Fortune teller He Long.

This article is dedicated to the memory of Marshal He Long.

1June 9th, 975 is the 6th anniversary of Marshal He Long's unjust death, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an ashes laying ceremony for Marshal He Long. Premier Zhou Enlai attended the meeting in spite of illness, and made seven bows at the meeting, expressing his extreme grief.

Among the top ten marshals of the People's Liberation Army, the most legendary should belong to Marshal He Long.

He Long's family has been famous for being brave since the Ming Dynasty. His distant ancestor He Chongxian participated in the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, and his great grandfather He Tingbi was born in martial arts and participated in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. When he was beheaded in defeat, Liu, the wife of He Tingbi, lifted her skirt and wrapped her head in it at the moment when the executioner cut off her head, leaving a tragic story of "He Tingbi rebelled and Liu Doutou".

Under the influence of this family style of righteous words, no matter anyone in the Hai family, they all feel at home before life and death. He Long's father He Shidao, brother He, sister He Ying, sister He, He Mangu and others, faced with knives and axes, are all dead.

He Long was bold from an early age. On one occasion, He Long's father He Shidao (He Long's family is a military household, He Shidao made duct tape for the Qing army) was drinking with several military colleagues, and young He Long was playing under the table. A colleague of He Shidao took out a musket and fired a shot at the ground. He thought it would frighten He Long to cry, but He Long played as usual as if he didn't hear it, which was admirable.

19 14, He Long joined the China Revolutionary Party founded by Sun Yat-sen, but the revolution needs armed forces. Where did the weapons come from? Therefore, He Long targeted the Sangzhi County Salt and Tax Bureau.

He Long focused on the Salt and Taxation Bureau for two reasons. First of all, Ding Yan has a gun in his hand. Second, the Salt and Taxation Bureau exploited the caravan that transported salt to and from Sangzhi County with guns in its hands, which caused the price of salt to soar. Poor farmers have to borrow usury from landlords in order to eat salt. In this way, farmers are getting poorer and poorer, landlords are getting richer, and people's lives are miserable. If the Salt Tax Bureau is destroyed, it will not only get guns, but also get the support of the poor.

From this incident, we can see He Long's precise vision in choosing the target.

19 16, He Long borrowed two kitchen knives (the other one was a firewood knife), took 2/kloc-0 like-minded villagers to the Salt and Taxation Bureau, killed salt officials and diced salt, and set fire to the IOUs owed by the villagers when they bought salt, thus embarking on the road of revolution.

After the autumn harvest uprising, Comrade Mao Zedong used this experience to inspire the insurgents during the "Three Bay Rectification":

When He Longchu launched the revolution, there was only a team of more than 300 people, and the core of the team was the He brothers. Among them, He Long's brother-in-law Gu Jiting and his sister He Ying helped He Long the most.

Objectively speaking, the vast majority of He Long's initial team will always be clan children and some Jianghu heroes, and the composition is still relatively complicated. Among them, the two heroes of Jianghu gangs with the largest number are the Old Age Club and the "Bachelor Club" of He Long's brother-in-law Gu Jiting.

After Gu Jiting died, He Ying took over and became the leader of Singles Day. During this period, He Ying gave more support to He Long, and there were more heroes in the Jianghu, which made He Long have a high position in the Jianghu. That's why He Long's detractors say that He Long is the bandit leader in the future.

19 16 April 16, He Long, as the commander-in-chief of Sangzhi County People's Army, was appointed as the battalion commander by Cheng Qian, commander-in-chief of Hunan National Defence Force, and was regarded as a full member of the regular army.

1965438+In June, 2006, Yuan Shikai, a national thief, died in an uproar, and the war to defend our country won a staged victory. However, the fruits of the victory of the revolution did not fall into the hands of the people, but were stolen by the old bureaucrat Tan.

After Tan came to power, he thought that the surging peasant revolution in Hunan was not conducive to his rule in Hunan, so he ordered all the people's armies to go to Changsha and Changde respectively for reorganization. His purpose is very clear, that is, he wants to use the opportunity of army consolidation to divide and disintegrate all the people's armies. If you listen to him, it is natural for senior officials to sit down; Cancel the compilation if you don't listen.

Although He Long is a soldier, he has no political experience and is unaware of Tan's evil intentions. When he received Tan's order to stand up, he immediately led the army. Unfortunately, He Long's mother was dying at this time, and He Long had to hand over the troops to others to lead. When the dragon came back from the funeral, he was divided by Xiang and became one.

However, He Long refused to give up his team easily, so he was introduced to Tan and asked for a statement. Tan knew He Long's prestige in Xiangxi folk army, and he also knew that he had done very unkind things when recruiting He Long's men. So He Long was appointed as the consultant of Hunan Governor's Office, and arranged a plum job for He Long to collect grain ship tax in Changsha. On the surface, this arrangement is to collect taxes, but in fact, it is to pocket the taxes, and Tan wants to buy He Long to work for himself. But He Long said:

Flatly rejected Tan's wooing.

Although Tan was a revolutionary, in order to keep his power, he gradually began to move closer to the northern warlords, causing great dissatisfaction among revolutionaries. So, Hunan revolutionaries decided to assassinate Tan, and this task was handed over to He Long.

Unexpectedly, just as He Long was preparing to assassinate Tan, he gave up He Long because other revolutionaries failed to assassinate other reactionary warlords, so He Long was arrested and immediately ordered Tan to execute the death penalty. Fortunately, Lin Dexuan, commander-in-chief of Hunan garrison, who appreciated He Long very much, learned about it and ordered it not to be carried out, so He Long was able to escape.

Although Tan promised not to kill He Long, he kept it. At this time, there was a contradiction between Tan and Beiyang government, and Beiyang government had the idea of sending Fu Laixiang to replace Tan.

Lin Dexuan believes that although Tan betrayed the revolution, on the surface, he did not have a war with the revolutionary party, and the two sides basically maintained a relatively harmonious situation. But if the Beiyang government sends Fu instead of Tan, the situation will be greatly improved. The biggest possibility is that the two sides are torn and fighting each other. This situation is especially unfavorable to the relatively weak revolutionary party. Therefore, Lin Dexuan believes that under this situation, it is more pragmatic to unite with Tan to deal with the Beiyang government. Therefore, Lin Dexuan proposed to Tan to unite against the Beiyang government. As an additional condition, Tan demanded that He Long must be released.

Although Tan didn't want to let He Long go at all, Lin Dexuan had the relieving in his hand, and he was a character who could not afford to offend. Secondly, he also agreed with Lin Dexuan's suggestion to unite against the Beiyang government. So He Long was released.

Sure enough, as judged by Lin Dexuan, in August of 19 17, Tan was dismissed by Beiyang government and was replaced by Fu. In order to prevent Fu from going to Hunan, the revolutionaries decided to assassinate Fu, who was sent to Hunan as an advance team, and this task fell to He Longtou again. However, the personnel sent by Fu did not arrive as an advance party, and the assassination failed.

Through these two assassinations, he realized the conspiracy between warlords very early and was dissatisfied with the assassination as a very dark means. Even if the assassination is successful, the reactionary government will send someone else to take over. If the reactionary government has not been completely overthrown, this assassination is useless.

At this moment, Sun Yat-sen called for war to protect the law, and He Long volunteered to go back to his hometown to pull the team. Therefore, He Long euphemistically rejected Lin Dexuan's proposal to let him continue to be a senior official in Changsha, returned to his hometown with dozens of guns sponsored by Lin Dexuan, and once again pulled up a team of more than 200 people to serve as guerrilla commander of the national defense army in Xiangxi.

Shortly after He Long returned to his hometown, he received two letters of authorization. One was Chen Quzhen, the "King of Xiangxi", who appointed He Long as the commander of the detachment to guard Yuanling; The other was appointed by his rival Li Zhou as the head of the mission, He Long. Reasoning, He Long still thinks it is more appropriate to accept Wang Zi's appointment. Because He Long and Wang Zi used to be rivals, but it wasn't personal, and from Wang Zi's ability to let bygones be bygones and give himself a power of attorney, we can see that this person is still relatively open-minded. Therefore, He Long decided to accept Wang Zi's appointment.

However, He Long's decision aroused the anger of a man named Gao Guru.

This Koko is also from Hongjiaguan, and he is a fellow villager with He Long. He also participated in the incident that He Long Salt and Taxation Bureau seized a gun and killed two kitchen knives. However, at this time, I don't want to rely on others. I felt that I would never have a bright future under He Long, so I left He Long. Later, he became a state-run battalion commander in He Long. Koko went to He Long because he was not doing well outside, and found that He Long had become a battalion commander, which made him even more jealous. He Long didn't know this person had ulterior motives, and when he saw the Tathagata, he ordered him to be the staff officer of the battalion. However, Gogo was not satisfied and always wanted to turn He Long's troops into several.

When He Long returned to his hometown for the second time to pull the team, Chen Quzhen appointed He Long as the captain because of Gogu's plan. His wishful thinking is that as long as He Long accepts Chen Quzhen's appointment, he can take the opportunity to kill He Long and try to accept He Long's team.

For Chen Quzhen, all he wants is the team. It doesn't matter who leads the team. Compared with He Long, Gogo is easier to deal with, such as this insidious villain and a greedy molecule.

However, what Gao did not expect was that He Long did not accept the appointment, but accepted the appointment. This is Gu's wishful thinking. Therefore, Gogo came up with the idea of assassinating He Long, which was discovered by He Ying in the process of implementation. For example, Gogu had to flee in a hurry, and thus forged a deep hatred with He Long, and killed more than 30 members of the Hai family when He Long left Hongjiaguan.

1922, Sichuan civil war broke out again, and the Sichuan army was divided into two factions, one supporting the Beiyang government and the other supporting Sun Yat-sen. At this time, He Long responded to Sun Yat-sen's call and led the army into Sichuan. Because of the meritorious military service, he was promoted to brigade commander.

1923, Wu, a northern warlord, was unwilling to fail and made a comeback. In order to transport ammunition to the front, Wu used Japanese merchant ships as a cover to transport ammunition.

In the weak period of China, no matter the decadent government or various warlords, no one dared to offend the Japanese, but He Long did not listen to this evil. When others were afraid of the arrogance of the Japanese captain, He Long personally boarded the ship, shot and killed the Japanese captain, seized all the ammunition, and finally forced the Japanese side to bow.

Although Sun Yat-sen won the thief war, it made He Long more aware of the nature of these warlords. Moreover, He Long even doubted Sun Yat-sen's strategy of using warlords to fight warlords: a group of warlords were defeated, and the people did not benefit from it, but created another group of warlords. Is this really correct? It should be said that He Long was very confused during this period.

1924, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate, and He Long systematically learned the knowledge of communism and * * * from Zhou Yiqun. He Long said he wanted to go south to Guangzhou to find * * *, but he didn't approve it. So at this time, Sun Yat-sen was organizing the Northern Expedition, and the Helong Department stationed at the border of Xiangxi and Sichuan and Guizhou was entrusted with a heavy responsibility and became the pioneer of the Northern Expedition.

During the Beiyang period, Hunan's geographical position was very special. It belongs neither to the Kuomintang in the south nor to the Beiyang government in the north, but is in a neutral state. Neither Sun Yat-sen in the south nor Wu in the north has the will to change this split state. This is not that neither wants to change, but that if one side occupies Hunan, it will lose its buffer zone, and the forces of both sides will inevitably collide, which is not good for everyone.

The warlords in Hunan took advantage of the mutual fear of the two major political forces, and were in a state of survival in the cracks. On the contrary, they can live happily.

However, with the Northern Expedition of the Southern Government represented by Sun Yat-sen, the situation of Hunan warlords suddenly became awkward. There is no third way to go between the two major political forces, only south or north.

Sun Yat-sen also realized the unique position of Hunan, so he didn't say that Hunan warlords wanted to surrender to the southern government, and the Northern Expeditionary Army didn't want to make enemies in Hunan. As a result, the southern government proposed to go north through Hunan, and He Long, who had a strong influence in Hunan, became a pioneer.

With He Long leading his troops from Tongren County to Xiangxi, Hunan warlords began to panic. What should He Long do if he Long's department is allowed to enter Xiangxi? Could it be that the southern government made a false attempt to cede land? So the warlords who were familiar with He Long either resisted or avoided it, or sent a telegram to He Long asking what He Long was doing.

Just as He Long tried to explain to the warlords in Hunan that he wanted the Northern Expedition, Sun Yat-sen changed his strategy. The Northern Expeditionary Army stationed on the spot and went north to make peace. This puts He Long in a very awkward position. I just made it clear to the warlords in Hunan that the Northern Expeditionary Army was just passing by and was now stationed in Hunan. Isn't this cheating these warlords?

Sure enough, Hunan warlords saw He Long's retreat and thought it was He Long's false way to cut the enemy's land, so they sent troops to attack He Long, but they were all defeated by He Long.

At that time, a brigade was basically composed of two regiments, while He Long's brigade was composed of three regiments. In the last years of western Hunan, people came to defect in succession because of the influence of He Long, and the strength of Helong Department increased rapidly, from the initial 4000 to 10000.

At the beginning of 1925, He Long was appointed as the division commander of Sichuan Army 1, and was still under the jurisdiction of a brigade. This practice was also the practice at that time. Although the rank is very high, it is only an birthright. So at this time, although the Helong Department was a division's designation, it did not increase the brigade's designation. No wort means no pay. If He Long can pay his own money, he can let go of his hands and feet to expand the army, but where will He Long plunder the people's wealth and wealth like other warlords?

1In March, 925, Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing. Immediately, Zhao Hengti, the governor of Hunan, ordered the Northern Expeditionary Army to leave Hunan, otherwise it would attack the Northern Expeditionary Army. Just as He Long was considering whether to leave Hunan, Xiong Kewu, his superior and commander-in-chief of Sichuan Army, sent an invitation to He Long, asking He Long to lead his troops to Guangzhou to form a "new government".

Although He Long had great respect for Xiong Kewu, he clearly realized that if he led his troops south to Guangzhou, he would become Xiong Kewu's bargaining chip for the highest position in the southern government and become their thugs. At this time, He Long has clearly realized that these so-called slogans such as "forming a new government" are actually a stunt for the old and new warlords to compete for power, and he has no intention of getting involved in these interests. Therefore, He Long refused Xiong Kewu's invitation and chose to stay in Xiangxi.

He Long's birthright at this time is the Sichuan Army, but more than half of the people in the army are from Hunan, so He Long proposed to let Hunan people stay in Hunan, which is mutual affection between Hunan people.

Zhao Hengti, the governor of Hunan Province, was very reluctant to He Long's plan to stay in Xiangxi. But there is no way, because he is Tan Jianguo at this time. If Xiang doesn't agree with He Long to stay in Xiangxi, he will have no power to drive away He Long. Therefore, Zhao Hengti has to welcome He Long to stay in Xiangxi, and appointed He Long as the garrison in Lizhou, which governs seven counties.

Although Zhao Hengti appointed He Long as the commander, it does not mean that he is not afraid of He Long, especially after He Long made it clear that he supported the May 30th Movement. Zhao Hengti realized that if He Long was not destroyed and the Northern Expeditionary Army entered Hunan again, He Long would attack himself from Xiangxi. In order to eliminate hidden dangers, Zhao Hengti sent 15 regiment to attack and Dragon Department.

Faced with an enemy three times as powerful as himself, He Long did not confront Zhao Hengti head-on, but led his troops out of Xiangxi and returned to Tongren County, Guizhou Province, where he was originally stationed. In this area, He Long has a very good mass base, so it has been warmly supported by the people of Tongren County, and the team has quickly recovered, returning to the scale of about 10,000 people.

During the period of warlord scuffle, He Long and his men were actually very different. Compared with warlords of all sizes, only the He Long clique is always in a relatively independent state, which has brought many adverse effects to He Long and is often suspected, excluded and attacked by warlords of other factions.

With He Long's prestige and strength, anyone who wants to take refuge in any faction will be reused. However, He Long has always adhered to the idea of patriotism and love for the people, and will never bow to warlords, which is absolutely rare in the Republic of China.

1926, Zhao Hengti, the governor of Hunan Province, was expelled from Hunan. Tang Shengzhi presided over the Hunan government and concurrently served as the commander of the Eighth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. He Long and his men were incorporated into the Sixth Division of the Eighth Army, and He Long was appointed commander and commander of Xiangxi.

After He Long led the troops back to Xiangxi, the local people came to join the army in succession, and the team grew rapidly. Although there is only one division, there are already 20 regiments. However, although the Northern Expeditionary Army has a large number, it is basically composed of new warlords. In order to preserve their own strength, they adopted the practice of going with the sun and going against the yin, which did not contribute to the Northern Expedition. Therefore, although the Northern Expedition was huge, the effect was not remarkable. During this period, He Long's old friend and comrade-in-arms Zhou Yiqun came to Helongjun and brought a large number of graduates from Whampoa Military Academy and Baoding Military Academy to join the team in He Long, greatly enhancing the strength of Helong Department.

It was also during this period that He Long first proposed to join China. However, due to the policy at that time, senior Kuomintang generals were not allowed to join * * *, and He Long failed to join the Party this time.

At the end of 1926, He Long led the troops to attack Jingzhou and Shashi, which was strongly resisted by Beiyang Army and suffered heavy losses. But with the help of Zhou Yiqun, He Long quickly recovered its strength. Not only has the strength been replenished in time, but it has been expanded to five brigades, with about 20 thousand people, and it has already had the size of an army.

With the continuous improvement of He Long's strength, he Jian, a warlord in Hunan, was jealous. Especially in 1927, with the deepening of the differences between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, there were left and right factions within the Kuomintang. He Long was a leftist with a clear-cut stand, which aroused the suspicion of He Jian and other new warlords in Hunan. In order not to conflict with He Jian and others prematurely, after a series of operations by Wu and others, Helong Department moved to Wuhan, the revolutionary center of the Northern Expedition at that time.

To He Long's surprise, even in Wuhan, the revolutionary center at that time, He Long Department did not escape the fate of being cut. When the armies of the Northern Expedition were expanded one after another, the Helong Department was rigidly reduced by seven regiments, and its strength dropped sharply from more than 20,000 to more than 10,000, and its designation was changed from the Sixth Division of the Eighth Army to an independent division.

There are four main reasons why the He Long Department has been streamlined instead of rewarding its work:

First, He Long's left-leaning performance has always been a bitter pill for the Kuomintang Rightists, who resolutely refused to allow a left-leaning general to have too much military power. Compared with Tang Shengzhi and Zhang Fakui, both leftist generals, He Long is a true leftist, while Tang Shengzhi and Zhang Fakui are false leftists. They seek their own interests in the name of the left, which is essentially different from He Long's true left who pleaded for the people wholeheartedly.

Second, He Long does not belong to any faction within the Kuomintang, but belongs to a pure general who has no one in North Korea. As the saying goes, someone in the DPRK is good at being an official. Although the leaders in the Kuomintang tried their best to win over He Long, they all had no effect. Will they allow a general who doesn't take refuge in them to hold heavy troops?

Third, although He Long joined the Revolutionary Party of China, He Long did not join the reorganization when the Revolutionary Party of China was reorganized into the Kuomintang. So He Long didn't really join the Kuomintang. In this capacity, how can you win the trust of the Kuomintang?

Fourth, there are a large number of * * * members in He Long's army, which is a symbol of unreliability during the tense period of Kuomintang-Communist relations. How dare they strengthen the strength of such a team? Therefore, the Kuomintang, whether left or right, will not allow He Long to be heavily armed. Although it was treated unfairly, He Long was still ahead in the Northern Expedition, especially in the battle of Xiaoshangqiao in Linying, where Helong defeated the armored tank convoy led by Zhang Xueliang and made great contributions.

Originally, Tang Shengzhi should be the main attack in this battle, but Tang Shengzhi was afraid of losses, so he ordered Zhang Fakui to be the main attack, while He Long, headed by Zhang Fakui at this time, was entrusted with the main task. He Long knew it was an insidious move to treat himself as cannon fodder, but he still led the troops to kill the enemy bravely. Although it defeated Zhang Xueliang's army, it also suffered heavy losses. After the war, Zhang Fakui (the fourth army commander) praised:

Because of He Long's outstanding performance in this election, he has been fully affirmed by all walks of life. 1June, 927, the Wuhan National Government expanded its army, and He Long's army was expanded from an independent division to the 20th army, with He Long as the commander.

From 19 16, when He Long started the revolution with two kitchen knives, to 1927, after 1 1 year, He Long was promoted to the rank of commander with military exploits.

During 1 1 year, He Long devoted himself to the country and the people, regardless of personal fame and fortune, and finally found the correct revolutionary road in 1927.

1927, 1 August, Nanchang Uprising broke out, and He Long led twenty armies to become the main force of the uprising. This day was designated as the Army Day of China People's Liberation Army, and Marshal He Long became one of the founders of China People's Liberation Army.