& lt& lt Zhouyi >> Whose book is this?

Zhouyi is China's earliest philosophical work, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient China thought. It not only had a great influence on hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, but also was studied by all accomplished scholars in feudal society. However, who is the author of Zhouyi, a magnificent masterpiece? This is a difficult problem that people have debated for thousands of years.

According to the three sages of Zhouyi, The Book of Changes and Classic Biography were written by Fuxi, Wang Wen and Duke Zhou (or Confucius).

Taking Fu's Book of Changes as evidence, his book Under Cohesion claims to be the king of the world, looks up to the family and spreads gossip. The preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong also said: Fuxi is honest and clean, and is good at gossiping. This point was clarified in Biography of the Yuezhe. Fuxi is the Eight Diagrams, and Zhou Wenwang rules the world for 3 14 hexagrams. "Zhou Benji" records: "Xibogai reigned for fifty years. Before and after he went to prison, he covered one gossip and sixty-four hexagrams. " "Confucius" carried out Confucius' sage and said, "Confucius is late, fond of easy things, arrogant, fond of divination and classical Chinese." Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples further proves that Confucius' biography is easy to bend.

It was Ma Rong who inherited and expanded this statement. They think that King Wen divines, Duke as a speech of Zhou and Confucius make ten wings. This is the final conclusion. Only they eliminated the legendary Fuxi. Zhu, who is slightly different from him, thinks that the Book of Changes includes Fu's Yi, His Yi and Confucius' Yi. When reading Yi, we must treat the Yi of these three people differently and don't confuse them.

Confucius theory and non-Confucius theory. For a long time, people who hold this view have been arguing whether Zhouyi is Confucius or not. One school thinks that the Book of Changes belongs to Confucius and others; Another school claims that the Book of Changes has nothing to do with Confucius.

This statement originated in the Han Dynasty. According to Zhou Li, there are three kinds of books in the Book of Changes in the early Zhou Dynasty, one is called Lianshan, the other is Guizang, and the third is called Zhouyi. The first two books were lost in the Han Dynasty, and only the Book of Changes was circulated among the people. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the government established the Five Classics Academy headed by the Book of Changes, and some doctors of the Five Classics rearranged and compiled classics with the popular official books at that time, which made the new version of the Book of Changes widely circulated in the society. Under the political background of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" at that time, the descendants of Confucius believed that the Book of Changes was written by Confucius and had its specific historical conditions. So everyone in this book is entitled "Zi Yue". This genre is what later generations call "modern writers".

However, the classics written by the seal script left over from the pre-Qin era are authentic and classic "ancient writers", but they think that the first five classics of the Book of Changes are Zhou Jiu Jing. First of all, they are a compilation of laws and regulations handed down by the late king. Before Confucius came out, how could they be classics? Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote Yi Zi Yi Wen, in which he said: The classical Chinese, copula and mixed hexagrams in the Book of Changes have nothing to do with Confucius. Gong Zizhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, further argued: "Before Zhong Ni was born, there were six classics. It goes without saying when Zhong Ni was born." .

Since modern times, this kind of argument has intensified. Pi Xirui, a scholar who insisted on Confucius' view of "being a writer today", concluded: "Once the Confucian classics were set by Confucius, Confucius could not have them before; Second, when we know that the early Han Dynasty is not far away, we think that Confucius' Confucian classics must be well-founded. " Kang Youwei is even more categorical: "The Six Classics were all written by Confucius, and the ancients said that it was wrong for Confucius to delete them. "Kang Shengren even denied that Confucius was the co-author of Zhouyi.

Not to be outdone, ancient writers who hold the theory of non-Confucius fought back under the banner of money. He carefully researched the evidence and refuted it layer by layer, and came to the conclusion that "Kong Qiu didn't delete and edit the Six Classics." There is no room for reconciliation in tit-for-tat

Mr. Guo Moruo is unique in this debate. He thinks that Confucius is not only not the author of Zhouyi, but also has never read Zhouyi. He said that in the Analects of Confucius, the word "Yi" in Lu is also "Yi", which is not credible; The word "Zi Yue" that appears many times in Zhouyi is not Confucius, but Xunzi. From this, Mr. Guo concluded that Zhouyi was mostly written by Xunzi disciples, and thought that Zhouyi might have been compiled by Chu people before the Warring States Period.

In addition, some scholars argue about the author of Zhouyi according to the idea of Zhouyi. Mr. Feng Youlan wrote that the philosophical views of Zhouyi and Analects of Confucius are completely different, thus denying that Zhouyi was written by Confucius. Professor Su, on the other hand, thinks that Mr. Feng's argument is practical, and it is not difficult to see that the ideas in Zhouyi and Analects are exactly the same, so it is hard to say that the argument of Confucius School is unreasonable. 1973 The silk book unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha records the discussion of the Book of Changes by Confucius and his disciples.

Non-Confucius scholars still disagree with Confucius scholars. Mr. Huang Yongnian believes that Zhouyi belongs to a kind of essay, which is neither literature and history nor philosophy. As Mr. Gu Jiegang said, "The writer did not take the exam, so it was because of the official who was in charge of divination at that time." He also said, "The Ten Wings Theory of Philosophy can be regarded as philosophy, and the upper and lower classics are divinatory words occupied by Gui. Strictly speaking, folklore has been involved, not all philosophy, and certainly not literature and history. " The conclusion is that Zhouyi was not written by one person. Li agrees with this view. He said: "The hexagrams in the Book of Changes are made up" and "it may be a fortune teller or fortune teller of the Zhou royal family". The author of the Book of Changes is "non-human, and his name cannot be tested". Gong Zhebing's point of view is basically consistent with the above. He analyzed its teaching route and development process with the method of logical research, and thought that Zhouyi was based on Zou Lu culture and Jingchu culture, and inherited the milk of Sanjin culture and Yanqi culture, which was the intersection and crystallization of various ideas in the late Zhou Dynasty.

Who is the author of Zhouyi? There is no conclusion yet. Studying its author will bring a deeper understanding to the study of Yi-ology. We look forward to scholars and experts who are interested in this subject, through in-depth research and discussion, to solve doubts and finalize the case.

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