Comment on Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted the immortal masterpiece The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is priceless in the painting history of China. It is a long scroll genre painting created by realistic means, which vividly reproduces the prosperous scene of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through a detailed description of street life.

Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), was a painter at the turn of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was written by Zhang Zeduan when he was making history at Hanlin Painting Academy in Song Huizong.

Work. This long scroll is made of silk and light color. The frame is 24.8 cm high and 528.7 cm long. This is a long scroll genre painting created with a highly realistic technique and through the analysis of market customs.

The detailed description of life vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty.

After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a history of China,

Song Huizong, a master of calligraphy and painting, likes this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost).

This masterpiece, which is well-known at home and abroad, has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its appearance, and plundered by later emperors and dignitaries.

Target. It went from one place to another and experienced many wars and disasters ... It entered the palace five times and was stolen from the palace four times. After many disasters, it interpreted many legendary stories.

(1) The mounter replaced the fake goods with the real ones.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first collected by Song Huizong in the court of Northern Song Dynasty. 11September 26, the Jin Bing captured the emperor Qin Hui and looted the treasures in the palace. Along the River During the Qingming Festival

But it spread among the people. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, this painting entered the palace for the second time. From the Yuan Dynasty to the period of Mindfulness, there was a framer in the palace who exchanged the original and the copy, sold it somewhere and then sold it.

To Chen Yanlian from Wulin (Hangzhou). Chen was afraid of failure and was in a hurry to use the money, so he sold it to Yang Zhun.

(2) Soup is framed, and bite the hand that feeds you.

According to Gu Su's Story of Summer in Qing Dynasty, Yu Wang of Taicang has a collection of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. When Yan Shifan found out, he forced him to ask for it. If Wang Yu doesn't want to go, he will invite one.

The owner (that is, Huang Biao) made a copy and sent it. As early as when he was the governor of Zhejiang, there was a painter named Tang. His life was very difficult. Wang Yu took him home to work and later recommended him.

For Yan Shifan. A picture of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was sent to Yan's home, and it was painted beside it. He said, "This picture is fake." Yan Shishan was very angry after hearing this.

It is worth our tower to invade Datong. At that time, Wang (Yu) was the governor of Su Liao, and there was no way to defend the enemy. Yan's followers took the opportunity to impeach Wang Yu and were killed.

(3) Mrs. Lu embroidered pillows and hid paintings.

According to Li Rihua's Diary of Wei Shui Xuan in the Ming Dynasty, during the Jiajing period (1522- 1566), Yan Song was a traitor, and his son Yan Shifan was in power in both the ruling and opposition parties, so they had to.

Knowing that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a masterpiece, they sent people to search everywhere.

At this time, this painting is stored in Luwan's home. After Lu Wan's death, his wife cherished this painting and hid it in an embroidered pillow. My wife has a nephew surnamed Wang, who is good at drawing and is smart and talkative.

As soon as Mrs. Wang was happy, she asked to see the painting, but she couldn't refuse at the moment, so she was allowed to sit in a small pavilion without pen and ink and watch it for a limited time. Wang Shenghao is very clever.

When I read it for the second time, I memorized the composition and layout of the houses, streets, ships and figures in the painting. When I got back, I copied the whole picture and spread it all over the world, but the real thing was still in Yan Song's hands.

(4) Feng avert suspicion eunuch rumor.

It is said that after The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the palace, the emperor didn't like calligraphy and painting, so Cheng Gongzhu took the opportunity to ask the emperor to give it to him, but the emperor offered a high price to pay his salary and painting.

When he wanted to give this painting to Zhu, a little eunuch learned that it was priceless and stole it. He was about to leave the palace when the housekeeper came. The little eunuch hurriedly hid the painting in the sewer, just as it rained that day.

For three days in a row, the painting has rotted out of control.

This story was collected by Amin Zhan Jingfeng in his Introduction to Oriental Books. In fact, it was invented by Feng Bao, a painter who stole paintings. Feng Bao was a eunuch in Wanli period of Qin Long and the leader of the East Factory.

In power, in and out of the palace, Feng Bao wrote an inscription after learning the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. If this is the emperor's reward, he must have written a great book in the inscription, but Feng Bao didn't mention it at the end of the word.

It was a theft, and he made up the above bizarre story to hide his eyes and ears.

(5) Xuan Tong Palace in Qing Dynasty stole treasures.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was collected by Liu Feiyuan after it entered Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Jiaqing, Bi Yuan died. In the fourth year (1799), Bi Jiachao, the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival, became an official for the fourth time. pass by

It is located in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace.

After the Revolution of 1911, Puyi (Xuan Tong) abdicated and still lived in the palace. Before 1925 left the palace, he stole the precious calligraphy and painting in the palace to Tianjin. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of them. After ...

When the Puppet Manchukuo was founded, he brought this painting to Changchun Palace. 1945, on the eve of the liberation of Northeast China, Puyi fled hastily and came to Tonghua with this painting. He was reluctant to throw it away, and was captured by our army and collected in.

Northeast Museum. 1955 allocated to the Palace Museum. This is the fifth time that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has entered the Forbidden City, but it is not the former Forbidden City, but the People's Museum.

During the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four main commanders, took advantage of his power to borrow the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from the Palace Museum for his own use. He also cooperates with Qiu.

Wu, Wu and others occupied a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was rediscovered and is still in the Palace Museum.

Medium.

Discussion on the scroll content of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: Since its publication, Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been copied in all dynasties, with different sizes. According to statistics, at present, grandpa in China

Private collection of 30 copies of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

What did the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draw? Why is its charm enduring?

According to Qian's "Zhuo Juan Ba", there are all kinds of figures 1643 people and 208 animals in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is better than the classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Yi (1 19 1 person), Dream of Red Mansions (975 people) and Water Margin (787 people) all depict more characters.

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. When the picture unfolds, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River.

Scene. The second half depicts the street view of Bianjing City. The size of the word is less than 3 cm, as small as a bean. If you look at them carefully, they are both physically and mentally interesting.

The riverside scene on the Qingming Festival is as big as Yuanye, Haohe and Shanglang, as small as boats, car figures, pavements, decorations and market signs. It is real and natural, which makes people feel immersive.

Feeling. The whole work is long but not redundant, complicated but not chaotic, tight and compact, as if in one go, which fully shows the extraordinary brushwork of the painter Zhang Zeduan, and deserves to be a rare treasure in China's art treasure house.

Treasure of the world

According to the textual research on the inscription of Amin Li Dongyang, there should be a landscape map of the outer suburbs in front of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, with the inscription of Song Huizong's fine gold lettering and his collection of Shuanglong Xiaozhuan.

Mark, now these paintings are gone. There are two reasons. One possibility is that this picture has been circulated for too long, and the beginning part was broken after being played and appreciated by countless people.

So later generations cut it off when mounting it; One possibility is that Song Huizong's inscription and Ssangyong Xiao Zhuan are valuable, and later generations deliberately cut them off and sold them as another painting.

Many experts suspect that the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is missing, because this painting should not come to an abrupt end just after entering Kaifeng City, but should be painted all the way to Jinming Pool.

Whether the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been lost and how many mysteries remain have attracted Chinese and foreign scholars and experts to explore.