Introduction to Rome

Rome is located on the hilly plain in the lower reaches of the Tiber River, with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is a treasure house of art and a famous cultural city. Rome is the capital of Italy and the seat of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the city with the largest area and population in Italy. Rome is the political, historical and cultural center of Italy and the birthplace of the splendid culture of the world. The ancient city is in the north and the new city is in the south. Built in the 1920s and 1950s, it is a modern Leifeng City with skyscrapers. The Vatican, where the Vatican is located, is located in the northwest corner of the ancient city. The ancient city of Rome is like a huge open-air history museum. On the ruins of the ancient capital of Rome, there are world-famous monuments such as the Imperial Senate, the Arc de Triomphe, the Chicken Pillar, the Pantheon and the Maximus Arena. There are also many fine buildings and fine works of art in the Renaissance.

Rome has a warm climate and four distinct seasons, and spring is the most suitable season for traveling in a year. Rome has a warm climate and four distinct seasons, and spring is the most suitable season for traveling in a year. Rome has a warm climate with four distinct seasons, and spring is a year.

Attractions: Fountain, Spanish Square, Pantheon, St. John's Cathedral in Rutland, Colosseum, Bitolli Square, Mouth of Truth, New Palace and Bogose Art Museum.

From the 10 century BC to the 7th century BC, the Italian peninsula was in a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural period. "Ancient Italians" are the most important group. During the Bronze Age of 1000 BC, they crossed the Alps and Adriatic Sea in the north and east and came to Italy, brutally forcing many local indigenous tribes to migrate. They lived a nomadic life at first, but they have mastered the skills of making bronzes and using horses and wheeled carriages. After arriving in Italy, they formed a lifestyle dominated by agriculture. This way of life became the main way of life of its descendants in the following centuries until the decline of Roman civilization. "Ancient Italians" are made up of several nationalities, including Sabine, umbria and Latin.

In the 9th and 8th centuries BC, two new nationalities appeared on the Italian peninsula: Serus and Greeks. The ancients believed that the Cyrus came from Anatolia in the east, and some archaeological discoveries today have confirmed this. From the origin, it seems that they are not ancient Italians, just as their language is not Indo-European, and their civilization is a mixture of various factors from the East and the West. The famous Villanova civilization represents the initial development stage of the Serus people, from which we can see their extraordinary cultural progress in new fields. This new territory is located in the coastal plain between the Apennines and tyrrhenian sea in the northeast of Italy. These people live in independent and powerful city-States, which usually form alliances. These city-states were originally ruled by a monarch, and later became oligarchy ruled by parliament and elected officials. Serus were originally farming tribes, and they had well-organized troops. They use these troops to rule the surrounding ethnic groups, and they also like to run enterprises and engage in handicrafts. Tuscany and Latin America in the north should be the earliest settlements of Serus. A small number of Latin people flourished at the southern end of this territory, and the city of Rome was finally established here. Therefore, the Romans, who were only villagers in the heyday of Serus civilization, were closely related to Serus' language, thought and religion: Serus had a unique and most important influence on the transformation of Roman culture into civilization.

On the other hand, during the Mycenae civilization from16th century BC to 1 1 th century BC, the Greeks sailed vertically and horizontally in the coastal areas of southern and central Italy, and the subsequent stagnation period brought their navigation to an end. Forced to compete with the Phoenicians on the western trade routes, they established a new trade base, which further enabled the colony to develop in an all-round way in the 8th century BC. They first established a colony in Piisku, Italy (Iskiel Island in the Bay of Naples), and then pushed their forces slightly northward to the Kumi continent in Sicily and the southern coastal areas of Italy. With the contact with the Greeks, the Cyrus people soon became more mature. They created letters according to Greek characters, formed their own sculpture and painting styles, developed religious beliefs based on Greek anthropomorphic gods, and carefully formulated a set of rituals for divining the future. All these were later inherited by the Romans.

The date of the establishment of the city of Rome is uncertain, which is traditionally believed to be in 753 BC, which has been widely confirmed by archaeological discoveries, although people may have lived there before. Traditionally, the Romans attributed the establishment of Rome to the hero Romulus. He and his twin brother Remus are descendants of the hero Aeneas. Aeneas, the son of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, came to Italy after the Greeks occupied Troy. Roman historian Titus Levi described this myth as follows: The grandfather of the twin brothers was Numito, who was the king of Alba in the Alba Mountains in the southeast of Rome. Amulius, the evil brother of the king, deported the king and made Leia Silvia, the only daughter of the king, a virgin to prevent her from bearing children (virgins are not allowed to bear children), in order to prevent the descendants of the king from taking revenge. But Leia Sylvia violated his constraints, fell in love with Mars and gave birth to twins. When the twins were abandoned in the Tiber River, a female wolf nursed them. Later, a shepherd found out that his wife raised them. When they grew up, the twin brothers became the leaders of the greenwood. After remus was captured and brought to King Amulius, romulus led his men to rescue him and killed Amulius. At this time, the life experience of the twin brothers was revealed to the world, and their grandfather Numeitu reigned. The two brothers left their grandfather and set up their own city where the shepherd found them. When deciding who will be the master of the city, the Oracle told them to decide according to the birds they saw that predicted success. Remus saw six vultures standing on Revenge Mountain, and romulus saw 12 vultures standing on Baladin Mountain. The latter figure is luckier, but Remus is the first sign to see it. As a result, there was a quarrel between the brothers, and romulus finally killed Remus and became the king of the new town. He ruled for a long time, was accepted by the gods after his death, and became a respected god of war, Quirinus.

In the process of Rome developing into a city and establishing its own politics and culture, the Romans imitated the neighboring Serus civilization. The earliest extant writing in Italy was found in the cemetery of the ancient city of Ossa Inn near Rome in the early 8th century BC. The four Greek letters carved on the clay pot show that the Latin who just founded Rome learned to use these letters soon after the Greeks adopted the Phoenician letters. The early Roman politics was the era of kingship, and the king held absolute power. He is a great legislator, leader of the army, chief justice and chief priest, and his power is only restricted by the Senate and the citizens' assembly. The Senate is the Senate Council, which is composed of different tribal leaders. According to the Constitution and traditional customs, the Senate has the right to pass or veto the appointment of the king and to judge the king's legislation and litigation. The citizens' assembly consists of all male citizens in Rome and is divided into 30 groups according to their kinship; It authorized the monarch to exercise his power and was finally formally approved by the Senate.

With the growth of Rome's power and influence, wealth began to concentrate in the hands of a few people. The nobility is the richest member in the whole society. They control most of the trade, administration and army, and only they can enter the Senate or be appointed and elected as officials. Civilians are mainly small farmers, laborers and craftsmen. They make up the majority of the population, but they seldom have the opportunity to express their opinions in the government.

At the same time, Rome is the center of Catholicism all over the world-the seat of the Holy See!