Detailed data collection of Tianning Temple (Tianning Temple, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province)

Tianning Temple in Changzhou was built in the period of Zhenguan and Yonghui in Tang Dynasty, that is, 627-655 AD. It is one of the key Buddhist temples in China, a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, and is known as the first jungle in Southeast China. Together with Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Gaoyun Temple in Yangzhou and Tiantong Temple in Ningbo, it is also called the four jungles of Zen in China.

Chinese name: Tianning Temple mbth: Tianning Temple Location:No. Luohan Road 1, Tianning District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Climate Type: Subtropical monsoon climate area is about 1 10 mu Opening hours: 08: 30 a.m.-afternoon 17:00 scenic spot level: AA. AA-level ticket price: 80.00 yuan (including Tianning Temple and Tianning Tower) Famous attractions: China First Buddha Pagoda, Ursa Hall, Pu Xian Hall, etc. Suitable for all seasons. Country: China City: Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Recommended tour duration: 2-3 hours before departure, required reading, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, scenic spot photos, main scenic spots, food features, traffic information, astronomical instruments, festivals, honors, related activities, the main scenic spot Tianning Tower was completed in April 2002 and opened on April 30, 2007. With a total construction area of 27,000 square meters, the tower height 13 floor 153.79 meters is the highest among more than 4,000 pagodas in China. From the underground palace to the bell tower on the top floor, the whole pagoda takes Buddhist culture as the main line, and uses manual arts such as Dongyang woodcarving, Yangzhou lacquerware, Changzhou disorderly needle embroidery and Hui 'an stone carving as the means of expression, which skillfully interprets many teachings of Mahayana Buddhism. The completion of the stupa echoes the Yungang Buddha in the north, the Longmen Buddha in the Central Plains, the Leshan Buddha in the west, the Lingshan Buddha in the east and the Tiantan Buddha in Hong Kong in the south, becoming the Buddha's heart of the Five Buddhas. Tianning Pagoda adopts the style of Tang and Song Pagoda in appearance: octagonal cornices, dignified shape, simple and rough, magnificent momentum; The decoration of the tower also attacked the architectural style of the Tang and Song Dynasties along Tianning Temple: luxurious but not complicated, concise and atmospheric. Although there is no beauty of carving beams and painting buildings, it has an antique charm and a solemn atmosphere. Since the foundation stone was laid in April 2002, Tianning Tower has used 6500 tons of steel to support the tower skeleton. The steel structure of the pagoda was capped at the end of 2003. After precise measurement, the verticality error between the top and bottom of the pagoda is less than 65438 0 cm. This precision won the first prize for Tianning Tower: the gold medal awarded by the National Steel Structure Association in 2004. The pillars, railings, ceilings, stairs, handrails and thresholds of Tianning Tower are all made of nanmu, and the consumption reaches 5000 cubic meters. These nanmu trees come from the deep forests of Myanmar and Papua New Guinea. They are all raw materials, with a diameter of 1 m and a length of 9 meters and 6 meters respectively. Among them, there are 60 to 72 nanmu columns on each floor, with a total of 13 floors 1000, that is, wood 1000 cubic meters. The annex building on the first floor, with cornices extending more than 8 meters outside the tower, is all nanmu. Only on this floor, the wood of nanmu has 1300 cubic meters. Among the1000t bronze ornaments carried by Tianning Tower, the most striking one is the King Kong throne pagoda at the top of the tower. This pagoda gate is composed of lotus platform, elephant wheel, drum seat and flame plate. , made of 75 tons of brass. Considering the difficulty of installation, the whole tower gate was cast into five sections and then nested one by one. The excellent technology of casting and splicing makes the whole tower gate seamless. The eaves of the pagoda are covered with 50,000 bronze inscription tiles, and the bottom is a strip-shaped bronze bottom tile. The inscriptions on ceramic tiles are inspired by the inscriptions on ancient bronzes. This innovative design won the national patent of bronze inscription tile. In addition, the rafters on the roof, the watchboard and the arches on the eaves are all decorated with copper, and the arches that are no longer load-bearing are covered with copper bags, while the shape and size of the bucket arches completely conform to the ancient building rules. Among the existing Tallinns in China, the most famous is the Tallinn in Shaolin Temple. The newly-built Tianning Pagoda will be surrounded by 1000 jade pagodas and pagodas carved with white marble on the 6-story wall at the bottom of the pagoda, forming a grand gathering with Tianning Pagoda. Each pagoda is 65cm high and its base is 1.75m high. It is made of "Oriental White" jade from Ya 'an, Sichuan, and carefully carved by folk artists from Hui 'an, Fujian and Quyang, Hebei, two famous carving towns in China. Among the 65,438+0,000 jade pagodas, 65,438+0,000 jade side plates converge into a Buddhist forest. The scriptures in the forest will be written by 500 eminent monks at home and abroad. So far, more than 200 scriptures written by eminent monks have been collected. On the clock floor at the top of pagoda 13, a clock weighing 15 tons is hung. It takes several people to surround the clock. The wall of the clock is as thick as a blue brick, and the pillars that ring the clock are thicker than the bowl. It takes several people to work together. The bell is far away, and the gospel spreads widely. Although this big clock is not the largest, its hanging height of 1 18 meters is enough to make it the tallest clock. "Senior High School First" and the eight characters inscribed by the abbot of Songcun in Tianning Temple are located on the north and south walls respectively. The other six walls are a complete volume of the Diamond Sutra, with 8,000 characters eight centimeters square, carved on the Millennium camphor wood, vigorous and simple, in one go. On the four inner walls of the First High Bell, there are four Yangzhou lacquer paintings, beautifully carved, full of gold, gorgeous and solemn. These four large-scale gold lacquer murals "Hua Yan Dafa" and "Fa Hua Miao Dian", which are really attached to Tianning Tower in the south of the Yangtze River, are disgusting works by celebrities of arts and crafts in Jiangsu Province, such as Lv Yonglin and Yang Zhongbao, and are also the first time that Yangzhou lacquer painting has entered the Buddha. Pagoda 13 floor shows the grand occasion of Buddha Sakyamuni's lecture and the gathering of buddhas and immortals in Lingshan. The interpretation of this scene is five directions, five buddhas and four walls. Five directions and five buddhas are enshrined in five directions: east, west, north and south. In the center is a crystal stone Buddha, which can be regarded as the treasure of the town tower. This transparent ancient siddhattha gotama originated in India in16th century and was exiled to Europe in the last century. In 2003, Gao Peizhi, who loves China, welcomed him back to China and donated him to Tianning Tower. The other four-faced Buddha will be carved from white, ink, blue and red jade of Hetian jade and Kunlun jade in Xinjiang. Five Dhyani Buddhas shows the scene of the Buddha's lecture, while the four walls show the magnificent momentum of the pilgrimage of ten thousand buddhas. Each wall is 6 meters high and 2.4 meters high, and the carving technology is the best Dongyang woodcarving in China. More than a dozen Dongyang folk carving masters will show 500-600 figures with different expressions and scenes on teak in eight months with a frontal carving process protruding more than 65,438+00 cm. Stepping into the Tataji Square in Tianning, looking up, it is the "Dragon City Elephant Education" plaque hanging between the first and second floors of the pagoda, which is 5 meters high and 2 meters long. The four corners of the tower base are 5.3 meters high, and the four kings made of all copper are tall and majestic. Sword, pipa, umbrella and dragon are the four "magic weapons", which means praying for "good weather". There are eight bronze statues on each side of each statue of the heavenly king, each of which is 3.2 meters high and 5 meters long. The other two Kowloon columns, 19.8 meters high and 3 meters in diameter, stand on both sides of the pagoda. The Kowloon Column is carved from granite and weighs more than 200 tons. The dragon elephant party in the square should also be called "Dragon City Elephant Teaching". In addition, there are two incense burners in the square, which are 5m long,1.8m wide and 2.8m high, making them the largest incense burners in China so far. The four characters "Dragon City Elephant Religion" on the Zhaobi opposite the Zhaobi Gate were written by Gan Long Liuxia Jiangnan when he came to Tianning Temple for the third time. "Dragon City" is another name for Changzhou, and "Elephantism" refers to Buddhism. When Buddha Sakyamuni ascended to heaven, his disciples carved Siddhartha Gautama on wood in order to remember the Buddha and spread Buddhism, and educated monks and kind men and women in the image of Buddha. Emperor Qianlong affirmed the strict laws and regulations of Tianning Temple, a famous Buddhist Zen Dojo in the southeast coast. The inscription contains the meaning of praise, praising Tianning Temple as the pure land of Changzhou. A thousand hands and eyes Guanyin in Tianning Temple stepped into the gate. The first thing that caught our eye was Guanyin with thousands of hands and eyes standing on the lotus seat. 4 meters high, all carved with camphor wood, with gold foil on the surface. This layout is rare in other temples. Why do you want to create this "four-sided Guanyin" in Shanmen Temple? Guanyin is particularly popular because she treats everyone equally, regardless of rank, and because she is merciful and responsive to people's needs. Sacrifice her here, so that people can see him from the front, back and left, so as to get happiness and pray for auspicious wishes. The Temple of the King Now we have come to the "Temple of the King", and there are only a handful of such large halls in China. It is 23 meters high and covers an area of 790 square meters. The giant plaque "Wang Ci" under the eaves was inscribed by Zhao Puchu, a famous calligrapher and former vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. There is also a brick carving of Juefa, which was edited by imperial academy in Qing Dynasty and written by Feng Guifen, a pioneer of Westernization School in late Qing Dynasty and a calligrapher in Wuxian County. The statue of Maitreya entering Tianwang Temple, with its bare chest and abdomen and charming smile, makes people feel cordial and happy. Look at the Wei Tuo Bodhisattva behind this temple. The weapon in his hand is called the Devil-dropping pestle, also called the Bao-pestle, which is facing the Hall of Ursa Major. He is the guardian of the temple. The four huge colorful statues on both sides of this temple are the four heavenly kings who protect Buddhism, commonly known as the Four donkey kong. The four statues of heavenly kings here are famous for their height and majesty. Each statue is 7.8 meters high and the altar is 9. 1 meter high, which is rare among similar statues in temples in China. The arhat brick carving passed through the courtyard in the shape of "Tian", and now we come to the main hall. Look at the walls on both sides. Embedded with 565,438+08 arhat brick carvings. Its lines are smooth, its expression is pleasant, its knife technique is meticulous and its composition is extraordinary. It was first carved in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1798). The five hundred arhats that we saw in Luohantang just now were made by rubbing the blue bricks on the walls on both sides. During the ten years of turmoil, people covered this classical treasure with lime, which has been completely preserved until now. The sundial, two stone tablets integrating astronomical science, archaeological research and practicality, is called the "sundial", which measures the season and time and has a history of 180 years. At present, it is unique to adopt such a shape in the existing ancient sundials in China. The accuracy is quite high, which can be in line with Taipei time. The original two sundials, one of which was destroyed by the Japanese invaders during the Anti-Japanese War, have long been blurred because of its age and wind and rain erosion. These two sundials were carefully surveyed and designed by the researchers of Shanghai Observatory in the later period of temple restoration, and they were reproduced as they are in 199 1. Daxiong Hall Now our main hall is Daxiong Hall, with nine ridges on the roof, 25.8 meters high, 28 meters deep, 26.4 meters wide and 30 meters high. It is the largest Buddhist temple in the whole temple. There are many brick carvings in the whole hall building, which is a major feature of Tianning Temple and is beyond the reach of other temples in the south of the Yangtze River. Almost all the roofs of the Hall of the Great Hero are inlaid with brick carvings, and the images of various figures, flowers and birds are polished and carved with specially customized brick carvings, with slim and elegant shapes and vivid images. These ornaments are hollowed out in the middle, which not only reduces the roof load scientifically, but also weakens the wind. The upper end is equipped with "hanging flower basket" and "hanging Luo", which embodies the rich and luxurious court decoration style, and its exquisite structure fully embodies the characteristics of brick carving in Jiangnan. The woodcarving of Tianning Temple in Daxiong Hall is simple, magnificent and ingenious. There are three hexagonal "Xumishan" giant buddhas in the temple, also known as "King Kong" and "Lotus". The pedestal in front of the Buddha statue, the glass lamp hanging in the air, the altar of the Buddha statue and other large wood carvings form a series, resplendent and magnificent, setting off the sacred atmosphere of the pure land Buddha country. Xumishan Mountain is double-waisted, with a height of 3 meters and a circumference of 5.2 meters, each petal 1 1 petal. The first layer of big petals is Buddha, the second layer is animal, and the third layer is flower. Judging from the wood carvings in the whole hall, they are exquisitely carved, gorgeous in shape, extensive in content and grand in style, which can be called the most temples in the south of the Yangtze River, and give people artistic enjoyment with wonderful workmanship. The Jade Buddha Hall passed the Mahayana Hall and came to the Jade Buddha Hall. This is a rare feature of temples in the south of the Yangtze River. The jade buddhas here were all brought back from Myanmar, a Buddhist country. From March 1990 to February 1995, Tianning Temple invited 15 jade buddhas from Myanmar, including one from Dalin Temple in Wujin, one from Hongji Temple in Liyang and one from Chongqing Temple in Wuxi. At present, there are 12 jade Buddha. There are three large jade buddhas lying in Tianning Temple. The reclining Buddha in front of us is 5.3 meters long and weighs 12 tons. The other two are 3.8 meters long. Lying Buddha is the image of the Buddha at the age of 80. This horizontal position is called "auspicious lying". The recumbent statue is beautifully carved, with a quiet and kind face, eyes slightly closed, calm and comfortable, and no feeling of pain. Art reproduces the expression of Sakyamuni Buddha when he entered nirvana. The vegetarian restaurant in Tianning Temple has a historical tradition. Pilgrims from all over the world come here for pilgrimage, and tourists also come to visit. They often like to eat here. First of all, while doing Buddhist services, they entertain relatives and friends and taste the flavor of Buddhism to express their feelings of gathering and happiness and express their sincere wishes. Secondly, it is a popular fashion to change the taste, or have family dinners or get together with relatives and friends. Especially in the hot summer, people are tired of eating dizzy, and vegetarian food is mostly precious seaweed such as bean products, fresh fruits and vegetables, mushrooms, fungus and Nostoc flagelliforme, cooked with sesame oil. In addition, the Buddha land is clean and solemn, and the environment is elegant. It's really a pleasure to visit Tianning Tower in Changzhou, the Pearl of the South of the Yangtze River, several times a year to adjust the interest of life and satisfy your curiosity. In order to adapt to economic development, improve consumption patterns, promote tourism, enrich food culture, and enhance the self-supporting ability of temples, Tianning Temple was reopened on 1988. The pavilion is located on the east side of the mountain gate, which has both the simplicity and solemnity of temple architecture and the style of modern decoration. A pair of columns in the pavilion are fascinating: "Jinyu Palace, Xi Jing Qing Zhai. Relax in the blessed land, prolong life and add meals here. " Lian wrote an inscription for Qian Xiaoshan, a famous calligrapher and poet of the Yi nationality. The scene was mixed, the antithesis was neat, and the monks and the people were all interested. The restaurant in the museum can be divided and separated, and can accommodate more than 100 people at the same time. Vegetarianism can be divided into court vegetarian, folk vegetarian and Buddhist vegetarian. Palace vegetarianism is a vegetarian meal during the banquet of ancient emperors. Many varieties of modern folk vegetarian dishes and Buddhist vegetarian dishes are among the famous dishes. Most of the chefs here are trained in Shanghai Jade Buddha Temple and Zhenjiang Jinshan Temple Vegetarian Restaurant, and they can cook more than 40 kinds of traditional Buddhist vegetarian dishes and Changzhou local cuisine. The vegetarian restaurant here has Buddhist colors, such as "Buddha shines brightly", with golden chestnuts as the main symbol of Buddha's light. The dish is surrounded by green and tender Chinese cabbage, ochre mushroom and yellow almond, which are colorful, soft and delicious at the entrance and fragrant. There are also various dishes such as "Longevity", "Lucky Fortune", "Congratulation on Getting Rich" and "Harvest of Grains" to celebrate good luck and happiness. Elaborate gold ingots, bergamot and peaches are regarded as exquisite "handicrafts" with excellent color, fragrance and shape, which are deeply loved by Chinese and foreign guests. Special mention should be made here of the traditional product of Changzhou-Wuta cuisine. Because its leaves are like money, its plants are green and full of vitality, it is used to be called "money dish" in order to have a smooth and auspicious wish all year round. At that time, the person in charge of the vegetarian canteen hosted by Tianning Temple complied with people's psychological needs, allowing guests to eat this kind of "money dish" and become a good dish in hot summer. They have a "gentleman's agreement" with the vegetable farmers in taoyuan village (now Taoyuan New Village) across the river-every cold winter, they will provide thousands of kilograms of Wuta vegetables for the temple, which will be washed and dried by cooks and stored in a large container filled with most of the "Seven Stone Tanks" soybean oil to prevent Wuta vegetables from "breathing" and taken out for pilgrims to make in the temple in the dog days next year. Imagine that in the hot summer of "summer" season, there are not many leafy vegetables, but you can eat "money vegetables", which is cool and refreshing, making people naturally associate with the snow scene in winter and consciously cool and interesting. Can you not make people laugh? It can be seen that the vegetarian diet in Tianning Temple is so exquisite and meticulous, and its painstaking design and management of serving guests are so thoughtful and meticulous. Traffic information 1. The railway station can be reached by bus 1 1, and Yancheng can be reached by bus 80 in spring and autumn. 2. Take the tour 1 to reach Qingfeng Park. 3.B 12 can reach China dinosaur park. 4. You can also take buses 220, 23, 3, 53, 78 and 78A to Tianning Temple. Astronomical Instruments It is reported that there are two astronomical scientific instruments in Tianning Temple in Changzhou, which are unique among the temples in China. It is placed on both sides of Danyong in the Hall of Ursa Major, with a stone tablet on the east side, which is called "face-to-face sundial"; The first thing in the west that looks like a countertop is called a "flat sundial". It can read out the time and solar terms according to the fan-shaped line diagram of the sun shining on the wall. It was designed in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820) by Zhang Zuonan, a historian and former magistrate of Yanghu Lake (now Changzhou and Wujin), using the principle of astronomical calendar and absorbing the advantages of the European sundial introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty, according to the latitude of Changzhou.

According to experts' research, this kind of sundial is rare in the existing ancient sundials in China, so it has been included in the catalogue of ancient astronomical instruments in China.

Daxiong Hall is the most majestic and solemn hall of Tianning Temple. The temple is 25.8m high, with a building area of 103 1 m2. Surprisingly, the Hall of the Great Hero is so high and the roof load is so heavy that it is supported by 12 iron pear trees (Douglas fir) with a diameter of 80 cm and a length exceeding 10 m.. In the main hall, three resplendent altars and three glazed lamps hanging in the air are carved and assembled from basswood and camphor wood. The contents of the sculpture include flowers, beautiful fruits, birds and animals, operas and stories, scrolls and so on. Almost all the ridges and ridges on the roof are embedded with brick carvings. Its quantity and quality are beyond the reach of other temples in the south of the Yangtze River. It is reported that Changzhou people have the custom of "lighting arhats" in Tianning Temple every Spring Festival. According to a person's age, choose an arhat as a starting point, and wait until you have counted the arhats of the same age. From his joys and sorrows, we can predict the fortune of that year. The early Luohan of Tianning Temple was first formed during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, and then it was continuously enriched and improved. It was modeled after Qita Temple in Ningbo, Zhu Sheng Temple in Nanyue and Sichuan-Yunnan Temple. In particular, the 5 18 carved blue bricks of Lohan, which are embedded in the east and west walls of the Hall of the Great Hero and protected by glass frames, have smooth lines, slender knives, beautiful compositions and vivid expressions. According to the records of Tianning Temple, the ship owners who went abroad for business at that time were most worried about being attacked by strong winds and waves when sailing, so they went to Tianning Temple to pray for Buddha's blessing and offer a set of arhat rubbings to worship the ship, so that the arhat statue of Tianning Temple spread overseas. Luohantang also has two distinguished guests-Jigong and Jigong. Looking closely at Ji Gong's eyes, we can see from the corners of his mouth that he seems to laugh, to be sad, to cry, to laugh and cry, which shows that the shaping art of Buddhist culture in China is wonderful. Another crazy monk who accompanied East Luohantang said in the Kunqu Opera "Jigong Sweeping Qin" that the flamethrower in his hand had no holes and the broom was connected. Qin Gui in the play asks him why. He replied: "There can be no loopholes, or it is adultery!" My broom is not used to sweep the floor, but to sweep the treacherous court official! "Qin Gui was dumbfounded by this crazy monk. Later generations worship them in temples, not because they are immortal living buddhas, but because they admire their spirit of being fearless of power and daring to help the poor. In 2007, Tianning Temple was rebuilt, and the Tang and Song style stupa "Tianning Pagoda" was completed. The stupa is located behind the central axis of Tianning Temple, with a total construction area of 27,000 square meters, a total of 13 floors and an octagonal layout, with a total height of 153.79 meters, making it the tallest stupa in the world. The world's first "Jinding Jade Body" pagoda, the top of which is in the form of a diamond throne. The main tower is 30 meters high, and the four auxiliary towers are 15 meters high. It is made of 75 tons of bronze with a lot of gold on its surface. This is the "Jinding". The tower foundation is surrounded by 1000 Jade Pagoda and 1000 Jade Monument, as well as the jade decorated on the outer walls of the towers, which is the moral of the jade body. There are two bronze incense burners 5 meters long, 0/.8 meters wide and 2.8 meters high in front of the world's largest copper incense burner pagoda square, which is the largest copper incense burner in the world so far. These two bronze incense burners are engraved with the words "Fu Lushou". I hope everyone can "keep the fist". The tower foundation of Tallinn Pagoda, which is the first in the world, adopts the restored Buddhist architectural form of Borobudur in Indonesia. It is one of the four major Buddhist relics in the world and has extremely high cultural and artistic value. On the 7-story fence of the pagoda foundation, it is surrounded by 65,438+0,000 jade pagodas carved with white marble, each with a height of 65cm and a base height of 65,438+0.75m. The world's "First Classic Forest" is located among 65,438+0,000 jade pagodas in the tower foundation. It is a Buddhist forest with jade edges. This is the "First Holy Forest". The classics carved in the forest were inscribed by 500 eminent monks at home and abroad, such as Zhao Puchu's "Pumenpin". These jade pagodas and monuments are all made of "Oriental White" jade from Ya 'an, Sichuan, and the jade brick stuck on the pagoda is a kind of jade called Xiuyu. The world's "First Mingwa Pagoda" climbed the pagoda and leaned over to see the tiles covered on it. This kind of tile is called bronze inscription tile, which is made of copper and engraved with scriptures. The surface of these tiles is oxidized, and the color is like tiles, which never rusts, reducing daily maintenance, and the weight is only one-third of that of ordinary tiles, greatly reducing the bearing capacity of the tower. This is the "First Inscription Watta" in the world. Tianningta underground palace group, the "first underground palace group" in the world, has 16 palaces, 8 bright and 8 dark, and is the largest underground palace in the world. The underground palace is generally used to collect Buddhist treasures. Tianning Tower Underground Palace displays some treasures such as relics, Buddha feet and stone buddhas in the Tang Dynasty. A clock with a height of 3.2 meters and a weight of 15 tons hangs at the top of the world's "first clock" pagoda 1 18 meters. Every festival or ceremony, the bell rings, which breeds wisdom, increases happiness, praises peace and prosperity, and wishes the country and people peace. Related event 20 16 12.5, the National Tourism Administration held a press conference and was severely warned in the list of 4A-level scenic spots.