Lane is a hutong 10 to 20 meters long from the intersection of Chengxi Street and Guomen Street in Yixian County to the east gate wall. Yao Jia Lane is named because it leads to Yaojia Courtyard. The Yao family is also one of the most popular names in Miancheng. The original grand Yao ancestral hall at the lower end of West Street was converted into Biyang Police Station after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Yao Family Courtyard was built by Yao Lishan in the late Qing Dynasty. The Yao Family Courtyard is adjacent to the county wall. After liberation, the wall was demolished and expanded into the present Yanhe West Road. The Neolithic site is located in Nanguling County. In recent years, the Neolithic arrow cluster and fragments of primitive gray pottery and red pottery have been excavated here many times.

The site of Guangde in the Western Han Dynasty is located in the east ancient city of the county seat. Although the ancient buildings more than 1000 years ago have collapsed and disappeared from the ground, in recent years, cultural relics workers have discovered the ruins of the original city wall here and excavated some valuable cultural relics.